A preliminary introduction to the study of entomology. Together with a chapter on remedies, or methods that can be used in fighting injurious insects; insect enemies of the apple tree and its fruit, and the insect enemies of small grains

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Hessian Fly: f: female, g: male fly, a: egg, b: larva, c: puparia (a flaxseed), d: pupa, enlarged, e: fly, natural size, laying eggs, h: injured plant showing flaxseeds, i: parasite of Hessian Fly Identifier: preliminaryintro00brun (find matches)
Title: A preliminary introduction to the study of entomology. Together with a chapter on remedies, or methods that can be used in fighting injurious insects; insect enemies of the apple tree and its fruit, and the insect enemies of small grains
Year: 1894 (1890s)
Authors: Bruner, Lawrence Metcalf Collection (North Carolina State University). NCRS
Subjects: Apples Grain Insects Insect pests
Publisher: Lincoln, Nebraska, J. North & Co., printers
Contributing Library: NCSU Libraries
Digitizing Sponsor: NCSU Libraries

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ipennis Thos.)Green-Striped Locust (Chimmocepliala viridifasciata DeGeer.) Field Cricket (Gryllus ahhreviatus Serv.)Gryllus pennsylvanicus Burm.Gryllus luctuasus Serv. THYSS.NURA. Garden Flea (Smynthurus hortensis Fitch.)Pretty Ground Flea (^Smynthurus elegans Fitch.)Marked Ground Plea (Smynthurus signifer Fitch.) Acarina. Stored Grain Mite (Tyroglyphus longior Gervais.)Eed Spider (Tetranychus telarius Linu.) THE HESSIAN FLY. (Ceadomyia destructor Say.) The Hessian Fly is possibly quite as important an insectenemy of the small grains as the Chinch Bug. Certainly it hasoccupied the attention of entomological writers to as great anextent as has that insect. Briefly summed up: The Hessian fly is a small, two-wingedfly about one-eighth of an inch long and of a dusky color (seeillustrations), and appears during May and June and again inSeptember and October. The eggs are deposited on the upperside of the leaves, and the young, as soon as they hatch, make 204 INSECT ENEMIES OF SMALL GRAINS.
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Pig. 1.—Hessian Fly: f, female; gr, male fly; a, egg; &, larva; e, puparial^or flaxseed; d, pupa—enlarged; e, fly natural size, laying eggs; 7i, injuredplant showing flaxseeds; i, parasite of Hessian fly. (After Riley.) Il^SEC r ENEMIES OF SMALL GRAINS. 205 their way clown the plant, behind the sheath, to near the lowerjoints and there become imbedded in the soft part of the stem.Here they pass the winter and also the summer, in the formercase in young wheat, and in the latter case in the stubble. Theadults appear and the eggs are deposited at dates varying withthe latitude, being earlier in the fall to the northward and laterto the southward.* EEMEDIES. This insect is best fought by choosing preventives rather thanremedies after the insect has made the attack. Such as waitinguntil after the flies have issued and laid their eggs in fall, theselection of the very best seed that will produce strong, healthyplants, etc. Professor Webster, in writing of remedies, says: After the f

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