Image of cup lichen

Description:

Habitat: light mixed wood, predominantly Picea abies, partly shade, partly protected against direct rain, precipitations ~3.000 mm/year, average temperature 6-8 deg C, elevation 960 m (3.150 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. Substratum: soil with rotten wood debris and Picea abies needles. Ref: V. Wirth, R.Duell, Farbatlas Flechten und Moose, Ulmer (2000), p57. I.Brodo, S.Sharnoff, S.Sharnoff, Lichens of North America, Yale Uni. Press (2001), p254.