Image of flavopunctelia lichen

Description:

Syn.: Parmelia flaventior Stirt., Parmelia kernstockii Lynge & Zahlbr. - Habitat: former mountain pastures with scattered trees and bushes; slightly inclined terrain, south aspect; colluvial, calcareous ground; full sun, dry place; elevation 600 m (1.950 feet); average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 7-9 deg C, alpine phytogeographical region. - Substratum: bark of medium to small size branches of (almost) stand-alone, recently cut down Juglans regia. - Comment: Flavopunctelia flaventior is a beautiful lichen, which seems to be quite rare in Slovenia. According to Ogris (2018) Ref.: 6 there are only three UTM squares known in the country where it has been found and registered. None of these finds lay in Alpine phytogeographical region of the country. However, GBIF- Austria, Ref.: 8 states a find in Bavica valley, which is in Alpine region and not far from this observation. The lichen is also rare in the region directly west of Posoje in NE Italy Ref.: 5 and also in Germany (Ref.: 7 and Ref.:1). It is interesting that this species appears more and more frequent during last few decades according to Ref.:1. - Flavopunctelia flaventior can be recognized by slightly wrinkled upper surface od lobes with white, faintly reticulated pseudocyphellae and numerous, laminal and marginal soralia. Lower surface is dark in the thallus center with dark, short, simple rhizines and much lighter in color and without rhizines at the thallus margins. Only two specimens have been found on this tree. - Ref.: (1) V. Wirth, Die Flechten Baden-Wrttembergs, Teil. 2., Ulmer (1995), p 647. (2) I.M. Brodo, S.D. Sharnoff, S.Sharnoff, Lichens of North America, Yale Uni. Press (2001), p 317. (3) https://www.thm.de/lse/fachbereich/team/professoren/singlearticle/13-94-Kirschbaum/212-x.html (accessed March 27. 2018) (4) http://www.sharnoffphotos.com/lichensC/flavopunctelia_flaventior.html (accessed March 29. 2018) (5) http://dryades.units.it/italic/index.php?procedure=taxonpage&num=989 (accessed March 29. 2018) (6) N. Ogris (ed), Boletus informaticus, Slovenian Forestry Institute http://www.zdravgozd.si/bi_index.aspx (accessed March 29. 2018) (7) http://www.flechten-deutschland.de/organismen/flavopunctelia-flaventior-stirt-hale#prettyPhoto (accessed March 29. 2018) (8) http://www.gbif.at/ms/gbif/gbif/gbif_datenportal/gibf_suchearten/ (accessed March 29. 2018) (9) U. Suppan, J. Prugger, H. Mayrhofer, Lichen biodiversity in Slovenia, Catalogue of the lichenized and lichenicolous fungi of Slovenia, http://members.chello.at/johannes.pruegger/uni/slovenia/ (accessed March 29. 2018)