Image of lung lichen

Description:

Slo.: navadni pljučar - Habitat: Mixed, old predominantly Picea abies mountain forest, calcareous ground, almost flat terrain, quite humid place, in shade, partly protected from direct rain by tree canopies, average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 2-4 deg C, elevation 1.380 m (4.500 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. - Substratum: live Carpinus betulus. - Comment: Growing in groups, many species. Several large moist (after rain) thalli with isidia, soralia as well as with fairly rare apothecia in Europe. The tree trunk was covered by the lichen from ground to up to 4 m (12 feet) above the ground. Peltigera sp. present on the same trunk. - Ref.: (1) I.M. Brodo, S.D. Sharnoff, S.Sharnoff, Lichens of North America, Yale Uni. Press (2001), p 417. (2) V. Wirth, Die Flechten Baden-Wuerttembergs, Vol.2. Ulmer (1995), p 563. (3) F.S. Dobson, Lichens, The Richmonds Publishing Ca.LTD (2005), p 255.