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Cladonia pocillum (Ach.) O.J. Rich., syn.: Baeomyces pocillum Ach., Baeomyces pyxidatus var. pocillum (Ach.), Capitularia pocillum (Ach.) Wahlenb., Cenomyce neglecta var. pocillum (Ach.) W. Mann, Cenomyce pocillum (Ach.) Ach., Cladonia pyxidata subsp. pocillum (Ach.) E. Dahl. EN: Cup Lichen, DE: Warzige-Trompetenflechte, Rosettige Kalk-Becherflechte, Warzige-KeulenflechteSlo.: no nameDat.: Nov. 22. 2021Lat.: 46.35876 Long.: 13.704054Code: Bot_1419/2021_DSC09414Habitat: mountain slope above road side, southeast aspect; partly overgrown, calcareous, sandy ground; open, partly sunny, dry place; average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 6-8 deg C, elevations 545 m (1.790 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. Substratum: sandy soil.Place: Lower Trenta valley between villages Soa and Trenta, right bank of river Soa, above road side, between Matev's (Trenta 1) and Otokar's farmhouse (Trenta 4), East Julian Alps, Posoje, Slovenia EC Comments (pertain to pictures of Flicker albums: Cladonia pocillum I and Cladonia pocillum II): Cladonia pocillum is one of many species in the genus, which is relatively easy to recognize (at least in moist state) in spite of the fact that it is very similar to much more common Cladonia pyxidata. Cladonia pocillum never forms large cushions. They are usually round or oval and only a few cm in diameter while Cladonia pyxidata may form much larger patches (but not at all always) of any imaginable form. Most distinguishing trait between both is large and vividly green (when moist), almost foliose, overlapping primary squamules, which form a 'rosette' around the colony. The central part of the colony often contrasts with the edges in color and shape. It is usually yellowish or brownish even if moist. Podetia are small, smaller than with typical well developed Cladonia pyxidata but are otherwise almost indistinguishable form podetia of Cladonia pyxidata. In dry state it is more difficult to separate both species. Ref.:(1) V.Wirth, Die Flechten Baden-Wrttembergs, Ulmer, Vol 1., p337(2) I.M. Brodo, S.D. Sharnoff, S.Sharnoff, Lichens of North America, Yale Uni. Press (2001), p 266.(3) F.S. Dobson, Lichens, The Richmonds Publishing Ca.LTD (2005), p 142.(4) C.W.Smith, et all, The lichens of Great Britain and Ireland,The British Lichen Society, (2009), p 333.
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Canale Monterano, Lazio, Italy
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LichenGirraween National ParkGIR_170527_F04_VR
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Primorsko, Burgas, Bulgaria
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Big Hammock Nature Reserve
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LichenGirraween National ParkGIR_170722_F07_VR
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Cladonia portentosa (Dufour) Coem. (1865), syn.: Cladonia impexa Harm. (1907), Cladina portentosa (Dufour) Follmann, (1979)Reindeer lichenSlo.: ?Dat.: April 29. 2014Lat.: 46.36018 Long.: 13.69759Code: Bot_794/2014_DSC0673Habitat: at the foot of a low elevation scree slope, among small, retarded Picea abies and Fraxinus ornus trees, southeast inclined mountain slope, calcareous ground, quite open, dry and sunny place, exposed to direct rain, average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 7-9 deg C, elevations 650 m (2.150 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. Substratum: nutrients poor sandy soil of scree ground.Place: Lower Trenta valley, between villages Soa and Trenta, right bank of river Soa, above abandoned farm house 'Strgulc', East Julian Alps, Posoje, Slovenia EC Comments: This gray-green species of genus Cladonia, growing usually in 'broccoli-like pillows', is quite common locally. It can be found on dry, stony, deteriorating, long time ago abandoned pastures. Its main characteristics are rich, filigree branching and lack of tendency to one-sidedly oriented terminal branches with sharp apices (to the contrast to several other similar species where the branches' tips are more or less oriented in the same direction). Growing was growing in several, mostly round patches in the vicinity. Round clumps measured up to 20 cm (8") in diameter and had about 5 cm (2") thicknesses. The largest 'continuous' mat found measured about 1 x 0.6 m (3 x 2 feet). Photographed species were in almost dry state. This determination seems quite probable but is not completely certain since no chemical tests have been made and several species with similar habit exist.Ref.:(1) F.S. Dobson, Lichens, The Richmonds Publishing Ca. LTD (2005), p 142.(2) C.W.Smith, et all, The lichens of Great Britain and Ireland, The British Lichen Society, (2009), p 319.(3) V. Wirth, Die Flechten Baden-Wrttembergs, Vol. 1. Ulmer (1995), p 334.(4)
www.lichens.lastdragon.org/Cladonia_portentosa.html Nikon D700/Nikkor Micro 105mm/f2.8 and Canon G11, 6.1-30mm/f2.8-4.5
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Castel Fusano, Lazio, Italy
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Ethel, Florida, United States
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Cladonia phyllophora Hoffm., syn.: Cladonia alcicornis var. phyllophora (Hoffm.) Malbr., Cladonia cervicornis f. phyllophora (Hoffm.) Dalla Torre & Sarnth., Cladonia degenerans (Flrke) SprengFamily: CladoniaceaeEN: Felt cladonia, DE: Bebltterte BecherflechteSlo.: no name foundDat.: Sept. 18. 2008Lat.: 46.32403 Long.: 13.58408Code: Bot_0297/2008_DSC3510 Habitat: Steep mountain slope, northwest aspect; among large boulders of a recent, large sock slide; in half shade; on sandy, calcareous ground; moderately humid place; protected from direct rain by overhanging rock; average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 7-9 deg C, elevations 750 m (2.450 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. Substratum: sandy soil/raw hummus, among large calcareous boulders.Place: Bovec basin, Northwest slopes of Mt. Javorek, 1557 m; toward the end of a dirt forest road, East Julian Alps, Posoje, Slovenia EC. Comment (relates to Flickr album Cladonia phyllophora): Browsing literature to determine the name of this find I've found only one or two candidates with podetia, which sometimes proliferate in more than two stores from cup margins. Cladonia rappii as well as Cladonia cervikornis/verticilata look similarly from far, but proliferate strictly from the center of the cups. Cladonia ramulosa may look similar too, but rarely (if at all) proliferates in more than two stores and is usually fertile with numerous conspicuous brown apothecia. None of several specimens found in this observation had podetia with apothecia. The best, although not ideal, fit I've found seems to be Cladonia phyllophora. All sources agree that this taxon is highly polymorphic (google the pictures of it!). The taxon is also very variously interpreted by the authors (Ref. 7.). The description in literature, which seems the closest to this find, is in Brodo, Sharnoff, Sharnoff (2001) (Ref. 2.) mentioning gradually broadening and seemingly soft near the apex podetia having a slightly puffed-up aspect and cup margins richly decorated by small and thick squamules (see Fig. 4.) and brown pycnidia /see Fig.7.). The description in Smith at al (2009) (Ref. 1.) fits reasonably well too, particularly the description of the habit stated as 'often extensive more or less interlocking tiers of proliferating podetia'. However, many sources mention that the surface of the podetia near the base should be areolate with contrasting blackened decorticated and maculated areas (Ref. 1., Ref. 8.) or blackish podetia base (Ref. 7.), which is not the case in this find. Also substratum is usually cited as acid. This find apparently grew on a mixture of sandy soil and raw hummus deposited in gaps among large rock boulders (a few meters across) of a relatively recent large mountain rock slide. It seems possible that it was at least to some extent acid, however, the bedrock and the boulders themselves are no doubt calcareous. I am not sure my determination is correct, but, I am also not aware of a better alternative.Ref.:(1) C.W.Smith, et all, The lichens of Great Britain and Ireland,The British Lichen Society,(2009), p 333.(2) I.M. Brodo, S.D. Sharnoff, S.Sharnoff, Lichens of North America, Yale Uni. Press (2001), p 265.(3) V. Wirth, Die Flechten Baden-Wrttembergs, Teil.1., Ulmer (1995), p 332.(4)
www.researchgate.net/publication/228358096_The_lichen_gen... (accessed May. 31. 2021)(5)
v3.boldsystems.org/index.php/Taxbrowser_Taxonpage?taxid=6... (accessed June 8. 2021)(6)
www.sharnoffphotos.com/lichensB/cladonia_phyllophora.html (accessed June 12. 2021)(7)
www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=... (accessed June 12. 2021)(8)
italic.units.it/index.php?procedure=taxonpage&num=814 (accessed June 14. 2021)
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Cladonia pocillum (Ach.) O.J. Rich., syn.: Baeomyces pocillum Ach., Baeomyces pyxidatus var. pocillum (Ach.), Capitularia pocillum (Ach.) Wahlenb., Cenomyce neglecta var. pocillum (Ach.) W. Mann, Cenomyce pocillum (Ach.) Ach., Cladonia pyxidata subsp. pocillum (Ach.) E. Dahl. EN: Cup Lichen, DE: Warzige-Trompetenflechte, Rosettige Kalk-Becherflechte, Warzige-KeulenflechteSlo.: no nameDat.: Nov. 22. 2021Lat.: 46.35876 Long.: 13.704054Code: Bot_1419/2021_DSC09414Habitat: mountain slope above road side, southeast aspect; partly overgrown, calcareous, sandy ground; open, partly sunny, dry place; average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 6-8 deg C, elevations 545 m (1.790 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. Substratum: sandy soil.Place: Lower Trenta valley between villages Soa and Trenta, right bank of river Soa, above road side, between Matev's (Trenta 1) and Otokar's farmhouse (Trenta 4), East Julian Alps, Posoje, Slovenia EC Comments (pertain to pictures of Flicker albums: Cladonia pocillum I and Cladonia pocillum II): Cladonia pocillum is one of many species in the genus, which is relatively easy to recognize (at least in moist state) in spite of the fact that it is very similar to much more common Cladonia pyxidata. Cladonia pocillum never forms large cushions. They are usually round or oval and only a few cm in diameter while Cladonia pyxidata may form much larger patches (but not at all always) of any imaginable form. Most distinguishing trait between both is large and vividly green (when moist), almost foliose, overlapping primary squamules, which form a 'rosette' around the colony. The central part of the colony often contrasts with the edges in color and shape. It is usually yellowish or brownish even if moist. Podetia are small, smaller than with typical well developed Cladonia pyxidata but are otherwise almost indistinguishable form podetia of Cladonia pyxidata. In dry state it is more difficult to separate both species. Ref.:(1) V.Wirth, Die Flechten Baden-Wrttembergs, Ulmer, Vol 1., p337(2) I.M. Brodo, S.D. Sharnoff, S.Sharnoff, Lichens of North America, Yale Uni. Press (2001), p 266.(3) F.S. Dobson, Lichens, The Richmonds Publishing Ca.LTD (2005), p 142.(4) C.W.Smith, et all, The lichens of Great Britain and Ireland,The British Lichen Society, (2009), p 333.
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Canale Monterano, Lazio, Italy
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LichenGirraween National ParkGIR_170527_F04_VR
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Big Hammock Nature Reserve
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Loonshoekje, Noord-Brabant, Nederland
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Cladonia portentosa (Dufour) Coem. (1865), syn.: Cladonia impexa Harm. (1907), Cladina portentosa (Dufour) Follmann, (1979)Reindeer lichenSlo.: ?Dat.: April 29. 2014Lat.: 46.36018 Long.: 13.69759Code: Bot_794/2014_DSC0673Habitat: at the foot of alow elevation scree slope, among small, retarded Picea abies and Fraxinus ornus trees, southeast inclined mountain slope, calcareous ground, quite open, dry and sunny place, exposed to direct rain, average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 7-9 deg C, elevations 650 m (2.150 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. Substratum: nutrients poor sandy soil of scree ground.Place: Lower Trenta valley, between villages Soa and Trenta, right bank of river Soa, above abandoned farm house 'Strgulc', East Julian Alps, Posoje, Slovenia EC Comments: This gray-green species of genus Cladonia, growing usually in 'broccoli-like pillows', is quite common locally. It can be found on dry, stony, deteriorating, long time ago abandoned pastures. Its main characteristics are rich, filigree branching and lack of tendency to one-sidedly oriented terminal branches with sharp apices (to the contrast to several other similar species where the branches' tips are more or lessoriented in the same direction). The lichen was growing in several, mostly round patches in the vicinity. Round clumps measured up to 20 cm (8") in diameter and had about 5 cm (2") thicknesses. The largest 'continuous' mat found measured about 1 x 0.6 m (3 x 2 feet). Photographed species were in almost dry state. This determination seems quite probable but is not completely certain since no chemical tests have been made and several species with similar habitus exist.Ref.:(1) F.S. Dobson, Lichens, The Richmonds Publishing Ca. LTD (2005), p 142.(2) C.W.Smith, et all, The lichens of Great Britain and Ireland, The British Lichen Society, (2009), p 319.(3) V. Wirth, Die Flechten Baden-Wrttembergs, Vol. 1. Ulmer (1995), p 334.(4)
www.lichens.lastdragon.org/Cladonia_portentosa.html Nikon D700/Nikkor Micro 105mm/f2.8 and Canon G11, 6.1-30mm/f2.8-4.5
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Winter Garden, Florida, United States
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Cladonia phyllophora Hoffm., syn.: Cladonia alcicornis var. phyllophora (Hoffm.) Malbr., Cladonia cervicornis f. phyllophora (Hoffm.) Dalla Torre & Sarnth., Cladonia degenerans (Flrke) SprengFamily: CladoniaceaeEN: Felt cladonia, DE: Bebltterte BecherflechteSlo.: no name foundDat.: Sept. 18. 2008Lat.: 46.32403 Long.: 13.58408Code: Bot_0297/2008_DSC3510 Habitat: Steep mountain slope, northwest aspect; among large boulders of a recent, large sock slide; in half shade; on sandy, calcareous ground; moderately humid place; protected from direct rain by overhanging rock; average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 7-9 deg C, elevations 750 m (2.450 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. Substratum: sandy soil/raw hummus, among large calcareous boulders.Place: Bovec basin, Northwest slopes of Mt. Javorek, 1557 m; toward the end of a dirt forest road, East Julian Alps, Posoje, Slovenia EC. Comment (relates to Flickr album Cladonia phyllophora): Browsing literature to determine the name of this find I've found only one or two candidates with podetia, which sometimes proliferate in more than two stores from cup margins. Cladonia rappii as well as Cladonia cervikornis/verticilata look similarly from far, but proliferate strictly from the center of the cups. Cladonia ramulosa may look similar too, but rarely (if at all) proliferates in more than two stores and is usually fertile with numerous conspicuous brown apothecia. None of several specimens found in this observation had podetia with apothecia. The best, although not ideal, fit I've found seems to be Cladonia phyllophora. All sources agree that this taxon is highly polymorphic (google the pictures of it!). The taxon is also very variously interpreted by the authors (Ref. 7.). The description in literature, which seems the closest to this find, is in Brodo, Sharnoff, Sharnoff (2001) (Ref. 2.) mentioning gradually broadening and seemingly soft near the apex podetia having a slightly puffed-up aspect and cup margins richly decorated by small and thick squamules (see Fig. 4.) and brown pycnidia /see Fig.7.). The description in Smith at al (2009) (Ref. 1.) fits reasonably well too, particularly the description of the habit stated as 'often extensive more or less interlocking tiers of proliferating podetia'. However, many sources mention that the surface of the podetia near the base should be areolate with contrasting blackened decorticated and maculated areas (Ref. 1., Ref. 8.) or blackish podetia base (Ref. 7.), which is not the case in this find. Also substratum is usually cited as acid. This find apparently grew on a mixture of sandy soil and raw hummus deposited in gaps among large rock boulders (a few meters across) of a relatively recent large mountain rock slide. It seems possible that it was at least to some extent acid, however, the bedrock and the boulders themselves are no doubt calcareous. I am not sure my determination is correct, but, I am also not aware of a better alternative.Ref.:(1) C.W.Smith, et all, The lichens of Great Britain and Ireland,The British Lichen Society,(2009), p 333.(2) I.M. Brodo, S.D. Sharnoff, S.Sharnoff, Lichens of North America, Yale Uni. Press (2001), p 265.(3) V. Wirth, Die Flechten Baden-Wrttembergs, Teil.1., Ulmer (1995), p 332.(4)
www.researchgate.net/publication/228358096_The_lichen_gen... (accessed May. 31. 2021)(5)
v3.boldsystems.org/index.php/Taxbrowser_Taxonpage?taxid=6... (accessed June 8. 2021)(6)
www.sharnoffphotos.com/lichensB/cladonia_phyllophora.html (accessed June 12. 2021)(7)
www.lichensmaritimes.org/index.php?task=fiche&lichen=... (accessed June 12. 2021)(8)
italic.units.it/index.php?procedure=taxonpage&num=814 (accessed June 14. 2021)
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Cladonia pocillum (Ach.) O.J. Rich., syn.: Baeomyces pocillum Ach., Baeomyces pyxidatus var. pocillum (Ach.), Capitularia pocillum (Ach.) Wahlenb., Cenomyce neglecta var. pocillum (Ach.) W. Mann, Cenomyce pocillum (Ach.) Ach., Cladonia pyxidata subsp. pocillum (Ach.) E. Dahl. EN: Cup Lichen, DE: Warzige-Trompetenflechte, Rosettige Kalk-Becherflechte, Warzige-KeulenflechteSlo.: no nameDat.: Nov. 22. 2021Lat.: 46.35876 Long.: 13.704054Code: Bot_1419/2021_DSC09414Habitat: mountain slope above road side, southeast aspect; partly overgrown, calcareous, sandy ground; open, partly sunny, dry place; average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 6-8 deg C, elevations 545 m (1.790 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. Substratum: sandy soil.Place: Lower Trenta valley between villages Soa and Trenta, right bank of river Soa, above road side, between Matev's (Trenta 1) and Otokar's farmhouse (Trenta 4), East Julian Alps, Posoje, Slovenia EC Comments (pertain to pictures of Flicker albums: Cladonia pocillum I and Cladonia pocillum II): Cladonia pocillum is one of many species in the genus, which is relatively easy to recognize (at least in moist state) in spite of the fact that it is very similar to much more common Cladonia pyxidata. Cladonia pocillum never forms large cushions. They are usually round or oval and only a few cm in diameter while Cladonia pyxidata may form much larger patches (but not at all always) of any imaginable form. Most distinguishing trait between both is large and vividly green (when moist), almost foliose, overlapping primary squamules, which form a 'rosette' around the colony. The central part of the colony often contrasts with the edges in color and shape. It is usually yellowish or brownish even if moist. Podetia are small, smaller than with typical well developed Cladonia pyxidata but are otherwise almost indistinguishable form podetia of Cladonia pyxidata. In dry state it is more difficult to separate both species. Ref.:(1) V.Wirth, Die Flechten Baden-Wrttembergs, Ulmer, Vol 1., p337(2) I.M. Brodo, S.D. Sharnoff, S.Sharnoff, Lichens of North America, Yale Uni. Press (2001), p 266.(3) F.S. Dobson, Lichens, The Richmonds Publishing Ca.LTD (2005), p 142.(4) C.W.Smith, et all, The lichens of Great Britain and Ireland,The British Lichen Society, (2009), p 333.
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Aniane, Languedoc-Roussillon, France
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LichenGirraween National ParkGIR_170527_F04_VR