-
Corunnun, Victoria, Australia
-
-
Rhizocarpon geographicum (L.) DC, syn.: Rhizocarpon riparium RsMap Lichen, DE.: LankartenflechteSlo.: zemljevidni skorjevecDat.: July 4. 2016Lat.: 46.21318 Long.: 13.54701Code: Bot_983/2016_IMG0758 Habitat: mountain grassland, moderately steep mountain slope, south aspect; on the border of limestone and flysh bedrock; open place, full sun, moist place; exposed to direct rain; elevation 1.400 m (4.600 feet); average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 3-5 deg C, pre-alpine phytogeographical region. Substratum: small inclusions of hard, smooth, siliceous rock in bare, exposed calcareous (limestone or dolomite) bedrock.Place: Mont Matajur region, next to the trail from village Livek to Mt. Matajur, west of Planina Matajur, Julian Pre-Alps, Posoje, Slovenia EC. Comment: Rhizocarpon geographicum is beautiful, conspicuous lichen, which is very common in the regions with siliceous, acid ground. But in Slovenia it is rather a rare find because of the lack of such ground. With its bright yellow thallus, black apothecia and black prothallus and characteristically areolate pattern of the thallus, which coarsely resembles a map, it is superficially easy to determine. However the Rhizocarpon geographicum group is extremely polymorphic, still poorly understood species complex. Several taxa have been separated with slightly different chemistry, spore properties and/or habit. The thallus of Rhizocarpon geographicum grows very slowly, only about 0.1 mm per year (Ref.4). The largest thalli can be much more than thousand years old. This slow hrouth is used in global warming studies. Retreat of glaciers can be measured by measuring thalli diameter along valleys with retreating glaciers.Thalli up to 10 x 6 cm large.Ref.:(1) F.S. Dobson, Lichens, The Richmonds Publishing Ca.LTD (2005), p 386.(2) V. Wirth, Die Flechten Baden-Wrttembergs, Teil.2., Ulmer (1995), p 812.(3) V. Wirth, R. Duell, Farbatlas Flechten und Moose, Ulmer, (2000), p 137.(4) B. Marbach, C. Kainz, Moose, Farne und Flechten, BLV Naturfrer (2002), p 90.(5) C.W.Smith, et all, The lichens of Great Britain and Ireland, The British Lichen Society, (2009), p 800.(6) I.M. Brodo, S.D. Sharnoff, S. Sharnoff, Lichens of North America, Yale Uni. Press (2001), p 635.
-
Blastenia ferruginea (Huds.) A. Massal., syn.; Caloplaca ferruginea (Huds.) Th. Fr., (+ about 40 other names according to IF)EN: no name found, DE: no name foundFamily: Teloschistaceae Slo.: no name foundDat.: May 4. 2019Lat.: 45.07642 Long.: 14.43666Code: Bot_1191/2019_DSC5217 Habitat: Sub-Mediterranean macchia; calcareous, skeletal ground, slightly inclined hill slope, west aspect; dry, sunny place; average precipitations ~ 1.000 mm/year, average temperature 13-14 deg C, elevations 65 m (215 feet), Sub-Mediterranean phytogeographical region.Substratum: small (diameter of less than 8 mm), dead but also alive twigs of Phillyrea latifolia.Place: West island Krk, west of village Brzac, along the trail to the sea shore, Kvarner archipelago, Rijeka region, Croatia EC. Comment: Cosmopolitan species Blastenia ferruginea is tiny but beautifully colored when wet (as many other members of Caloplaca genus). The species is traditionally known under its name Caloplaca ferruginea, but according to Index Fungorum its current name is Blastenia ferruginea. At first I thought the find belongs to genus Ramboldia (eventually Ramboldia russula), but spores are typically polarilocular, which is characteristic for genus Caloplaca and allied. The lichen was found on the branches of the same bush as Teloschistes chrysophthalmus (L.) Th. Fr. Blastenia ferruginea seems to be a rare species. Smith et al. (2009) (Ref.:1) states that it is scarce and decreasing and has now (2009) probably disappeared from Central Europe. It is not yet listed in the Boletus Informaticus and Mycotheca of the Forestry institute of Slovenia although some records for my country are listed in Ref.6.Spores polarilocular, smooth. Dimensions: (11,2) 11,6 - 15,4 (15,8) (6,6) 6,9 - 10,1 (10,7) m Q = (1,3) 1,4 - 1,85 (1,9); N = 25; Me = 13,8 8,7 m; Qe = 1,6. Isthmus (connection between both locules) thickness: (3,2) 3,3 - 6,6 (8) m; N = 23; Me = 5,3. Asci dimensions approximately 56 x 13.5 m.Ref.:(1) C.W.Smith, et all, The lichens of Great Britain and Ireland, The British Lichen Society,(2009), p 261.(2) V. Wirth, Die Flechten Baden-Wrttembergs, Teil.1., Ulmer (1995), p 212. (3) I.M. Brodo, S.D. Sharnoff, S.Sharnoff, Lichens of North America, Yale Uni. Press (2001), p 195. (4)
lichenportal.org/cnalh/taxa/index.php?taxon=135488&cl... (accessed Nov. 21. 2019)(5)
www.afl-lichenologie.fr/Photos_AFL/Photos_AFL_C/Caloplaca... (accessed Nov. 21. 2019) (6)
members.chello.at/johannes.pruegger/uni/slovenia/ (accessed Nov. 23. 2019)
-
-
Melanelixia subaurifera (Nyl.) O. Blanco et al., syn.: syn.: Melanelia subaurifera (Nyl.) Essl., Parmelia olivacea var. subaurifera (Nyl.) O.J. Rich., Parmelia subaurifera Nyl.Abraded Camouflage Lichen, DE: Gold-BrownflechteSlo.: zlati rjavekDat.: April 8. 2018Code: Bot_1120/2018_DSC1775 Lat.: 46.36026 Long.: 13.702619Habitat: abandoned pastures with scattered trees; moderately inclined mountain slope, south-east aspect; relatively warm and dry place; colluvial, calcareous ground, sunny place; exposed to direct rain; average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 7-9 deg C, elevations 600 m (1.950 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. Substratum: bark of small branches and twigs of a stand-alone, recently cut down Juglans regia.Place: Lower Trenta valley, right bank of river Soa; between villages Soa and Trenta; near Trenta 2b cottage, East Julian Alps, Posoje, Slovenia EC.Comment: Melanelixia subaurifera is a rather small, only a few cm in diameter, adpressed, thin, matt and brown lichen. When dry and growing on brown, rough tree bark it requires some attention to be spotted. When damp, after rain, it becomes olive green and shinier and hence quite conspicuous. It is a widely distributed all over the world and on many places a common lichen.Habitus of the find seems quite convincing for Melanelixia subaurifera. Optional similar species Melanelixia subargentifera was abandoned because I was able to find neither tiny cortical hairs toward lobe margins and ends (Ref.1) nor purine on the thallus (Ref.5). The lichens were not found on tree's trunk or at the base of it (Ref.2), but rather on small twigs, which doesn't match to Melanelixia subargentifera. However, Melanelixia can be easily confused also with brown species of Xanthoparmelia species. Morphological differences are small, however, chemistry is different. My determination is not completely reliable because no chemical tests have been done.Naming of this species is also to some extent questionable. Index Fungorum keeps the name Melanelixia subaurifera as a synonym of 'current name' Melanelia subaurifera, while MycoBank claims the opposite. It seems to me that recent references mostly follow MycoBank.Lichens of this observation were photographed in damp state. Many specimens were found on this tree. Ref.: (1) C.W.Smith, et all, The lichens of Great Britain and Ireland,The British Lichen Society,(2009), p 572.(2) V. Wirth, Die Flechten Baden-Wrttembergs, Teil.2., Ulmer (1995), p 656. (as Parmelia subaurifera)(3) F.S. Dobson, Lichens, The Richmonds Publishing Ca.LTD (2005), p 264. (as Melanelia subaurifera)(4)
lichenportal.org/portal/imagelib/imgdetails.php?imgid=192575 (accessed May 22. 2018) (5) I.M. Brodo, S.D. Sharnoff, S.Sharnoff, Lichens of North America, Yale Uni. Press (2001), p 439. (as Melanelia subaurifera)(6)
www.waysofenlichenment.net/lichens/Melanelixia%20subaurifera (7)
dbiodbs.units.it/italic/chiavi_pub25?usr=admin&n=716&...
-
Caloplaca ochracea (Schaer.) Flagey; syn.: Xanthocarpia ochracea (Schaer.) A. Massal. & De Not., Blastenia ochracea (Schaer.) Trevis., Callopisma ochraceum (Schaer.) A. Massal., Gyalecta tetrasticha (Nyl.) Jatta, Lecidea ochracea Schaer., Triophthalmidium tetrasticha (Nyl.) Gyeln., Placodium tetrastichum (Nyl.) H. Olivier, Biatora aurantiaca var. ochracea (Schaer.) RabenhEN. No name found, DE: no name foundSI: no name found Dat.: March 8. 2018Lat.: 46.36052 Long.: 13.702906Code: Bot_1114/2018_DSC1066 Habitat: stony fence dividing former mountain pastures; scattered trees and bushes around; slightly inclined terrain, southeast aspect; colluvial, calcareous ground; quite sunny, dry place; elevation 600 m (1.950 feet); average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 7-9 deg C, alpine phytogeographical region. Substratum: inclined surface of limestone rock.Place: Lower Trenta valley, right bank of river Soa; between villages Soa and Trenta; near Trenta 2b cottage, East Julian Alps, Posoje, Slovenia EC. Comment: Caloplaca ochracea is a conspicuous saxicolous lichen because of its bright colored thallus. However, genus Caloplaca includes many species and several have yellow thallus and apothecia. Looking at spores seems necessary for a reliable determination. Mature, released spores have not been found. Instead those released by pressure during preparation of hymenium squash are shown and measured. Their dimensions fit to expectations, but they were of much variable internal structure. Most of them were 4-loculate, some of them also with for Caloplaca ochracea typical narrow channel-like loculi between both terminal ones. Asci were 4-spored, which fits to Caloplaca ochracea. Thallus and apothecia K+ crimson.Spores smooth, thick walled, most of them 4-loculate. Dimensions: (11) 12 - 18 (18,5) (5,5) 5,8 - 7,4 (7,5) m; Q = (1,9) 1,95 - 2,55 (2,6); N = 13; Me = 14,9 6,5 m. Olympus CH20; NEA 40x/0.65, magnification 400x; in water, fresh material. Asci about 60 x 13 m, clavate, 4-spored. Paraphyses with septa having thickened, rounded ends; up to 5 m in diameter at the end. AmScope MA500 digital camera. Picture 15 shows herbarium specimen; Novex, Zoom Stereo RZ_Range, Holland.Ref.:(1) V. Wirth, Die Flechten Baden-Wrttembergs, Teil.1., Ulmer (1995), p 235. (2) F.S. Dobson, Lichens, The Richmonds Publishing Ca.LTD (2005), p 106. (3) C.W.Smith, et all, The lichens of Great Britain and Ireland,The British Lichen Society,(2009), p 268. (4)
www.afl-lichenologie.fr/Photos_AFL/Photos_AFL_C/Caloplaca... (accessed March 29. 2018)
-
Liquen.Lugar: Parque Nacional Huerquehue, IX Regin, Chile.
-
-
Lobaria pulmonariaLungwort, Lung Lichen, Echte LungenflechteSlo.: navadni pljuarDat.: Sept. 3. 2012Lat.: 46.34563 Long.: 13.73455Code: Bot_653/2012_IMG0954 Habitat: Mixed, old predominantly Picea abies mountain forest, calcareous ground, almost flat terrain, quite humid place, in shade, partly protected from direct rain by tree canopies, average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 2-4 deg C, elevation 1.380 m (4.500 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. Substratum: live Carpinus betulus.Place: Dol pod Plazmi, west of Lepo pije ridge, East Julian Alps, Posoje, Slovenia EC Comment: Growing in groups, many species. Several large moist (after rain) thalli with isidia, soralia as well as with fairly rare apothecia in Europe. The tree trunk was covered by the lichen from ground to up to 4 m (12 feet) above the ground. Peltigera sp. present on the same trunk. Ref.:(1) I.M. Brodo, S.D. Sharnoff, S.Sharnoff, Lichens of North America, Yale Uni. Press (2001), p 417.(2) V. Wirth, Die Flechten Baden-Wuerttembergs, Vol.2. Ulmer (1995), p 563.(3) F.S. Dobson, Lichens, The Richmonds Publishing Ca.LTD (2005), p 255.
-
Location: Lower Saxony, GermanyHabitat: Apple tree
-
-
Werombi, New South Wales, Australia
-
Blastenia ferruginea (Huds.) A. Massal., syn.; Caloplaca ferruginea (Huds.) Th. Fr., (+ about 40 other names according to IF)EN: no name found, DE: no name foundFamily: Teloschistaceae Slo.: no name foundDat.: May 4. 2019Lat.: 45.07642 Long.: 14.43666Code: Bot_1191/2019_DSC5217 Habitat: Sub-Mediterranean macchia; calcareous, skeletal ground, slightly inclined hill slope, west aspect; dry, sunny place; average precipitations ~ 1.000 mm/year, average temperature 13-14 deg C, elevations 65 m (215 feet), Sub-Mediterranean phytogeographical region.Substratum: small (diameter of less than 8 mm), dead but also alive twigs of Phillyrea latifolia.Place: West island Krk, west of village Brzac, along the trail to the sea shore, Kvarner archipelago, Rijeka region, Croatia EC. Comment: Cosmopolitan species Blastenia ferruginea is tiny but beautifully colored when wet (as many other members of Caloplaca genus). The species is traditionally known under its name Caloplaca ferruginea, but according to Index Fungorum its current name is Blastenia ferruginea. At first I thought the find belongs to genus Ramboldia (eventually Ramboldia russula), but spores are typically polarilocular, which is characteristic for genus Caloplaca and allied. The lichen was found on the branches of the same bush as Teloschistes chrysophthalmus (L.) Th. Fr. Blastenia ferruginea seems to be a rare species. Smith et al. (2009) (Ref.:1) states that it is scarce and decreasing and has now (2009) probably disappeared from Central Europe. It is not yet listed in the Boletus Informaticus and Mycotheca of the Forestry institute of Slovenia although some records for my country are listed in Ref.6.Spores polarilocular, smooth. Dimensions: (11,2) 11,6 - 15,4 (15,8) (6,6) 6,9 - 10,1 (10,7) m Q = (1,3) 1,4 - 1,85 (1,9); N = 25; Me = 13,8 8,7 m; Qe = 1,6. Isthmus (connection between both locules) thickness: (3,2) 3,3 - 6,6 (8) m; N = 23; Me = 5,3. Asci dimensions approximately 56 x 13.5 m.Ref.:(1) C.W.Smith, et all, The lichens of Great Britain and Ireland, The British Lichen Society,(2009), p 261.(2) V. Wirth, Die Flechten Baden-Wrttembergs, Teil.1., Ulmer (1995), p 212. (3) I.M. Brodo, S.D. Sharnoff, S.Sharnoff, Lichens of North America, Yale Uni. Press (2001), p 195. (4)
lichenportal.org/cnalh/taxa/index.php?taxon=135488&cl... (accessed Nov. 21. 2019)(5)
www.afl-lichenologie.fr/Photos_AFL/Photos_AFL_C/Caloplaca... (accessed Nov. 21. 2019) (6)
members.chello.at/johannes.pruegger/uni/slovenia/ (accessed Nov. 23. 2019)
-
Florida, United States
-
Caloplaca ochracea (Schaer.) Flagey; syn.: Xanthocarpia ochracea (Schaer.) A. Massal. & De Not., Blastenia ochracea (Schaer.) Trevis., Callopisma ochraceum (Schaer.) A. Massal., Gyalecta tetrasticha (Nyl.) Jatta, Lecidea ochracea Schaer., Triophthalmidium tetrasticha (Nyl.) Gyeln., Placodium tetrastichum (Nyl.) H. Olivier, Biatora aurantiaca var. ochracea (Schaer.) RabenhEN. No name found, DE: no name foundSI: no name found Dat.: March 8. 2018Lat.: 46.36052 Long.: 13.702906Code: Bot_1114/2018_DSC1066 Habitat: stony fence dividing former mountain pastures; scattered trees and bushes around; slightly inclined terrain, southeast aspect; colluvial, calcareous ground; quite sunny, dry place; elevation 600 m (1.950 feet); average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 7-9 deg C, alpine phytogeographical region. Substratum: inclined surface of limestone rock.Place: Lower Trenta valley, right bank of river Soa; between villages Soa and Trenta; near Trenta 2b cottage, East Julian Alps, Posoje, Slovenia EC. Comment: Caloplaca ochracea is a conspicuous saxicolous lichen because of its bright colored thallus. However, genus Caloplaca includes many species and several have yellow thallus and apothecia. Looking at spores seems necessary for a reliable determination. Mature, released spores have not been found. Instead those released by pressure during preparation of hymenium squash are shown and measured. Their dimensions fit to expectations, but they were of much variable internal structure. Most of them were 4-loculate, some of them also with for Caloplaca ochracea typical narrow channel-like loculi between both terminal ones. Asci were 4-spored, which fits to Caloplaca ochracea. Thallus and apothecia K+ crimson.Spores smooth, thick walled, most of them 4-loculate. Dimensions: (11) 12 - 18 (18,5) (5,5) 5,8 - 7,4 (7,5) m; Q = (1,9) 1,95 - 2,55 (2,6); N = 13; Me = 14,9 6,5 m. Olympus CH20; NEA 40x/0.65, magnification 400x; in water, fresh material. Asci about 60 x 13 m, clavate, 4-spored. Paraphyses with septa having thickened, rounded ends; up to 5 m in diameter at the end. AmScope MA500 digital camera. Picture 15 shows herbarium specimen; Novex, Zoom Stereo RZ_Range, Holland.Ref.:(1) V. Wirth, Die Flechten Baden-Wrttembergs, Teil.1., Ulmer (1995), p 235. (2) F.S. Dobson, Lichens, The Richmonds Publishing Ca.LTD (2005), p 106. (3) C.W.Smith, et all, The lichens of Great Britain and Ireland,The British Lichen Society,(2009), p 268. (4)
www.afl-lichenologie.fr/Photos_AFL/Photos_AFL_C/Caloplaca... (accessed March 29. 2018)
-
2010.05.09 Austria, Upper Austria, district Freistadt (925 m AMSL).Not too common.ID: Wirth/Dll, Flechten und Moose (2000); I thought it is Cladonia macilenta but now I am not so sure, there are a couple of others with red fruit who are similar enough, so downgraded to genus classification
-
-
2010-05-14 Lower Austria, district Bruck/Leitha (Steingschirr, 190 m AMSL).Here at least two lichen species are present (probably more?): Xanthoria parietina (yellow) and some Physcia, possibly Ph. stellaris (not quite identifiable by photo alone).German names: Gewhnliche Gelbflechte (X. parietina) & (Stern?)-Schwielenflechte (Physcia)
-
-
Blastenia ferruginea (Huds.) A. Massal., syn.; Caloplaca ferruginea (Huds.) Th. Fr., (+ about 40 other names according to IF)EN: no name found, DE: no name foundFamily: Teloschistaceae Slo.: no name foundSUBSTRATUMDat.: May 4. 2019Lat.: 45.07642 Long.: 14.43666Code: Bot_1191/2019_DSC5217 Habitat: Sub-Mediterranean macchia; calcareous, skeletal ground, slightly inclined hill slope, west aspect; dry, sunny place; average precipitations ~ 1.000 mm/year, average temperature 13-14 deg C, elevations 65 m (215 feet), Sub-Mediterranean phytogeographical region.Substratum: small (diameter of less than 8 mm), dead but also alive twigs of Phillyrea latifolia.Place: West island Krk, west of village Brzac, along the trail to the sea shore, Kvarner archipelago, Rijeka region, Croatia EC. Comment: Cosmopolitan species Blastenia ferruginea is tiny but beautifully colored when wet (as many other members of Caloplaca genus). The species is traditionally known under its name Caloplaca ferruginea, but according to Index Fungorum its current name is Blastenia ferruginea. At first I thought the find belongs to genus Ramboldia (eventually Ramboldia russula), but spores are typically polarilocular, which is characteristic for genus Caloplaca and allied. The lichen was found on the branches of the same bush as Teloschistes chrysophthalmus (L.) Th. Fr. Blastenia ferruginea seems to be a rare species. Smith et al. (2009) (Ref.:1) states that it is scarce and decreasing and has now (2009) probably disappeared from Central Europe. It is not yet listed in the Boletus Informaticus and Mycotheca of the Forestry institute of Slovenia although some records for my country are listed in Ref.6.Spores polarilocular, smooth. Dimensions: (11,2) 11,6 - 15,4 (15,8) (6,6) 6,9 - 10,1 (10,7) m Q = (1,3) 1,4 - 1,85 (1,9); N = 25; Me = 13,8 8,7 m; Qe = 1,6. Isthmus (connection between both locules) thickness: (3,2) 3,3 - 6,6 (8) m; N = 23; Me = 5,3. Asci dimensions approximately 56 x 13.5 m.Ref.:(1) C.W.Smith, et all, The lichens of Great Britain and Ireland, The British Lichen Society,(2009), p 261.(2) V. Wirth, Die Flechten Baden-Wrttembergs, Teil.1., Ulmer (1995), p 212. (3) I.M. Brodo, S.D. Sharnoff, S.Sharnoff, Lichens of North America, Yale Uni. Press (2001), p 195. (4)
lichenportal.org/cnalh/taxa/index.php?taxon=135488&cl... (accessed Nov. 21. 2019)(5)
www.afl-lichenologie.fr/Photos_AFL/Photos_AFL_C/Caloplaca... (accessed Nov. 21. 2019) (6)
members.chello.at/johannes.pruegger/uni/slovenia/ (accessed Nov. 23. 2019)
-
Christmas, Florida, United States
-
Lobaria pulmonariaLungwort, Lung Lichen, Echte LungenflechteSlo.: navadni pljuarDat.: Sept. 3. 2012Lat.: 46.34563 Long.: 13.73455Code: Bot_653/2012_IMG0954 Habitat: Mixed, old predominantly Picea abies mountain forest, calcareous ground, almost flat terrain, quite humid place, in shade, partly protected from direct rain by tree canopies, average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 2-4 deg C, elevation 1.380 m (4.500 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. Substratum: live Carpinus betulus.Place: Dol pod Plazmi, west of Lepo pije ridge, East Julian Alps, Posoje, Slovenia EC Comment: Growing in groups, many species. Several large moist (after rain) thalli with isidia, soralia as well as with fairly rare apothecia in Europe. The tree trunk was covered by the lichen from ground to up to 4 m (12 feet) above the ground. Peltigera sp. present on the same trunk. Ref.:(1) I.M. Brodo, S.D. Sharnoff, S.Sharnoff, Lichens of North America, Yale Uni. Press (2001), p 417.(2) V. Wirth, Die Flechten Baden-Wuerttembergs, Vol.2. Ulmer (1995), p 563.(3) F.S. Dobson, Lichens, The Richmonds Publishing Ca.LTD (2005), p 255.
-
Castel Fusano, Lazio, Italy