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Lactarius salmonicolorSlo.: lososova sirovka Dat.: Oct. 08. 2012Lat.: 46.42911 Long.: 13.61802Code: Bot_666/2012_DSC5593Habitat: Dense mixed forest of young Picea abies, Abies alba, Larix decidua and Fagus Sylvatica, flat terrain, calcareous bedrock, probably acid soil, in shade (little ground vegetation), humid place, partly protected from direct rain by tree canopies, average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 2-4 deg C, elevation 1.410 m (4.625 feet), alpine phytogeographical region.Substratum: soil.Place: Mt. Mangart region, 500 m northeast of Mt. Planja, 1.553 m, near forest road to the foot of Mt. Mali vrh, 1.991 m, Loka Koritnica valley, East Julian Alps, Posoje, Slovenia EC Comments: Growing solitary and in groups, many species, pileus diameter up to 14 cm, stem up to 7 cm tall; taste pleasant at the beginning, then slowly turning slightly burning, smell pleasant mushroomy, flesh quite brittle, milk orange-red at the beginning then turns beep blood red, SP creamy oac(857).Spores warty with ornamentation. Dimensions: 9.2 (SD = 0.4) x 7.5 (SD = 0.4) micr., Q = 1.22 (SD = 0.07), n = 28 . Olympus CH20 (Motic B2-211A), NEA 100x/1.25, magnification 1.000 x, oil, in water. Ref.:(1) R.M. Daehncke, 1200 Pilze in Farbfotos, AT Verlag (2009), p 950. (2) R.Phillips, Mushrooms, Macmillan (2006), p 65. (3) M.Bon, Parey's Buch der Pilze, Kosmos (2005), p 80. (4) S.Buczacki, Collins Fungi Guide, Collins (2012), p 282.
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Hygrocybe pratensis syn.: Cuphophyllus pratensis, Hygrophorus pratensisMeadow Waxy CapSlo.: travnika tratnicaDat.: Oct. 20. 2010Lat.: 46.33209 Long.: 13.68841Code: Bot_472/2010_DSC5986 Habitat: Unimproved grassland, northeast oriented slope, calcareous ground, mostly sunny, exposed to direct rain, average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 6-8 deg C, elevations 615 m (2.000 feet), alpine phytogeographical region.Substratum: grassland soil. Place: Vrsnik valley, at the foot of Mt. rni vrh, 1.544 m (5.064 feet), East Julian Alps, Posoje, Slovenia EC Comments: growing scattered or solitary; pileus dry; taste and smell mild, undistinctive; SP white; pileus diameter 6 (9) cm (2.3 (3.5) inch). Spore dimensions: 6,6 (SD = 0,5) x 4,6 (SD = 0,3) micr., Q = 1,42 (SD = 0,10), n = 30. Ref.: (1) D. Boertmann, Hygrocybe, 2nd Rev., Svampetryk (2010), p 46(2) M.Bon, Parey's Buch der Pilze, Kosmos (2005), p 102(3) Personal communication with Mr. Bojan Rot,
www.gobenabovskem.si .(4)
www.mushroomexpert.com/hygrocybe_pratensis.html .(5)
www.grzyby.pl/gatunki/Hygrocybe_pratensis.htm .
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Xerocomus chrysenteronRed Cracking Bolete, DE: Echter RotfussrhrlingSlo.: rdeebetna polstenkaDat.: Oct. 09. 2013Lat.: 46.39815 Long.: 13.70048Code: Bot_759/2013_DSC8543Habitat: Mixed forest, Picea abies and Fagus sylvatica dominant, almost flat terrain, on overgrown alluvial deposits, calcareous ground; full shade, humid place, partly protected from direct rain by tree canopies; average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 4-6 deg C, elevation 1.000 m (3.300 feet), alpine phytogeographical region.Substratum: on lightly overgrown soil under Picea abies near its roots.Place: Zadnja Trenta valley, left bank of (mostly) dry Soa river bed, north of Bavki Grintavec mountain, East Julian Alps, Posoje, Slovenia EC Comments: This very beautiful mushroom was growing solitary; pileus diameter 9 cm; taste and smells faint; SP faint, brown, oac839. No typical red cracks on pileus surface observed. This species is considered very variable. Red stipe and cracked pileus surface with red context seen in the cracks seem to be two most distinctive traits of this bolete, however, they may also be totally absent.Spores smooth. Dimensions: 16.0 (SD= 1.3) x 5.1 (SD= 0.3) , Q= 3.1 (SD= 0.2), n= 30. Olympus CH20, NEA 100x/1.25, magnification 1.000 x, oil, in water. AmScope MA500 digital camera.Herbarium: Mycotheca and lichen herbarium (LJU-Li) of Slovenian Forestry Institute, Vena pot 2, Ljubljana, Index Herbariorum LJFRef.:(1) G. Kibby, British Boletes, Copyright Geoffrey Kibby (2011), p 47. (2) R.M. Daehncke, 1200 Pilze in Farbfotos, AT Verlag (2009), p 46. (3) R. Lueder, Grundkurs Pilzbestimmung, Quelle & Meyer (2008), p 163. (4) M. Bon, Parey's Buch der Pilze, Kosmos (2005), p 42. (5) S. Buczacki, Collins Fungi Guide, Collins (2012), p 396. (6) Personal communication with Mr. Bojan Rot,
www.gobenabovskem.com
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Oudemansiella mucidaPorcelain Mushroom, Poached Egg fungus, Beringter SchleimrueblingSlo.: sluzasta irokolistkaDat.: Sept. 30. 2009Lat.: 46.33494 Long.: 13.53047Code: Bot_386/2009-5213Habitat: Mixed, predominantly hardwood woodland, southwest oriented hill slope, cretaceous clastic rock (flysh), rain protected by trees canopies, mostly in shade, precipitations ~3.000 mm/year, average temperature 8-10 deg C, elevation 440 m (1.450 feet), alpine phytogeographical region.Substratum: Thick dead branch of Fagus Sylvatica on ground.Place: West of Bovec, near the trail to Pluna village, East Julian Alps, Posoje, Slovenia EC Comment: Spore dimensions: 15,9 (SD=1,4) x 14,9 (SD=1,1) micr., Q=1,08 (SD=0,04), n= 12.Ref.:(1) M.Bon, Pareys Buch der Pilze, Kosmos (2005), p 170(2) R.M.Daehncke, 1200 Pilze in Farbfotos, AT Verlag (2009), p xx(3)
www.grzyby.pl/gatunki/Oudemansiella_mucida.htm (4)
www.rogersmushrooms.com/gallery/DisplayBlock~bid~6555~sou...
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Postia caesia (Schrad.: Fr.) Karst, syn.: Oligoporus caesius (Schrad.: Fr.) Gilbn.& Ryv., Tyromyces caesius (Schrad.: Fr.) Murr.Conifer Bluing Bracket, Blauer SaftporlingSlo.: modri skutovecDat.: Oct. 11. 2015Lat.: 46.36014 Long.: 13.70286Code: Bot_918/2015_DSC9292Habitat: on a large pile of Picea abies cut off trunks and thrown away rotten timber; in light mixed wood, Picea abies, Ostrya carpinifolia and Fagus sylvatica dominant trees; slightly inclined mountain slope, south aspect; calcareous, skeletal ground; in shade; moderately dry and relatively warm place; partly protected from direct rain by tree canopies; average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 7-9 deg C, elevation 595 m (1.950 feet), alpine phytogeographical region.Substratum: on a cut-off surface of a dead trunk of Picea abies; partly debarked; in late initial stage of disintegration.Place: Lower Trenta valley, right bank of river Soa, between villages Soa and Trenta, below of 'Na melu' place; south of cottage Trenta 2b, East Julian Alps, Posoje, Slovenia EC Comments: Growing in two small groups of partly fuzzed pilei; the largest pileus dimensions 4.8 x 2.5 cm, tube layer up to 5 mm thick; trama up to 3 mm thick; smell mild, mushroomy; taste mild, mushroomy, after some time slightly unpleasant; flesh soft; 5% KOH on pore layer gray-blue-green, on hut surface gray-green; SP abundant, whitish-grayish with a blue tint, oac305. Spores smooth, cylindrical and allantoid. 4,7 [5,2 ; 5,4] 5,9 x 1,4 [1,6 ; 1,7] 2 microns; Q = 2,5 [3,1 ; 3,3] 3,8; N = 35; C = 95%; Me = 5,3 x 1,7 microns; Qe = 3,2. Olympus CH20, NEA 100x/1.25, magnification 1.000 x, oil, in water. AmScope MA500 digital camera. Herbarium: Mycotheca and lichen herbarium (LJU-Li) of Slovenian Forestry Institute, Vena pot 2, Ljubljana, Index Herbariorum LJFRef.:(1) A.Bernicchia, Polyporaceaes.l., Fungi Europaei Vol.10., Edizioni Candusso (2005), p 332. (2) S. Buczacki, Collins Fungi Guide, Collins (2012), p 490. (3) M. Bon, Parey's Buch der Pilze, Kosmos (2005), p 316. (4) R. Phillips, Mushrooms, Macmillan (2006), p 313. (5) G.J. Krieglsteiner (Hrsg.), Die Grosspilze Baden-Wrttembergs, Band 1, Ulmer (2000), p 548. (6) L. Ryvarden, R.L. Gilbertson, European Polypores, part 2., Synopsis Fungorum 7., Fungiflora A/S (1994), p 435.
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Photographed in Manning Park, British Columbia, Canada
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Castel Fusano, Lazio, Italy
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Clavulina cinereaGray Coral, Graue KoralleSlo.:siva grivaaDat.: Nov. 14. 2013Lat.: 46.38445 Long.: 13.75013Code: Bot_774/2013_DSC9321Habitat: Mixed wood over calcareous rocks and boulders, Picea abies and Fagus sylvatica dominant; growing under Picea abies, at the foot of east oriented, moderately steep mountain slope, mostly in shade, humid place, partly protected from direct rain by tree canopies, average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 7-9 deg C, elevation 690 m ( 2.250 feet), alpine phytogeographical region.Substratum: forest soil containing lot of rotten Picea abies needles and wood debris, probably locally acid ground (Erica carnea present)Place: Upper Trenta valley, right bank of river Soa, 'Soka pot' trail, upstream of the confluence of river Krajcarca and Soa, East Julian Alps, Posoje, Slovenia EC Comments: Growing in groups; over ten fruit bodies present. Overall dimensions up to 7 x 5 cm; generally gray fruit bodies have a slight pink-violet tint like oac634 but darker; bruising dirty brown when handled; taste mild, may be slightly bitter after a while; smell indistinctive, flesh quite brittle, SP abundant, yellow, oac856.Spores smooth with one big oil drop. Dimensions:8.5 (SD= 0.5) x 7.2 (SD= 0.4) , Q = 1.18 (SD = 0.07), n = 30. Olympus CH20, NEA 100x/1.25, magnification 1.000 x, oil; in water. AmScope MA500 digital camera.Herbarium: Mycotheca and lichen herbarium (LJU-Li) of Slovenian Forestry Institute, Vena pot 2, Ljubljana, Index Herbariorum LJFRef.:(1) D. Arora, Mushrooms Demystified, Ten Speed Press, Berkeley (1986), p 641. (2) M. Bon, Parey's Buch der Pilze, Kosmos (2005), p 308. (3) W.Rothmaler, Exkursionsflora von Deutschland, Vol.1, Niedere Pflanzen, Elsevier, 3.Auflage, (1994), p 366. (4) S. Buczacki, Collins Fungi Guide, Collins (2012), p 456. 9-12/8-10(5) R. Phillips, Mushrooms, Macmillan (2006), p 344. (6) G.J. Krieglsteiner (Hrsg.), Die Grosspilze Bade-Wrttembergs, Band 2, Ulmer (2000), p 53.
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On Rubus fruiticosus agg leaves
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Tulostoma fimbriatum Fr., syn.: Tulostoma granulosum LeveilleFringed Stalkball, DE: Gewimperte StielbovistSlo.: resasti puharDat.: Sept. 25. 2015Lat.: 46.36021 Long.: 13.70228Code: Bot_914/2015_DSC9243Habitat: growing from crevices among limestone rocks of a dry wall forming border of a pasture; mosses, Asplenium trichomanes, Asplenium ruta-muraria, Geranium macrorrhizum, Geranium robertianum, Sedum album also growing on the wall; about 1 m above ground level; half sunny, dry place, south aspect; partly under a large Tilia cordata canopy; partly protected from direct rain by it; average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 7 - 9 deg C, elevation 600 m (2.000 feet), alpine phytogeographical regionSubstratum: small amount of mixture of sandy soil and raw humus plus mosses among limestone rocks.Place: Lower Trenta valley, right bank of river Soa between villages Soa and Trenta, 'Na melu' place near cottage Trenta 2b, East Julian Alps, Posoje, Slovenia EC Comments: Spore sac subglobose, diameter 11 mm, height 9.5 mm; peridium quite firm, with granular surface (adhering grains) particularly at the bottom of it; much of spore material has already gone (seems an older sporocarp); peridium hole almost without projecting peristome, irregular, with fibrous edge, no darker hallo around it; stalk 55 mm long, spindle shaped, diameter 3.5 mm at the apex and 5 mm max at about 1/3 of its height, tough and hard, not pliant, very coarsely fibrous; fruitbody no smell, taste not tested; volva almost absent; capillitium hypha abundant, long, firm, elastic, thick walled, branched, rough on several places, septa rare, no clamps observed, hypha not much inflated at the septa; crystals very rare (if at all present); spore on mass and SP rusty-brown, oac684. Fruitbody was growing solitary.There are two species of genus Tulostoma listed in Slovenian check list of fungi - Tulostoma brumale and Tulostoma fimbriatum. The most common species of this genus is Tulostoma brumale, but observed traits apparently do not fit to it. This observation has very indistinctive volva (just a few brown scales), fruitbody has almost no projecting peristome and brownish hallo around it, crystals have been barely seen (if at all?), spores are too large and hypha at the septa is not or only slightly inflated (not strongly as for Tulostoma brumale according to Ref.:3 and others). Apparently macro- and microscopic traits fit well to Tulostoma fimbriatum. Habitat seems at first a bit strange (usually found on sandy soil and dunes) but Ref.:1. explicitly states also ' ... solitary also on old walls made of calcareous rocks...'. The only thing, which puzzles me, is spore surface. Shape and size if the spores agree with expectations reasonably well, however, all sources agree that their surface should be (minutely?) warty. My observations barely show 'warts'. Actually spores look like slightly polygonal, some warts can be seen here and there, but some spores seem also completely smooth (not in focus?). This could be due to my poor equipment and experience or the warts are very low, or they can be seen only if colored, or the spores are not yet mature (doesn't seem the case according to the condition of the fruitbody), or possibly this is not Tulostoma fimbriatum. Spores subglobose and variably shaped. Dimensions: 4.5 [5.2 ; 5.5] 6.2 x 4 [4.6 ; 4.8] 5.4 microns; Q = 0.9 [1.1 ; 1.2] 1.4; N = 40 ; C = 95%; Me = 5.4 x 4.7 microns; Qe = 1.2. Hypha diameter: 2.9 [4 ; 4.5] 5.6 microns; N = 29 ; C = 95%; Me = 4.2 microns (Ref.:2. 3 - 6 microns). Olympus CH20, NEA 100x/1.25, magnification 1.000 x, oil (spores, septa); NEA 40x/0.65, magnification 400x (hypha), in water. AmScope MA500 digital camera.Herbarium: Mycotheca and lichen herbarium (LJU-Li) of Slovenian Forestry Institute, Vena pot 2, Ljubljana, Index Herbariorum LJFRef.:(1) R.M. Daehncke, 1200 Pilze in Farbfotos, AT Verlag (2009), p 1096. (2) J. Breitenbach, F. Kraenzlin, Eds., Fungi of Switzerland, Vol.2. Verlag Mykologia (1986), p 396.(3) G.J. Krieglsteiner (Hrsg.), Die Grosspilze Baden-Wrttembergs, Band 2., Ulmer (2000), p 181. (4) W. Rothmaler, Exkursionsflora von Deutschland, Vol.1, Niedere Pflanzen, Elsevier, 3. Auflage (1994), p 511.(5) M.Bon, Parey'sBuch der Pilze, Kosmos (2005), p 300. (6) S.Buczacki, Collins Fungi Guide, Collins (2012), p 444.
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Staughton Vale, Victoria, Australia
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Villaggio Mirastelle, Abruzzi, Italy
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Chartali, Dushetis Raioni, Georgia
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Bovista sp.
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/2.0/
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Castel Fusano, Lazio, Italy
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Magnificent host of the fungi!Trametes pubescens (Schumach.: Fr.) Pilt, syn.: Coriolus pubescens (Schumach.: Fr.) Murr.DE: Samtige TrameteSlo.: puhasta ploskocevkaDat.: Nov. 17. 2015Lat.: 46.40365 Long.: 13.74211Code: Bot_927/2015_DSC9883Habitat: mixed wood, Fagus sylvatica, Picea abies, dominant trees with some Larix decidua and Fraxinus excelsior; steep mountain slope, west aspect, however in shade of mountains during winter months; rather cool and humid place; calcareous ground; partly protected from direct rain by tree canopies; average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 5 - 6 deg C, elevation 790 (2.600 feet), alpine phytogeographical region.Substratum: large, very old Fagus sylvatica, the tree is still alive, but fungus is growing on partly dead part of it, still in bark.Place: Zadnja Trenta valley; at the border of Forest reserve Kukla; about 100 m southwest of the memorial of Dr. Julius Kugy, poet and mountaineer of Julian Alps; near switchback no.48 of Vri alpine road, East Julian Alps, Posoje, Slovenia EC.Comments: This find has posed very interesting challenges for determination. Several options have been considered but apparently none fit to the find. Experts have been consulted but no definite solution found. Finally a sample has been sent to Dr. Leif Ryvarden, University of Oslo who determined it as Trametes pubescens. Many thanks to all involved in the problem solving - Dr. Nikica Ogris and Andrej Piltaver, Slovenian Forestry Institute, Bojan Rot, Bovec, Branko Vrhovnik, Horjul and specially to Prof. Ryvarden for his final determination.The main source of identification problems is probably very untypical shape of the pilei. Trametes pubescens has usually relatively thin pilei. According to the key of genus Trametes given in Krieglsteiner (2000), p585 the pilei are about 0.5 (1) cm thick, Ryvarden (2014), p417 states: "... Basidiocarps thin ... context up to 5 mm ... pore layer up to 4 mm thick..." and Bernicchia (2005), p535 gives " ... context 3-5 mm and pore layer 1-5 mm thick... ". The pilei found were up to 5 cm thick and in most cases triquetrous in cross-section. Also spores are significantly longer than normally expected.Growing in a few groups on the same part of a large tree; altogether more than 200 pilei present; majority of them laterally confluent, imbricate, some single; some effuse-reflexed, most of them triquetrous in cross-section; pilei dimensions: 8-10(16) x 4-5(6.5) cm and 2.5-5 cm thick; pore layer up to 8 mm thick; context of very low specific weight, corky, similar to dry Piptoporus betulinus; when dry quite firm, brittle, brakes to pieces; smell (of almost dry pilei) very mild but distinctive on what? ; taste indistinctive at the beginning, after a while mild and interesting, again on what?; 5% KOH reaction on context and pileus surface yellow-ocher with orange tint, on pores the same color but less distinctive; SP scarce, but distinctive (after making pilei moist and at 18-20 deg C), whitish-beige, oac851; fungi causing white root according to analysis of the wood made at the Forestry Institute of Slovenia.Spore dimensions determined twice from SP of different pilei. First measurement (pilei taken on Nov. 18. 2015): 7 [7.8; 8] 8.8 x 2 [2.4; 2.5] 2.9 microns; Q = 2.6 [3.2; 3.4] 3.9; N = 49; C = 95%; Me = 7.9 x 2.4 microns; Qe = 3.3. Second measurement (pilei taken on Nov. 23. 2015): 6.1 [7.3; 7.6] 8.9 x 2 [2.3; 2.4] 2.8 microns; Q = 2.5 [3.1; 3.2] 3.9 ; N = 62 ; C = 95%; Me = 7.5 x 2.4 microns; Qe = 3.2. Basidia clavate, dimensions: 14.2 [15.8; 17.7] 19.4 x 4.1 [5; 6.1] 7 microns; Q = 2.3 [2.8; 3.3] 3.8; N = 8; C = 95%; Me = 16.8 x 5.5 microns; Qe = 3.1. Hyphal system trimitic. Olympus CH20, NEA 100x/1.25, magnification 1.000 x, oil, in water, aniline blue; in vivo. AmScope MA500 digital camera.Herbarium: Mycotheca and lichen herbarium (LJU-Li) of Slovenian Forestry Institute, Vena pot 2, Ljubljana, Index Herbariorum LJFRef.:(1) Id'ed by Dr. Leif Ryvarden, University of Oslo.(2) G.J. Krieglsteiner (Hrsg.), Die Grosspilze Baden-Wrttembergs, Band 1., Ulmer (2000), p 589.(3) L. Ryvarden, I. Melo, Poroid fungi of Europe, Synopsis Fungorum 31., Fungiflora (2014), p 417. (4) A. Bernicchia, Polyporaceae s.l., Fungi Europaei, Vol. 10., Edizioni Candusso (2005), p 535. (5) S. Buczacki, Collins Fungi Guide, Collins (2012), p 509.
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suotattiAsikkala, Finland2009-09-18
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Castel Fusano, Lazio, Italy
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Tectella patellaris, Syn.: Tectella operculata, Panus operculatusVeiled Oyster , Klebriger SchleierseitlingSlo.: zastrta pogaicaDat.: Dec.06. 2011Lat.: 46.33411 Long.: 13.52978Code: Bot_580/2011_IMG7992 Habitat: Mixed forest, deciduous trees dominant, flat terrain, cretaceous clastic rock (flysh) bedrock, in shade, relatively moist place, partly protected from direct rain by tree canopies, average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 8-10 deg C, elevations 410 m (1.350 feet), alpine phytogeographical region.Substratum: dead branch of Corylus avelana laying on ground. The same branch infected also with Plicaturopsis crispa and Tremella mesenterica.Place: Bovec basin, west of Bovec, near the trail from station A of the Kanin cable car to village Pluna, East Julian Alps, Posoje, Slovenia EC Comments: Growing in a group of many fruitbodies. Partial veil visible on young mushrooms as well as on mature ones. The partial veil on a steamless agarics is very unusual. Cuticle of pileus sticky, with a thick gelatinous layer, which can be separated from pileus. Cap width from 0.8 cm (0.3 inch) to 1.8 cm (0.7 inch). Taste indistinctive, smell distinctive, aromatic, on ?. SP whitish, faint.Spore dimensions: 4.2 (SD = 0.3) x 1.4 (SD = 0.1) micr., Q = 3.1 (SD = 0.25), n = 30.Ref.:(1)
www.svims.ca/council/Pleuro.htm . (2)
www.mycobank.org/MycoTaxo.aspx?Link=T&Rec=445571 . (3) G.J.Krieglsteiner (Hrsg.), Die Grosspilze Bade-Wrttembergs, Band 3, Ulmer (2001), p 520. (4)
www.mycoquebec.org/bas.php?trie=28&l=g&nom=Tectella operculata / Pan en assiette&tag=Tectella operculata&gro=28 (5)
www.tintling.ch/fachbeitraege/panellus_schmitt.htm . (6)
www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1878614610000875
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Castel Fusano, Lazio, Italy
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