-
-
-
Slo.: rjasti pluta - syn.: Phellinus ferruginosus, Polyporus ferruginosus - Habitat: Trees overgrown former grassland; dominant species Ailanthus altissima, Fraxinus ornus, Corylus avellana, Fagus sylvatica, Juglans regia, Tilia sp., Prunus domestica; next to an abandoned farmhouse; flat terrain, calcareous ground; full shade, quite humid and relatively warm place, partly protected from direct rain by tree canopies; average precipitation ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 7-9 deg C, elevation 590 m (1.950 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. - Substratum: vertical surface of dead, still standing trunk of Juglans regia partly still in bark. - Comments: Fungus growing on either side of partly peeling off bark of the tree, as well as on already decorticated surface of the trunk (less intensive); fungus was spreading on almost 2 m (7 feet) of the trunk height and in some places all around it. Trunk diameter about 50-60 cm; trama corky; smell indistinctive on rooting wood or earth; 5% KOH reaction on pore and sterile surfaces black; SP very faint, possibly whitish ? - Spores smooth. Dimensions: 5.5 (SD = 0.2) x 3.5 (SD = 0.2) , Q = 1.56 (SD = 0.08), n = 30. Olympus CH20, NEA 100x/1.25, magnification 1.000 x, oil. Hymenial setae dimensions 43 (SD = 6.4) x 7.8 (SD = 0.7) , n = 29; generative hypha diameter 2.4 (SD = 0.2) , n = 6; skeletal hyphae diameter: 3.6 (SD = 0.6) , n = 6; setal hypha diameter 8.6 (SD = 0.7) , n = 6; NEA 40x/0.65, magnification 400x, in water, congo red. AmScope MA500 digital camera. - Picture captions: _1M Spores. _2M Spores' statistics and comparison with data from literature. _3M Mostly subulate hymenial setae. _4M Probably a piece of setal hypha. _5M Hyphal system (as far as my understanding allows). Green arrow - generative hypha, violet arrow - skeletal hypha and red arrow - a fraction of setal hyphae. _6M Pore transversal cross-section with abundant hymenial setae projecting well above hymenium. _7M Hymenial setae length statistic and comparison with data from literature. - Herbarium: Mycotheca and lichen herbarium (LJU-Li) of Slovenian Forestry Institute, Vena pot 2, Ljubljana, Index Herbariorum LJF - Ref.: (1) L. Ryvarden, R.L. Gilbertson, European Polypores, part 2., Synopsis Fungorum 7., Fungiflora A/S (1994), p 486. (2) A. Bernicchia, Polyporaceae s.l., Fungi Europaei, Vol. 10., Edizioni Candusso (2005), p 407. (3) G.J. Krieglsteiner (Hrsg.), Die Grosspilze Baden-Wrttembergs, Band 5., Ulmer (2000), p 451. (4) J. Breitenbach, F. Kraenzlin, Eds., Fungi of Switzerland, Vol.2. Verlag Mykologia (1984), p258. (5) Lowe, J.L. 1966. Polyporaceae of North America. The genus Poria. State University College of Forestry at Syracuse University. 90:1-183, available at www.mycobank.org.
-
Slide 1 of 2
-
-
-
Slo.: hrastov blazinec - Habitat: Light mixed wood edge, Fagus sylvatica, Picea abies, Ostrya carprinifolia, Fraxinus ornus, Corylus avellana dominant; modestly southeast inclined terrain; calcareous ground, overgrown old scree and rocks; relatively dry and warm place; mostly in shade; partly protected from direct rain by tree canopies, average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 7-9 deg C, elevation 615 m (2.000 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. - Substratum: still standing dry branch of Corylus avellana still in bark and about 3.5 cm in diameter; sporocarp about 1 m (3 feet) above ground. - Comments: This quite rare Polyporaceae was growing solitary in a form of three 'pilei-like' clumps fused together, all three together measured 6 x 2.5 cm and were max 1 cm thick; flesh hard, brittle, fibrous; smell indistinctive; sporocarps photographed in still moist, apparently alive condition; SP none - I have no good luck regarding spores with this species. KOH 5% on trama chestnut brown, on pores surface weak darkening. - Herbarium: Mycotheca and lichen herbarium (LJU-Li) of Slovenian Forestry Institute, Vena pot 2, Ljubljana, Index Herbariorum LJF - Ref.: (1) L. Ryvarden, R.L. Gilbertson, European Polypores, Fungiflora, Vol.1. (1993), p 238. (2) J. Breitenbach, F. Kraenzlin, Eds., Fungi of Switzerland, Vol.2. Verlag Mykologia (1984), p 282. (3) G.J. Krieglsteiner (Hrsg.), Die Grosspilze Baden-Wrttembergs, Band 1, Ulmer (2000), p 608. (4) R. Phillips, Mushrooms, Macmillan (2006), p 315. (5) A. Bernicchia, Polyporaceae s.l., Edizioni Candusso (2005), p 201. (6) Personal communication with Mr. Bojan Rot, www.gobenabovskem.com
-
Slo.: oranna pokrivaa - Habitat: Young mixed forest, former pasture, flat terrain, calcareous ground, in shade, partly protected from direct rain by tree canopies, average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 7-9 deg C, elevation 600 m (2.000 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. - Substratum: dead but still standing branch of Tilia sp. - Comments: Very common species here around; growing effuse-reflex along a length of about 60 cm in several patches up to 4 cm wide; flesh thin (less than 0.5 mm), leathery; with several small downy pilei of a few mm width; SP abundant, white, oac900. - Spores smooth. Dimensions: 7.2(SD= 0.4) x 3.4 (SD= 0.3) , Q= 2.15 (SD= 0.17), n= 30. Olympus CH20 NEA 100x/1.25, magnification 1.000 x, oil, in water. AmScope MA500 digital camera. - Herbarium: Mycotheca and lichen herbarium (LJU-Li) of Slovenian Forestry Institute, Vena pot 2, Ljubljana, Index Herbariorum LJF - Ref.: (1) G.J. Krieglsteiner (Hrsg.), Die Grosspilze Bade-Wrttembergs, Band 1, Ulmer (2000), p 260. (2) A. Bernicchia, S.P. Gorjon, Cortitiaceae s.l., Fungi Europaei Vol.12., Edizioni Candusso (2010), pp 192. (3) S. Buczacki, Collins Fungi Guide, Collins (2012), p 540. (4) I.V. Zmitrovich, W.A. Spirin, S.P. Wasser, Variability of Byssomerulius corium in the Mediterranean. Mycotaxon (2006). 97:83-90, cited by Mycobank
-
-
Slo.: grenki goban - syn. Boletus albidus - Habitat: mixed mountain wood, dominant trees Fagus sylvatica and Picea abies; moderately steep mountain slope, south aspect; calcareous ground; in shade; partly protected from direct rain by tree canopies; average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 3-5 deg C, elevation 1.260 m (4.150 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. Substratum: forest soil. Comments: Texture and color of the upper surface of the hut, rooting stipe, turning blue on bruising and, in particular, very strong bitter taste are typical traits of Boletus radicans. What surprises in this find is reddish coloration of damaged places (by snails) and quite distinctive reddish tones of the stipe. This is unusual with Boletus radicans and causes some doubts in our determination. However, no better alternatives have been found. Growing solitary; pileus diameter 8.5 cm; taste strongly bitter, smell faint, unpleasant; quickly bruising blue-green when handled; SP faint, color indistinguishable. Spores smooth. Dimensions: 12.4 [13.7 ; 14.2] 15.5 x 5 [5.5 ; 5.8] 6.3 microns Q = 2.2 [2.4 ; 2.5] 2.8; N = 34; C = 95%; Me = 14 x 5.6 microns; Qe = 2,5. Olympus CH20, NEA 100x/1.25, magnification 1.000 x, oil; in water. AmScope MA500 digital camera. Herbarium: Mycotheca and lichen herbarium (LJU-Li) of Slovenian Forestry Institute, Vena pot 2, Ljubljana, Index Herbariorum LJF Ref.: (1) Personal communication with Mr. Bojan Rot and (conf.) Mr. Anton Poler. (2) G. Kibby, British Boletes, Copyright Geoffrey Kibby (2011), p 20. (3) R.M. Daehncke, 1200 Pilze in Farbfotos, AT Verlag (2009), p 72. (4) M. Bon, Parey's Buch der Pilze, Kosmos (2005), p 36. (5) S. Buczacki, Collins Fungi Guide, Collins (2012), p 406.
-
Slo.: rjava prasnica - Habitat: Abandoned grassland near mixed wood-side, partly shady, precipitations ~3.000 mm/year, average temperatures 7-9 deg C, altitude 650 m (2.100 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. Substratum: humus ground among grasses
-
-
Slo.: rnomekinasta mraznica - syn.: Armillariella ostoyae Romagn, Armillaria obscura (Schaeff.) Herink, Armilaria polymyces (Pers. ex Gray) Singer & Clemencon - Habitat: A widening of a dirt forest road lightly overgrown with grasses and other green plants, semi ruderal place of former forestry activities; mountain slope, south aspect; relatively warm place; locally flat, calcareous ground with a lot of half buried and buried Picea abies and Fagus sylvatica thrown away wood pieces; sunny, open place, exposed to direct rain; average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 6-7 deg C, elevation 870 m (2.850 feet), alpine phytogeographical region.Substratum: sand and gravel with buried pieces of wood; most probably on Picea abies.Comments: Not so far ago this find would be named Armillaria mellea (s.lat.) (aggregate). This group of very variable mushrooms is, based on inter-fertility tests, now divided into Armillaria borealis, Armillaria cepistipes, Armillaria gallica and Armillaria ostoyae (Ref.:1). Armillaria ostoyae is distinguished from other three species by its relatively dark colors, red-brown hut covered by dark scales, which are denser at its center, but extend just to the edge of the hut (and can be washed off by heavy rains). Also, its distinct, white, felted stipe ring resembles a cogwheel with brown tufted tips of the 'teeth' (see Picture 3. and 6.) This mushroom is a virulent parasite on live trees but continues to grow as a saprophyte on its victims, when they are dead. In my environment it is a rather common species usually found on stumps of Picea abies, often in large to very large colonies. This find shows rather old fruitbodies being unusual regarding their habitat. Several tens of mushrooms were growing virtually on sandy and stony flat surface of a dirt road side. However, closer inspection showed that the ground is full of buried wood, most probably of Picea abies.Mushrooms were growing in several dense, tufted groups of several fruit bodies; pileus diameter about 5 (7) cm; taste unpleasant, smell faint, indistinctive; SP abundant, whitish.Spores smooth. Dimensions: 7.3 [8.4 ; 8.9] 10 x 5.5 [6.2 ; 6.5] 7.2 microns; Q = 1.1 [1.3 ; 1.4] 1.6; N = 40; C = 95%; Me = 8.6 x 6.4 microns; Qe = 1.4. Motic B2-211A, NEA 100x/1.25, magnification 1.000 x, oil, in water, in vivo. AmScope MA500 digital camera.Ref.:(1) G.J. Krieglsteiner (Hrsg.), Die Grosspilze Baden-Wrttembergs, Band 4., Ulmer (2001), p 124.(2) S. Buczacki, Collins Fungi Guide, Collins (2012), p 190. (3) R. Phillips, Mushrooms, Macmillan (2006), p 101. (4) J. Breitenbach, F. Kraenzlin, Eds., Fungi of Switzerland, Vol.4., Verlag Mykologia (2000), p 138. (5) R.M. Daehncke, 1200 Pilze in Farbfotos, AT Verlag (2009), p 68.
-
Slo.: golobija kolobarnica - syn.: Tricholoma album ss. Kuhner & Romagnesi 1953, Gyrophila lasciva (Fr.) Qul. - Habitat: slightly inside light, mixed, unmaintained forest edge with many shrubs; Picea abies, Fagus sylvatica, Corylus avellana, Prunus spinosa, Rubus sp. etc. present; near a small water stream; flat terrain; cretaceous clastic rock (flysh) bedrock with some limestone; humid place, mostly in shade; partly protected from direct rain by tree canopies; average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 8-10 deg C, elevation 460 m (1.500 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. Substratum: soil.Comments: There exist four whitish species with similar habit in the genus Tricholoma: Tricholoma album, Tricholoma columbetta, Tricholoma inamoenum and Tricholoma lascivum. Also nomenclature history of these species is 'difficult'. Hence confusion and misidentifications are frequent. From this reason some experts consider published distribution ranges of these species as questionable. MycoBank (Ref.7) states: 'Real distribution poorly known because of the taxonomic confusion with similar species'.This find was at first (based on habit) recognized as Tricholoma inamoenum. However, measured spore dimensions were much too small. Their dimensions and particularly narrow spores (Q exceeding 1.6) speaks in favor of Tricholoma lascivum. Also other macro traits and habitat seems to fit reasonably well to this determination. On the other hand, Tricholoma album is a symbiont with Betula or Quercus, which were not present in the vicinity. Tricholoma columbetta is practically without odor (Ref. 2 and 3) while the find had strong, unpleasant smell on gas or chemistry. Tricholoma album and Tricholoma columbetta also have somewhat smaller spores, while, Tricholoma inamoenum has significantly larger spores.Description: Several fruitbodies present, some clustered; pilei diameter up to 3 - 7(8) cm; smell strong, unpleasant, on gas or some chemistry; taste not tested; SP abundant, white.Spores smooth. Dimensions: (6) 6,3 - 7,6 (8) x (3,5) 3,8 - 4,5 (4,8) microns; Q = (1,4) 1,5 - 1,9 (2,1); N = 35; Me = 6,9 x 4,1 microns; Qe = 1,7. Olympus CH20, NEA 100x/1.25, magnification 1.000 x, oil (spores); in water; fresh material. AmScope MA500 digital camera.Ref.: (1) C. Bas, Th.W.Kuyper, M.E. Nordeloos, E.C. Vellinga (eds.), Flora Agaricina Neerlandica, A.A. Balkema, Vol.4. (1999), p 145.(2) M.Christensen, J. Heilmann-Clausen, The genus Tricholoma, Fungi of Northern Europe, Vol.4. (2013), p 186.(3) J. Breitenbach, F. Kraenzlin, Eds., Fungi of Switzerland, Vol.3. Verlag Mykologia (1991), p 330.(4) https://www.myko.cz/myko-atlas/Tricholoma-lascivum/ (accessed Nov. 4. 2017) (5) G.J. Krieglsteiner (Hrsg.), Die Grosspilze Baden-Wrttembergs, Band 3., Ulmer (2001), p 568.(6) S. Buczacki, Collins Fungi Guide, Collins (2012), p 154.
-
Slo.: zelenkasta strnicnica - Syn. Psilocybe aeruginosa - Habitat: mixed, predominantly hardwood woodland, nearly flat ground, cretaceous clastic rock (flysh), rain protected by trees canopies, mostly in shade, precipitations ~3.000 mm/year, average temperature 8-10 deg C, altitude 440 m (1.400 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. - Substratum: small rotten branch debris under ground. - Comment: Growing single.
-
-
Slo.: marelina golobica - Habitat: found in alpine valley, mixed wood edge with shrubs; dominant Picea abies, Fagus sylvatica, Corylus avellana, Rosa sp., Fraxinus ornus, etc.; about 5 m off the dirt forest road in steep, west inclined terrain; in shade and relatively humid place close to a mountain stream; calcareous ground; partly protected from direct rain by tree and shrubs' canopies, average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 6-8 deg C, elevation 680 m (2.200 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. - Substratum: forest soil. - Comments: Growing in a group of three pilei; pilei diameter 5(8) cm, stipe 4-5.5 cm high and about 1.2-1.5 cm in diameter; smell indistinctive, almost none; taste mild, only after a long time very mildly bitter/burning; flesh very brittle; SP yellow-ochre, oac856, abundant; pilei cuticle peeling easy. - Determination is not certain. According to Ref.:(1) the find is too robust There is also some ambiguity in literature regarding similar Rusullas with yellow hut. Among others, this observation can be also Russula acetolens, Rauschert. Both R. risigallina and R. acetolens are sometimes referred under common name R. lutea (Ref.: (2)). Both are supposed to be somewhat smaller in average than this observation. Although measured spore dimensions fit very well to R. risigallina, type of spore surface do hardly. Warts eventually appear too coarse (?) (Refs.:(2) and (3)). Both mentioned alternatives should have distinctly sweet and vinegary smell respectively, but our observation had no distinct smell. Also, Refs.:(4) and (5) disagree with these statements. If I follow Ref.:(5) this observation fits the best to the name Russula risigallina var. acetolens. No really better fit could be found. There is some ambiguity also regarding its taste. Trama and gills (a small piece of the edge of the pileus) certainly didn't have distinct, strong burning taste. However, it also was not completely 'mild' (as it should be for R. risigalina according most sources), but had a barely noticeable bitter/burning taste after a longer chewing being far of that what is usually meant by 'burning taste' with Russulas. - Spores coarsely warty. Dimensions: 8.0 (SD = 0.5) x 6.6 (SD = 0.4) , Q = 1.21 (SD = 0.05), n = 30. Olympus CH20, NEA 100x/1.25, magnification 1.000 x, oil; in water. AmScope MA500 digital camera. - Herbarium: Mycotheca and lichen herbarium (LJU-Li) of Slovenian Forestry Institute, Vena pot 2, Ljubljana, Index Herbariorum LJF - References: (1) Personal communication with Mr. Bojan Rot, www.gobenabovskem.com. (2) S. Buczacki, Collins Fungi Guide, Collins (2012), p 328. (3) R. Phillips, Mushrooms, Macmillan (2006), p 40. (4) M. Bon, Parey's Buch der Pilze, Kosmos (2005), p 60. (5) G.J. Krieglsteiner (Hrsg.), Die Grosspilze Bade-Wrttembergs, Band 2, Ulmer (2000), p 471.
-
Slo.: vijoličasta bledivka - Habitat: A forest clear-cut, dominant Picea abies, Fagus sylvatica, Abies alba; south oriented mountain slope, calcareous bedrock; relatively warm place, open sunny place, exposed to direct rain, average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 2-4 deg C, elevation 1.420 m (4.650 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. - Substratum: forestry waist, growing from cones and other wood debris. - Comments: To my experiencea not so common substrate these cones. Growing solitary and in small groups of a few fruitbodies. Pileus diameter from 3 to 4.5 cm, stipe up to 7 cm long; SP beige-yellowish (oac855); taste mild mushroomy but unpleasant, smell faint pleasant. - Spores spiny. Dimensions: 8.9 (SD = 0.5) x 8,1 (SD = 0.4) micr., Q = 1.1 (SD = 0.04), n = 30. Olympus CH20, Olympus NEA 100x/1.25, AmScope MA500, magnification 1.000 x, oil, in water. - Ref.: (1) Personal communication Mr. Anton Poler (2) M.Bon, Parey's Buch der Pilze, Kosmos (2005), p 146. 9 rund (3) S.Buczacki, Collins Fungi Guide, Collins (2012), p 188. 8,5-10/7-8 (4) R.M. Daehncke, 1200 Pilze in Farbfotos, AT Verlag (2009), p 181. 8/10 (5) R.Lueder, Grundkurs Pilzbestimmung, Quelle & Meyer (2008), p 224. 7-10 rund
-
Oregon Mycological Society
-
-
-
-
-