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Paralepista flaccida (Sowerby) Vizzini, syn.: Clitocybe flaccida (Sowerby) P. Kumm., Clitocybe inversa (Scop.) Qul., Lepista flaccida (Sowerby) Pat., Clitocybe flaccida (Sowerby) P. Kumm., Clitocybe gilva (Fr.) Kumm., Lepista inversa (Scop.) Pat., Lepista gilva (Pers.) Pat., Paralepista gilva (Pers.) Raithelh., Omphalia flaccida (Sowerby) Qul., Omphalia inversa (Scop.) Qul.,Tawny Funnel Cap, DE: Fuchsiger Rteltrichterling Slo.: podvihana kolesnicaDat.: Oct. 23/24. 2011Lat.: 46.32964 Long.: 13.52551Code: Bot_564/2011_IMG7161, Bot_565/2011_DSC0437Habitat: Old, calcareous alluvial terrace, mixed wood, Picea abies, Fagus sylvatica, Ostrya carpinifolia dominant trees; under large Picea abies canopies (total shade, no ground vegetation, protected from direct rain) but also on grassy wood edge (half open, partly sunny place, exposed to direct rain); locally flat terrain; average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 8-10 deg C, elevation 415 m (1.360 feet), alpine phytogeographical region.Substratum: soil, rotten needles and other plant material.Place: Bovec basin, between station A of the Kanin cable car and Bovec golf playground, East Julian Alps, Posoje, Slovenia EC Comments: Paralepista flaccida is a common, very variable (look at the list of synonyms!) yet relatively easy to recognize fungus by its foxy-red-brown (when wet) to orange-ocher (when dry) color and by its fleshy, waxy appearance. It shares typical Lepista species habit but it is somewhat smaller than more frequent and better known Lepista nuda or Lepista nebularis. Gills are easy to separate from trama as in most Lepista species. The fungus was separate from Lepista genus and put into Paralepista genus only in the year 2012 based on DNA evidence. Before that various genus and species names had been used and long, long debates about its taxonomy took place. Growing in groups, many fruit bodies found; pileus diameter 2.8 - 6 cm; smell pleasant, partly mushroomy partly mealy; flesh watery, brittle; SP white with a slight orange-pink tint.Spores somewhat warty, subglobose. Dimensions: (4) 4.1 - 4.7 (5.1) x (3.2) 3.7 - 4.3 (4.5) microns; Q = 1 - 1.2 (1.3); N = 40; Me = 4.5 x 4 microns ; Qe = 1.1. Olympus Motic B2-211A, NEA 100x/1.25, magnification 1.000 x, oil; in water, fresh material;. AmScope MA500 digital camera.Ref.: (1) Personal communication with Mr. Bojan Ror, gobenabovskem.si(2) J. Breitenbach, F. Kraenzlin, Eds., Fungi of Switzerland, Vol.3. Verlag Mykologia (1991), p 212. (3) G.J. Krieglsteiner (Hrsg.), Die Grosspilze Baden-Wrttembergs, Band 3., Ulmer (2001), p 289. (4) M. Bon, Parey's Buch der Pilze, Kosmos (2005), p 142.
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Tree Fungus
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. Lyndhurst New Forest, Hants. SU274068.
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Woods Hole, Massachusetts, United States
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A widely reported species, often in lawns and gardens. It is said to eat nematodes.
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Vasterbotten, Sweden
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Mycena meliigena (Berk. & Cooke) Sacc., syn.: Mycena corticola (Pers.) Fr.DE: Rtlicher Rindenhelmling, Fleischroter HelmlingSlo.: lubjeva eladicaDat.: March 25. 2017Lat.: 46.33514 Long.: 13.56886Code: Bot_1042/2017_DSC7146Habitat: mixed broadleaved and conifer wood, locally almost flat terrain, cretaceous clastic rock (flysh) bedrock, in shade; dry place, partly protected from direct rain by tree canopies; average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 8-10 deg C, elevation 470 m (1.550 feet), alpine phytogeographical region.Substratum: still standing Alnus sp. bark lightly overgrown with mosses; on northeast side of the trunk.Place: Bovec basin, east of Bovec, Rabeljnik hill, East Julian Alps, Posoje, Slovenia EC. Comments: This incredible small and filigree mushroom is, no doubt, frequently overlooked. Tiny, only a few millimeters tall, more or less brown on more or less brown, cracked tree bark, it hides itself perfectly. However, looked from close the impression is much different. Its size, unusual hyphal ends of the cortical layer of the stipe and hypha with strange digitiform outgrowths distinguish it from other small Mycena species. Growing in a group of a few fruit bodies, pileus diameter 2 to 4 mm, SP very faint, almost invisible, probably whitish.Spores smooth. Dimensions: 8,1 [9,1 ; 9,6] 10,5 x 7,3 [8 ; 8,4] 9,1 microns; Q = 1 [1,1 ; 1,2] 1,3; N = 26; C = 95%; Me = 9,3 x 8,2 microns; Qe = 1,1. Olympus CH20, NEA 100x/1.25, magnification 1.000 x, oil (spores); NEA 40x/0.65, magnification 400x (hypha), in water; fresh material; AmScope MA500 digital camera.Ref.:(1) Personal communication with Mr. Bojan Rot, found by him;
www.gobenabovskem.si(2)
www.mycena.no/meliigena.htm (3)
www.mushroomexpert.com/mycena_corticola.html (4) J. Breitenbach, F. Kraenzlin, Eds., Fungi of Switzerland, Vol.3. Verlag Mykologia (1991), p 280. (5) G.J. Krieglsteiner (Hrsg.), Die Grosspilze Baden-Wrttembergs, Band 3., Ulmer (2001), p 466.(6) S. Buczacki, Collins Fungi Guide, Collins (2012), p 214.
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Cantharellus xanthopus syn.: Cantharellus lutescens, Craterellus lutescens, Craterellus auroraYellow-footed Chanterelle, Starkriechender PfifferlingSlo.: olta trobentaDate: Oct. 13. 2009Lat.: 46.38253 Long.: 13.78549Code: Bot_392/2009-6329Habitat: Young open mixed wood, predominately Picea abies and some Pinus.sp and Fagus sylvatica, mossy, quite humid ground, in half shade, no sun during winter months, nearly flat calcareous terrain, average precipitations ~3.000 mm/year, average temperature 6-8 deg C, elevation 830 m (2.700 feet), alpine phytogeographical region.Substratum: grassy and mossy groundPlace: Zadnjica valley, lower Strunik place, East Julian Alps, Posoje, Slovenia ECComment: Growing in small groups, many specimens. Ref.: G. Pace, Vse o gobah (in Slovene), Mladinska Knjiga (1997), p 309J.Grom, Nae gobe (in Slovene), epna Knjiga, (1981), p 126M.Bon, Pareys Buch der Pilze, Kosmos (2005), p 306D.Arora, Mushrooms Demystified, Ten Speed Press, Berkeley (1986), pp 665.
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Castel Fusano, Lazio, Italy
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Armillaria ostoyae (Romagn) Herink, syn.: Armillariella ostoyae Romagn, Armillaria obscura (Schaeff.) Herink, Armilaria polymyces (Pers. ex Gray) Singer & ClemenconHoney Fungus, DE: Dunkler HallimaschSlo.: rnomekinasta mraznicaDat.: Oct. 6. 2010Lat.: 46.33493 Long.: 13.49766Code: Bot_465/2010_IMG2787Habitat: A widening of a dirt forest road lightly overgrown with grasses and other green plants, semi ruderal place of former forestry activities; mountain slope, south aspect; relatively warm place; locally flat, calcareous ground with a lot of half buried and buried Picea abies and Fagus sylvatica thrown away wood pieces; sunny, open place, exposed to direct rain; average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 6-7 deg C, elevation 870 m (2.850 feet), alpine phytogeographical region.Substratum: sand and gravel with buried pieces of wood; most probably on Picea abies.Place: South slopes of Mt. Kanin mountain group west of Bovec, lower Gozdec place, next to the dirt road from Bovec to Cable car Kanin station B ela, East Julian Alps, Posoje, Slovenia EC. Comments: Not so far ago this find would be named Armillaria mellea (s.lat.) (aggregate). This group of very variable mushrooms is, based on inter-fertility tests, now divided into Armillaria borealis, Armillaria cepistipes, Armillaria gallica and Armillaria ostoyae (Ref.:1). Armillaria ostoyae is distinguished from other three species by its relatively dark colors, red-brown hut covered by dark scales, which are denser at its center, but extend just to the edge of the hut (and can be washed off by heavy rains). Also, its distinct, white, felted stipe ring resembles a cogwheel with brown tufted tips of the 'teeth' (see Picture 3. and 6.) This mushroom is a virulent parasite on live trees but continues to grow as a saprophyte on its victims, when they are dead. In my environment it is a rather common species usually found on stumps of Picea abies, often in large to very large colonies. This find shows rather old fruitbodies being unusual regarding their habitat. Several tens of mushrooms were growing virtually on sandy and stony flat surface of a dirt road side. However, closer inspection showed that the ground is full of buried wood, most probably of Picea abies.Mushrooms were growing in several dense, tufted groups of several fruit bodies; pileus diameter about 5 (7) cm; taste unpleasant, smell faint, indistinctive; SP abundant, whitish.Spores smooth. Dimensions: 7.3 [8.4 ; 8.9] 10 x 5.5 [6.2 ; 6.5] 7.2 microns; Q = 1.1 [1.3 ; 1.4] 1.6; N = 40; C = 95%; Me = 8.6 x 6.4 microns; Qe = 1.4. Motic B2-211A, NEA 100x/1.25, magnification 1.000 x, oil, in water, in vivo. AmScope MA500 digital camera.Ref.:(1) G.J. Krieglsteiner (Hrsg.), Die Grosspilze Baden-Wrttembergs, Band 4., Ulmer (2001), p 124.(2) S. Buczacki, Collins Fungi Guide, Collins (2012), p 190. (3) R. Phillips, Mushrooms, Macmillan (2006), p 101.(4) J. Breitenbach, F. Kraenzlin, Eds., Fungi of Switzerland, Vol.4., Verlag Mykologia (2000), p 138.(5) R.M. Daehncke, 1200 Pilze in Farbfotos, AT Verlag (2009), p 68.
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El Moncayo. Tarazona: Aragn (Espaa)Reino: FungiDivisin: BasidiomycotaClase: Agaricomycetes Orden: RussulalesFamilia: RussulaceaeIdentificacin: Biodiversdad Virtual.
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Christmas, Florida, United States
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Ramaria abietina (Pers.; Fr) Quel., Syn.: Ramaria chraceovirens (Jungh.) DonkGreen-staining Coral Mushroom, DE: Gelbgrne Korale, Fichten-ZiegenbartSlo.: jelkina griva / zelenea grivaDat.: Oct. 09. 2013Lat.: 46.40353 Long.: 13.70662Code: Bot_759/2013_DSC8566Habitat: overgrown alluvial deposits of an alpine river, a small patch of an open, pure Picea abies forest growing on long time abandoned alpine pasture; calcareous ground, flat terrain; deep shade, partly protected from direct rain by tree canopy, average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 4-6 deg C, elevation 970 m (3.200 feet), alpine phytogeographical region.Substratum: deep layer of Picea abies needles and humus under a 'roof' of low, dense Picea abies branches. Place: Zadnja Trenta valley, south of the Fjori farmhouse, left bank of dry Soa river bed (Suec), East Julian Alps, Posoje, Slovenia EC Comments: Genus Ramaria is difficult regarding species determination. I rarely find something, which would perfectly fit to the books. However this observation seems quite reliable, because of typical habitat, substratum and habitus. In addition spores fit expectations too. Growing gregariously, most of about ten fruit bodies in a row; fruit bodies' dimensions up to 4 x 4 x 3 cm; taste slightly bitter, smell indistinctive, mushroomy; flesh quite firm and pliant; SP brown, oac869. Fruit bodies becoming slowly dirty greenish-gray when handled.Spores spiny. Dimensions: 7 [8 ; 8.4] 9.4 x 2.1 [3.7 ; 4.4] 6 microns, Q = 1.5 [2 ; 2.2] 2.7; N = 31; C = 95%, Me = 8.2 x 4 microns; Qe = 2.1. Olympus CH20, NEA 100x/1.25, magnification 1.000 x, oil, in water. AmScope MA500 digital camera.Herbarium: Mycotheca and lichen herbarium (LJU-Li) of Slovenian Forestry Institute, Vena pot 2, Ljubljana, Index Herbariorum LJFRef.:(1) J. Breitenbach, F. Kraenzlin, Eds., Fungi of Switzerland, Vol.2. Verlag Mykologia (1984), (2) E. Schild, Was ist Ramaria aurea und Ramaria flava, Z. Mycol., Vol.44, no 2. (1978), p 171.cited in Ref.:(1) (3) S. Buczacki, Collins Fungi Guide, Collins (2012), p 462. (4) M. Bon, Parey's Buch der Pilze, Kosmos (2005), p 308. (5) G. J. Krieglsteiner (Hrsg.), Die Grosspilze Baden-Wrttembergs, Band 2, Ulmer (2000), p 64. (6) D. Arora, Mushrooms Demystified, Ten Speed Press, Berkeley (1986), p 650.
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Castel Fusano, Lazio, Italy
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Local: Araatuba/SP - BrasilParque da Fazenda do EstadoBioma: Mata AtlnticaAcessrios: Trip + Trilho Foco Macro + Cabo Disparador Remoto
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Teno, Maule Region, Chile
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Emmen, Drenthe, Netherlands
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Inocybe rimosa (Bull.: Fr.) Kumm. var. rimosa, syn.: Inocybe fastigiata (Schaeff.) Quell.Split Fibrecap, DE: Kegelige RisspilzSlo.: zailjena razcepljenkaDat.: Aug. 16. 2014Lat.: 46.40080 Long.: 13.70181Code: Bot_825/2014_DSC2871Habitat: bare ground in mixed forest, Picea abies and Fagus sylvatica dominant trees; under a group of large Picea abies; flat, raw humus rich, calcareous ground, old alluvium at the bottom of an alpine valley; in shade; partly protected from direct rain by tree canopies; average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 4-6 deg C, elevation 985 m (3.250 feet), alpine phytogeographical region.Substratum: soil.Place: Zadnja Trenta valley, 'Zapodn' place, upstream from the last farmhouses, left bank of dry river bed of Soa, East Julian Alps, Posoje, Slovenia EC Comments: Inocybe is a huge genus with hundreds of mainly small, pale colored, mostly malodorous species. Arora (Ref.8) funnily describes them as follows: "They come in an endless, senseless procession of boring browns, yucky yellows, gratuitous grays, and wishy-washy whites... Almost without exception they not only qualify as LBM's (Little-Brown-Mushroom), but also as BUM's (Boring-Ubiquitous-Mushrooms), and it is necessary to know the size and shape of the spores and cystidia before an accurate identification can be made. Even then, unraveling them is a trying and tedious task whose futility is only exceeded by its pointlessness, and underscored by the sad fact that most of them are poisonous". Yet, Inocybe rimosa seems to me quite interesting. It is not difficult to recognize it although it is quite variable and actually a complex of varieties, which many of them are named even at higher taxonomical levels by some authors (look at picture 2M for the scatter of spore dimensions given by different authors). With the help of the key given in Krieglsteiner (2010) (Ref.4) even 'var. rimosa' was apparently easy to be determined. This name is legitimate according to MycoBank, however, Index Fungorum doesn't recognize it as a valid name and considers it as a synonym of Inocybe rimosa.Growing solitary; a single pileus found; cap diameter 5 cm, height 4.2 cm; stipe 12 cm long, 1 cm in diameter, fibrous, not hollow, twisted, and deeply rooted in ground; gills distinctly lemon-yellowish with slight green tint, oac6; after 24 hours being kept in refrigerator pale ocher-brown, oac717; SP pale ocher, oac688.Spores smooth, thick-walled. Dimensions: 10,6 [12 ; 12,6] 14 x 6,8 [7,5 ; 7,7] 8,4 microns; Q = 1,4 [1,6 ; 1,7] 1,9; N = 42; C = 95%; Me = 12,3 x 7,6 microns; Qe = 1,6. Olympus CH20, NEA 100x/1.25, magnification 1.000 x, oil, in water in vivo. AmScope MA500 digital camera.Ref.:(1) Personal communication with Mr. Bojan Rot,
www.gobenabovskem.com.(2) S. Buczacki, Collins Fungi Guide, Collins (2012), p 368.(3) J. Breitenbach, F. Kraenzlin, Eds., Fungi of Switzerland, Vol.5., Verlag Mykologia (1991), p 76. (4) G.J. Krieglsteiner (Hrsg.), Die Grosspilze Baden-Wrttembergs, Band 5., Ulmer (2010), p 435.(5) M. Bon, Parey's Buch der Pilze, Kosmos (2005), p 234. (6) R. Phillips, Mushrooms, Macmillan (2006), p 219. (7) R.M. Daehncke, 1200 Pilze in Farbfotos, AT Verlag (2009), p 645. (8) D. Arora, Mushrooms Demystified, Ten Speed Press, Berkeley (1986), p 455.
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Suillellus luridus (Schaeff.) Murrill, syn.: Boletus luridus Schaeff.: Fr., Leccinum luridum (Schaeff.) Gray, Tubiporus luridus var. rubriceps MaireEN: Lurid bolete, DE: Netzstielinger- HexenrhrlingSlo.: noroglavka, svinjski gobanDat.: Sept. 25. 2019Lat.: 46.359233 Long.: 13.705478Code: Bot_1159/2018_DSC3446Picture file names: from Suillellus-luridus_raw_60 to Suillellus-luridus_raw_68.Habitat: Steep mountain slope, east aspect; mixed wood, Fagus sylvatica, Ostrya carpinifolia and Picea abies dominant trees; under Fagus or eventually Ostrya; in shade; calcareous, skeletal ground; partly protected from direct rain by tree canopies; average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 7-9 deg C, elevation 535 m (1.750 feet), alpine phytogeographical region.Substratum: soil.Place: Lower Trenta valley, between villages Soa and Trenta, right bank of river Soa; next to the trail from the main road Bovec-Vri to farmhouse Skokar, Trenta 2, East Julian Alps, Posoje, Slovenia EC Comments: Suillellus luridus, formerly named Boletus luridus, is with little doubts the commonest bolete in Trenta valley. The species is very beautiful but also very variable. I have photographed it many times. This find seemed at the beginning something special since both pilei found were all in yellowish tones almost without reddish hues as usual in my region. Also bruising was relatively weak compared to some other finds, which bruised immediately to dark, sometimes really wild colors. Nevertheless, I still believe the find is properly named. The dimensions of spores correspond to data from literature, but this usually doesn't mean much with boletes. More or less they all have very similar spores.Two young pilei found. Hut diameter about 4 cm; stipe 6-6.8 cm long, in upper part 28 mm diameter, in lower part 40 mm diameter; slight rooting; taste mild, after some time slightly unpleasant; smell almost none; SP faint, almost invisible; all parts of the fruitbodies bruise to different colors, but not strongly; the colors disappeared after 24 hours of storage in refrigerator.Spores smooth. Dimensions: (10) 11 - 13 (14.2) (4.9) 5.2 - 6.4 (6.6) m; Q = (1.8) 1.9 - 2.3 (2.4); N = 33; Me = 12 5.7 m; Qe = 2.1. Olympus CH20, NEA 100x/1.25, magnification 1.000 x, oil, in water, fresh material. AmScope MA500 digital camera.Herbarium: Mycotheca and Herbarium of Slovenian Forestry Institute, Vena pot 2, Ljubljana, Slovenia, Index Herbariorum acronym LJFRef.: (1)
boletales.com/genera/boletus/b-luridus/ (accessed Sept.30. 2018) (2) G.J. Krieglsteiner (Hrsg.), Die Grosspilze Baden-Wrttembergs, Band 2, Ulmer (2000), p 213. (3) R. Phillips, Mushrooms, Macmillan (2006), p 281. (4) M. Bon, Parey's Buch der Pilze, Kosmos (2005), p 38.
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Tucson, Arizona, United States
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We had heard that there were bioluminescent fungi at Natural Bridge, as well as the glow worms, so we made a special trip to the park one night. We were lucky to see both. My photos of the glow worms didn't turn out very well - I had much better luck with the fungi. There was lots of it about - the rainforest was like a fairyland, but we found only two little clumps that were close enough to the track to be photographed. We tried a bit of "light painting" with a torch to make some of the photos more interesting. I've put three pairs of photos up - one of just the fungi glowing and one with the "light painting".
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