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Ramariopsis kunzei is an edible species of coral fungi in the Clavariaceae family. It is commonly known as white coral mushroom.
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Slo.: lososova sirovka - Habitat: Dense mixed forest of young Picea abies, Abies alba, Larix decidua and Fagus Sylvatica, flat terrain, calcareous bedrock, probably acid soil, in shade (little ground vegetation), humid place, partly protected from direct rain by tree canopies, average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 2-4 deg C, elevation 1.410 m (4.625 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. - Substratum: soil. - Comments: Growing solitary and in groups, many species, pileus diameter up to 14 cm, stem up to 7 cm tall; taste pleasant at the beginning, then slowly turning slightly burning, smell pleasant mushroomy, flesh quite brittle, milk orange-red at the beginning then turns beep blood red, SP creamy oac(857). - Spores warty with ornamentation. Dimensions: 9.2 (SD = 0.4) x 7.5 (SD = 0.4) micr., Q = 1.22 (SD = 0.07), n = 28 . Olympus CH20 (Motic B2-211A), NEA 100x/1.25, magnification 1.000 x, oil, in water. - Ref.: (1) R.M. Daehncke, 1200 Pilze in Farbfotos, AT Verlag (2009), p 950. (2) R.Phillips, Mushrooms, Macmillan (2006), p 65. (3) M.Bon, Parey's Buch der Pilze, Kosmos (2005), p 80. (4) S.Buczacki, Collins Fungi Guide, Collins (2012), p 282.
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Slo.: rdea munica - Habitat: Group of Betula pendula var. pendula as a pioneer species on an abandoned pasture, shallow, moderately acid soil on cretaceous clastic rock (flysh), direct rain exposed, partly in shade, precipitations ~3.000 mm/year, average temperature 8-10 deg C, altitude 540 m (1.750 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. - Substratum: soil. -
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Habitat: mixed wood, Picea abies and Fagus Sylvatica dominant trees; moderately inclined mountain slope, south aspect; calcareous ground; in shade, relatively warm place; partly protected from direct rain by tree canopies; average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 6-7 deg C, elevation 1.000 m (3.300 feet), alpine phytogeographical region.Substratum: short, highly disintegrated and moss overgrown log of Picea abies lying on ground.Comment: Lycoperdon pyriforme has probably the most beautiful form of all our puffballs. It is a rather common species, which often grows in large tufted groups. It has almost global distribution (not present in Africa). In Himalaya it climbs up to 4.000 m elevation (Ref.:3). It is easy recognized by its typical form and the fact that it grows on rotten wood of conifers and broadleaved trees contrary to other puffballs, which grow on soil. Frequently the wood is almost totally decomposed or partly buried in ground, so it superficially appears that the mushrooms grow on soil. Further, white subgleba, which remains white also in mature sporocarps, is a sure identification characteristic. Photographed sporocarps were growing in a small group of six fruit bodies.Spores smooth. Dimensions: 3.7 [4.1 ; 4.2] 4.6 x 3.5 [3.9 ; 4] 4.4 microns; Q = [1 ; 1.06] 1.1; N = 30; C = 95%; Me = 4.2 x 4 microns; Qe = 1. Motic B2-211A, NEA 100x/1.25, magnification 1.000 x, oil, in water; in vivo. AmScope MA500 digital camera.Ref.:(1) Personal communication with Mr. Bojan Rot, www.gobenabovskem.com.(2) L. Hagar, Ottova Encyklopedia Hb, Ottova Nakladatelstvi, Praha (2015) (in Slovakian), p 934.(3) G.J. Krieglsteiner (Hrsg.), Die Grosspilze Baden-Wrttembergs, Band 2., Ulmer (2000), p 152. (4) S. Buczacki, Collins Fungi Guide, Collins (2012), p 430. (5) J. Breitenbach, F. Kraenzlin, Eds., Fungi of Switzerland, Vol.2., Verlag Mykologia (1986), p 394.
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Slo.: resasti puhar - syn.: Tulostoma granulosum Leveille - Habitat: growing from crevices among limestone rocks of a dry wall forming border of a pasture; mosses, Asplenium trichomanes, Asplenium ruta-muraria, Geranium macrorrhizum, Geranium robertianum, Sedum album also growing on the wall; about 1 m above ground level; half sunny, dry place, south aspect; partly under a large Tilia cordata canopy; partly protected from direct rain by it; average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 7 - 9 deg C, elevation 600 m (2.000 feet), alpine phytogeographical region - Substratum: small amount of mixture of sandy soil and raw humus plus mosses among limestone rocks. - Comments: Spore sac subglobose, diameter 11 mm, height 9.5 mm; peridium quite firm, with granular surface (adhering grains) particularly at the bottom of it; much of spore material has already gone (seems an older sporocarp); peridium hole almost without projecting peristome, irregular, with fibrous edge, no darker hallo around it; stalk 55 mm long, spindle shaped, diameter 3.5 mm at the apex and 5 mm max at about 1/3 of its height, tough and hard, not pliant, very coarsely fibrous; fruitbody no smell, taste not tested; volva almost absent; capillitium hypha abundant, long, firm, elastic, thick walled, branched, rough on several places, septa rare, no clamps observed, hypha not much inflated at the septa; crystals very rare (if at all present); spore on mass and SP rusty-brown, oac684. Fruitbody was growing solitary. - There are two species of genus Tulostoma listed in Slovenian check list of fungi - Tulostoma brumale and Tulostoma fimbriatum. The most common species of this genus is Tulostoma brumale, but observed traits apparently do not fit to it. This observation has very indistinctive volva (just a few brown scales), fruitbody has almost no projecting peristome and brownish hallo around it, crystals have been barely seen (if at all?), spores are too large and hypha at the septa is not or only slightly inflated (not strongly as for Tulostoma brumale according to Ref.:3 and others). Apparently macro- and microscopic traits fit well to Tulostoma fimbriatum. Habitat seems at first a bit strange (usually found on sandy soil and dunes) but Ref.:1. explicitly states also ' ... solitary also on old walls made of calcareous rocks...'. - The only thing, which puzzles me, is spore surface. Shape and size if the spores agree with expectations reasonably well, however, all sources agree that their surface should be (minutely?) warty. My observations barely show 'warts'. Actually spores look like slightly polygonal, some warts can be seen here and there, but some spores seem also completely smooth (not in focus?). This could be due to my poor equipment and experience or the warts are very low, or they can be seen only if colored, or the spores are not yet mature (doesn't seem the case according to the condition of the fruitbody), or possibly this is not Tulostoma fimbriatum. - Spores subglobose and variably shaped. Dimensions: 4.5 [5.2 ; 5.5] 6.2 x 4 [4.6 ; 4.8] 5.4 microns; Q = 0.9 [1.1 ; 1.2] 1.4; N = 40 ; C = 95%; Me = 5.4 x 4.7 microns; Qe = 1.2. Hypha diameter: 2.9 [4 ; 4.5] 5.6 microns; N = 29 ; C = 95%; Me = 4.2 microns (Ref.:2. 3 - 6 microns). Olympus CH20, NEA 100x/1.25, magnification 1.000 x, oil (spores, septa); NEA 40x/0.65, magnification 400x (hypha), in water. AmScope MA500 digital camera. - Herbarium: Mycotheca and lichen herbarium (LJU-Li) of Slovenian Forestry Institute, Vena pot 2, Ljubljana, Index Herbariorum LJF - Ref.: (1) R.M. Daehncke, 1200 Pilze in Farbfotos, AT Verlag (2009), p 1096. (2) J. Breitenbach, F. Kraenzlin, Eds., Fungi of Switzerland, Vol.2. Verlag Mykologia (1986), p 396. (3) G.J. Krieglsteiner (Hrsg.), Die Grosspilze Baden-Wrttembergs, Band 2., Ulmer (2000), p 181. (4) W. Rothmaler, Exkursionsflora von Deutschland, Vol.1, Niedere Pflanzen, Elsevier, 3. Auflage (1994), p 511. (5) M.Bon, Parey'sBuch der Pilze, Kosmos (2005), p 300. (T. brumale, sp 4) (6) S.Buczacki, Collins Fungi Guide, Collins (2012), p 444.
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Slo.: latviasta palivka - Habitat: Unimproved grassland grassed by sheep, northeast oriented mountain slope, calcareous ground, mostly sunny, exposed to direct rain, average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 6-8 deg C, elevations 630 m (2.050 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. - Substratum: grassland soil. - Coments: Growing solitary or two, tree together, pileus diameter up to 55 mm; smell mild, pleasant; SP white, slightly beige. Spore smooth, dimensions 8.3 (SD = 0.6) x 5.3 (SD = 0.4) micr., Q = 1.65 (SD = 0.12), n = 30.
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Slo.: vijolicasta kolesnica - Habitat: mossy upland grassland, fairly flat, quite deep, humid, calcareous, south faced ground, partly in shade of a Juniperus communis bush, exposed to rain, average precipitations ~3.000 mm/year, average temperature 6-8 deg C, elevation 890 m (2.900 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. - Substratum: soil. - Comments: Spores 8,0 (SD=1,1) micr x 4,6 (SD=0,5) micr, n= 20. Motic B1-211, magnification 1.000 x, oil; in water. Spore print crme to light ocher with a slight pink tint, taste mild, smell pleasant mushroomy. Gills can be easily separated from pileus. - Ref.: personal communication Mr. Bojan Rot http://www.gobenabovskem.si/. R.M.Daehncke, 1200 Pilze in Farbfotos, AT Verlag (2009), p 213. R.Lueder, Grundkurs Pilzbestimmung, Quelle & Mayer (2008), p 398.
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Slo.:osmojena golobica - Habitat: Mixed forest, almost flat terrain, probably acid ground (Lycopodium agg.,Vaccinium myrtillus) on calcareous bedrock, humid place, in deep shade, partly protected from direct rain by tree canopies, average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 5-7 deg C, elevation 960m (3.150 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. - Substratum: forest soil. - Comments: Truly not one of the beautifully colored Brittlegills. However, still fun to find it since it is almost always well hidden under fallen leaves and other ground litter usually in deep shade. A good example of 'mimicry'. Growing in groups, several pilei, several almost totally covered by fallen beach leaves. Diameter up to 12 cm (5 inch); taste mild, smell indistinctive, earthy; flesh brittle but quite strong; SP pale yellow-ochre, oac894; peeling of cuticle modest. - Spores warty. Dimensions:8.1(SD= 0.6) x 7.1 (SD= 0.5) μ, Q= 1.14 (SD= 0.06), n= 30. Olympus CH20, NEA 100x/1.25, magnification 1.000 x, oil, in water.AmScope MA500 digital camera. - Herbarium: Mycotheca and lichen herbarium (LJU-Li) of Slovenian Forestry Institute, Večna pot 2, Ljubljana, Index Herbariorum LJF - Ref.: (1) R.M. Daehncke, 1200 Pilze in Farbfotos, AT Verlag (2009), p 841. (2) R. Phillips, Mushrooms, Macmillan (2006), p 47. (3) S. Buczacki, Collins Fungi Guide, Collins (2012), p 296. (4) Personal communication with Mr. Bojan Rot, www.gobenabovskem.si
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Slo.: uhati drhtave - Habitat: trail side, among herbs, under trees and bushes, in shade, humid place close to a stream, flat terrain, calcareous ground, partly protected from direct rain by shrub and tree canopies, average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 8-10 deg C, elevation 370 m (1.200 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. - Substratum: soil full of leaf and wood debris. - Comments: Growing in several groups with many sporocarps and solitary, pileus diameter up to 5 cm (2 inch) and up to 7 cm (3 inch) tall, taste and smell mild and pleasant, flesh soft rubbery, SP whitish. Spore dimensions do not fit well to data from literature? However, scatter of this character among different authors is very large. Spores smooth. Dimensions: 8.8 (SD = 0.6) x 5.5 (SD = 0.4) micr., Q = 1.61 (SD = 0.15), n = 30. Motic B2-211A, magnification 1.000 x, oil, in water. - Ref.: (1) M.Bon, Parey's Buch der Pilze, Kosmos (2005), p 324. (2) R.Phillips, Mushrooms, Macmillan (2006), p 350. (3) D.Arora, Mushrooms Demystified, Ten Speed Press, Berkeley (1986), p 972. (4) R.Lueder, Grundkurs Pilzbestimmung, Quelle & Meyer (2008), p 143. (5) R.M. Daehncke, 1200 Pilze in Farbfotos, AT Verlag (2009), p 1071.
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Slo.: ? Habitat: Light mixed karst forest and bushes, predominantly oak, stony ground, limestone, shaded by tree canopies, N oriented, cca. 1 m above ground, partly protected from rain, precipitations 1.500 -1.600 mm/year, average temperature 10-12 deg C, altitude 280 m (920 feet), submediterranean phytogeographical region. Substratum: partly debarked rotten trunk of a thick Hedera helix climbing a Quercus petraea and cut at the bottom by men.
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Slo.: puhasta ploskocevka - syn.: Coriolus pubescens (Schumach.: Fr.) Murr. - Habitat: mixed wood, Fagus sylvatica, Picea abies, dominant trees with some Larix decidua and Fraxinus excelsior; steep mountain slope, west aspect, however in shade of mountains during winter months; rather cool and humid place; calcareous ground; partly protected from direct rain by tree canopies; average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 5 - 6 deg C, elevation 790 (2.600 feet), alpine phytogeographical region.Substratum: large, very old Fagus sylvatica, the tree is still alive, but fungus is growing on partly dead part of it, still in bark.Comments: This find has posed very interesting challenges for determination. Several options have been considered but apparently none fit to the find. Experts have been consulted but no definite solution found. Finally a sample has been sent to Dr. Leif Ryvarden, University of Oslo who determined it as Trametes pubescens. Many thanks to all involved in the problem solving - Dr. Nikica Ogris and Andrej Piltaver, Slovenian Forestry Institute, Bojan Rot, Bovec, Branko Vrhovnik, Horjul and specially to Prof. Ryvarden for his final determination.The main source of identification problems is probably very untypical shape of the pilei. Trametes pubescens has usually relatively thin pilei. According to the key of genus Trametes given in Krieglsteiner (2000), p585 the pilei are about 0.5 (1) cm thick, Ryvarden (2014), p417 states: '... Basidiocarps thin ... context up to 5 mm ... pore layer up to 4 mm thick...' and Bernicchia (2005), p535 gives ' ... context 3-5 mm and pore layer 1-5 mm thick... '. The pilei found were up to 5 cm thick and in most cases triquetrous in cross-section. Also spores are significantly longer than normally expected.Growing in a few groups on the same part of a large tree; altogether more than 200 pilei present; majority of them laterally confluent, imbricate, some single; some effuse-reflexed, most of them triquetrous in cross-section; pilei dimensions: 8-10(16) x 4-5(6.5) cm and 2.5-5 cm thick; pore layer up to 8 mm thick; context of very low specific weight, corky, similar to dry Piptoporus betulinus; when dry quite firm, brittle, brakes to pieces; smell (of almost dry pilei) very mild but distinctive on what? ; taste indistinctive at the beginning, after a while mild and interesting, again on what?; 5% KOH reaction on context and pileus surface yellow-ocher with orange tint, on pores the same color but less distinctive; SP scarce, but distinctive (after making pilei moist and at 18-20 deg C), whitish-beige, oac851; fungi causing white root according to analysis of the wood made at the Forestry Institute of Slovenia.Spore dimensions determined twice from SP of different pilei. First measurement (pilei taken on Nov. 18. 2015): 7 [7.8; 8] 8.8 x 2 [2.4; 2.5] 2.9 microns; Q = 2.6 [3.2; 3.4] 3.9; N = 49; C = 95%; Me = 7.9 x 2.4 microns; Qe = 3.3. Second measurement (pilei taken on Nov. 23. 2015): 6.1 [7.3; 7.6] 8.9 x 2 [2.3; 2.4] 2.8 microns; Q = 2.5 [3.1; 3.2] 3.9 ; N = 62 ; C = 95%; Me = 7.5 x 2.4 microns; Qe = 3.2. Basidia clavate, dimensions: 14.2 [15.8; 17.7] 19.4 x 4.1 [5; 6.1] 7 microns; Q = 2.3 [2.8; 3.3] 3.8; N = 8; C = 95%; Me = 16.8 x 5.5 microns; Qe = 3.1. Hyphal system trimitic. Olympus CH20, NEA 100x/1.25, magnification 1.000 x, oil, in water, aniline blue; in vivo. AmScope MA500 digital camera.Herbarium: Mycotheca and lichen herbarium (LJU-Li) of Slovenian Forestry Institute, Vena pot 2, Ljubljana, Index Herbariorum LJFRef.:(1) Id'ed by Dr. Leif Ryvarden, University of Oslo.(2) G.J. Krieglsteiner (Hrsg.), Die Grosspilze Baden-Wrttembergs, Band 1., Ulmer (2000), p 589.(3) L. Ryvarden, I. Melo, Poroid fungi of Europe, Synopsis Fungorum 31., Fungiflora (2014), p 417. (4) A. Bernicchia, Polyporaceae s.l., Fungi Europaei, Vol. 10., Edizioni Candusso (2005), p 535. (5) S. Buczacki, Collins Fungi Guide, Collins (2012), p 509.
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Slo.: zastrta pogačica - Habitat: Narrow mountain gorge, near a stream, locally flat terrain, calcareous ground with some cretaceous clastic rock (flysh) inclusions, broadleaf trees and thickets and high bushes, humid and cold place, in shadow, no sun during most of the year; partly protected from direct rain by tree canopies, average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 7-9 deg C, elevation 430 m (1.400 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. - Substratum: dead fallen Corylus avellana branch, not in contact with ground, about 5 cm (2 inch) in diameter. - Comments: Photographed in wet conditions. Found on the same branch: Plicaturopsis crispa, Hypoxylon fuscum, Graphis scripta and Fungi sp. causing distinct red staining of the wood (oac 586). Possibly pyrenomycetes? Sillia ferruginea or Cryptospora corylina or Massariosphaeria rubicunda or ?? (personal communication with Gerhard Koller, see observation 84928). Interestingly, the same situation was fond in my first observation of Tectella patellaris. Fruitbodies were growing in groups, more than 30 of them on the branch; fruitbodies in different stage of development from very young to fairly old; pileus diameter 5 - 25 mm (1/5 to 1 inch), smell indistinctive, SP white. Weather conditions during observation: rainy, frozen vegetation and ground, temperatures about 0 degC ( 32 degF). - Spores small, smooth, cylindrical, somewhat allantoids. Dimensions: 4.3 (SD = 0.3) x 1.3 (SD = 0.1) micr., Q = 3.42 (SD = 0.37), n = 30. Motic B2-211A, magnification 1.000 x, oil, in water.
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Slo.: Queletova golobica - Habitat: Young dense patch of Picea abies stand within predominantly Fagus sylvatica forests, south incline mountain slope, calcareous ground, no ground vegetation, shallow soil layer, warm place but total shade; partly protected from direct rain by tree canopies; average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 5-7 deg C, elevations 920 m (3,000 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. - Substratum: forest soil, almost certainly mycorrhiza with Picea abies. - Comments: Growing in loose group of several species; pileus diameter 8(10) cm, (3(4) inch), taste burning, smell fresh but not strong, flesh brittle, SP crme, pileus cuticle doesn't peel easily (the mushrooms were quite dry). - Spore dimensions: Warty, 8,0 (SD = 0,4) x 7,2 (SD = 0,4) micr., Q = 1,13 (SD = 0,04), n = 30. Motic B2-211A, magnification 1.000 x, oil, in water. - Ref.: (1) R.M. Daehncke, 1200 Pilze in Farbfotos, AT Verlag (2009), p 923 (2) http://www.terra.hu/gomba/html/russula_queletii.html (3) http://www.nahuby.sk/atlas-hub/Russula-queletii/Plavka-Queletova/Holubinka-Queletova/ID465 (4) http://www.pilz-baden.ch/galerie/queletii.html (5) Personal communication; determined by Mr. Bojan Rot, www.gobenabovskem.si and Mr. Anton Poler.
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Slo.: mecesnova mlečnica - Habitat: mountain pasture with scattered groups of Larix decidua and Picea abies trees, full sun, modestly inclined mountain slope, exposed to direct rain, average precipitations ~ 2.600 mm/year, average temperature 6-8 deg C, elevation 870 m (2.850 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. - Substratum: soil, under Larix decidua. - Comments: Growing scattered solitary and in groups; several pilei present.This mushroom grows mostly in the Alps and is strictly growing under Larix decidua trees. Is it edible or not seems questionable. In the literature one can find everything - from delicious, edible, conditionally edible to not edible. Pileus diameter up to 9 cm, stipe 4-5 cm and 1.2 - 1.4 cm diameter; smell distinctive, fresh, pleasant, like fruit jam; taste mild, pleasant, like nuts; flesh brittle; SP very faint, whitish(?); milk white, not abundant, not changing color for a long time. - Spores warty. Dimensions: 9.2 (SD = 0.8) x 7.5 (SD = 0.5) μ, Q = 1.22 (SD = 0.07), n = 19. Olympus CH20, NEA 100x/1.25, magnification 1.000 x, oil, in water. AmScope MA500 digital camera. - Herbarium: Mycotheca and lichen herbarium (LJU-Li) of Slovenian Forestry Institute, Večna pot 2, Ljubljana, Index Herbariorum LJF - Ref.: (1) Personal communication with Mr. Gregor Podgornik. (2) M. Bon, Parey's Buch der Pilze, Kosmos (2005), p 82. (3) A. Poler, Veselo po gobe (in Slovene), Mohorjeva druba Celovec (2002), p 246 (4) R.Lueder, Grundkurs Pilzbestimmung, Quelle & Meyer (2008), p 194.
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Slo.: belkasta kostenelka - Habitat: Mixed wood, predominantly broad leaved trees and bushes, flat terrain, in shade, cretaceous clastic rock (flysh) bedrock, quite humid place, partly protected from direct rain by tree canopies, average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 8-10 deg C, elevation 440 m (1.450 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. - Substratum: Dead Corylus avelana branch lying on ground, partly rotten but still in bark, about 4 cm in diameter. - Comments: Growing solitary, young specimen, pileus length about 5 cm (2 inches), quite strong 'mushroomy' smell, flesh leathery, SP faint, may be whitish? When found completely snow white, after two days (when photographed) somewhat beige. Extremely dense and small pores up to 12 pores/mm. Spore smooth, very small; hence measurements unreliable (with my equipment). Dimensions: 3.4 (SD = 0.4) x 0.7 (SD = 0.1) micr., Q = 5.43 (SD = 1.15), n = 22. Motic B2-211A, magnification 1.000 x, oil, in water. - Ref.: (1) A.Bernicchia, Polyporaceae s.l., Edizioni Candusso (2005), p 315. (2) http://www.mycobank.org/MycoTaxo.aspx?Link=T&Rec=323593 (3) http://www.funghiitaliani.it/index.php?showtopic=39403 (4) R.Phillips, Mushrooms, Macmillan (2006), p 510.
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Slo.: rjasti lepozob - Habitat: Mixed wood, predominantly Fagus sylvatica and Picea abies, in shade, protected from direct rain by tree canopies, calcareous ground, average precipitations ~3.000 mm/year, average temperature 6-8 deg C, elevation 990 m (3.250 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. - Substratum: Decomposing tree litter and soil among roots of an old Picea abies - Ref.: http://www.mycobank.org/MycoTaxo.aspx?Link=T&Rec=100986 G. Pace, Vse o gobah (in Slovene), Mladinska Knjiga (1997), p300