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Phellodon tomentosusZoned PhellodonSlo.: blazinasti plutozobDat.: Oct. 03. 2010Lat.: 46.38281 Long.: 13.78569Code: Bot_463/2010_IMG2681 Habitat: Young open mixed forest, predominately Picea abies, some Pinus.sp and Fagus sylvatica; grassy and mossy ground, quite humid ground, in half shade; no sun during winter months; nearly flat calcareous terrain, average precipitations ~3.000 mm/year, average temperature 6-8 deg C, elevation 830 m (2.700 feet), alpine phytogeographical region.Substratum: soil next to roots of Picea abies. Place: Zadnjica valley, lower Strunik place, East Julian Alps, Posoje, Slovenia EC Comments: Growing solitary, pileus diameter ~11 cm (4 inch); taste mild, smell aromatic, spicy; SP white; spore dimensions: warty, 4.0 (SD = 0.3) x 3.8 (SD = 0.3) micr., Q = 1.05 (SD = 0.05), n = 30.Ref.:(1) M.Bon, Parey's Buch der Pilze, Kosmos (2005), p 312. (2) R.M. Daehncke, 1200 Pilze in Farbfotos, AT Verlag (2009), p 1046. (3) D.Arora, Mushrooms Demystified, Ten Speed Press, Berkeley (1986), p 628.(4)
www.rogersmushrooms.com/gallery/DisplayBlock~bid~6611~sou...(5) Personal communication with Mr. Bojan Rot,
www.gobenabovskem.si .
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Mycena alba (Bres.) Khn., syn.: Mycena corticola ss. Bres., Omphalia alba Bres., Marasmiellus albus (Bres.) SingerWhite bonnet, DE: Weisser RindenhelmlingSlo.: belkasta eladicaDat.: Dec. 07. 2014Lat.: 46.35535 Long.: 13.69859Code: Bot_853/2014_DSC5112Habitat: alpine valley, river bank at the foot of steep north side of a mountain, locally almost flat terrain, calcareous ground, river bank vegetation mostly consisting of Salix eleagnos, Ostrya carpinifolia, Picea abies and some Fagus sylvatica; humid air and ground, partly sunny, exposed to direct rain; average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 7-9 deg C, elevation 525 m (1.720 feet), alpine phytogeographical region.Substratum: growing in bark crevices of a live, standing, grown up Ostrya carpinifolia covered by liverworts (Frullania sp. or eventually Radula sp.), mosses and lichens.Place: Lower Trenta valley, left bank of river Soa between villages Soa and Trenta, about 100 m downstream of the river bridge leading to the farmhouse 'Matev', Trenta 3, East Julian Alps, Posoje, Slovenia EC.Comments: According to Breitenbach (1995) (Ref.:1) only three 'winter' species of very large genus Mycena (over 200 species worldwide (Ref.:2) and 64 described in Slovenia (Ref.:3)) have round or almost round spores. Descriptions of Mycena alba in literature nicely fit to this observation. The species is considered rare almost everywhere (Ref.:2). There are only a few observations in Slovenia registered in the Boletus Informaticus data base so far. However the mushroom is probably much more frequent as data show. There is no doubt that it is overlooked frequently, since it is small. As far as I was able to check Ostrya carpinifolia has not been recorded yet as a host.Growing solitary in a group of more than 30 pilei all around a single tree trunk from 0.5 m to 1.8 m above ground level; pilei diameter 4 - 9 mm, stipe 5 - 8 mm long, diameter about 0.5 mm; taste poorly tested since the fungi are so small, apparently indistinctive; smell indistinctive; flesh quite firm considering miniature size of fruit bodies; SP faint, probably white.Spores smooth. Dimensions: 7 [7.7 ; 8] 8.8 x 5.7 [6.5 ; 6.8] 7.6 microns; Q = 1.1 [1.2] 1.3; N = 32; C = 95%; Me = 7.9 x 6.7 microns; Qe = 1.2. Olympus CH20, NEA 100x/1.25, magnification 1.000 x, oil; in water; live material. AmScope MA500 digital camera.Herbarium: Mycotheca and lichen herbarium (LJU-Li) of Slovenian Forestry Institute, Vena pot 2, Ljubljana, Index Herbariorum LJFRef.:(1) J. Breitenbach, F. Kraenzlin, Eds., Fungi of Switzerland, Vol.3. Verlag Mykologia(1995), p 260.(2) G.J. Krieglsteiner (Hrsg.), Die Grosspilze Baden-Wrttembergs, Band 3., Ulmer (2001), p 428. S rundoder fast rund(3) A. Poler, ed., Seznam gliv Slovenije (in Slovene) (Slovenian checklist of Fungi), 2nd Ed., Assoc. of Mycol. Soc. of Slovenia (1998), p 51.(4)
home.online.no/~araronse/Mycenakey/alba.htm (5)
www.museum-joanneum.at/fileadmin//user_upload/Stundienzen...
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Lavers Hill, Victoria, Australia
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salohaltianseitikkiMuurame, Finland2010-09-03
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A large, bulbopodium cortinarius known from Europe and North America. A confusing taxon.
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punarusokasAsikkala, Finland2010-08-11
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Lactarius salmonicolorSlo.: lososova sirovka Dat.: Oct. 08. 2012Lat.: 46.42911 Long.: 13.61802Code: Bot_666/2012_DSC5593Habitat: Dense mixed forest of young Picea abies, Abies alba, Larix decidua and Fagus Sylvatica, flat terrain, calcareous bedrock, probably acid soil, in shade (little ground vegetation), humid place, partly protected from direct rain by tree canopies, average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 2-4 deg C, elevation 1.410 m (4.625 feet), alpine phytogeographical region.Substratum: soil.Place: Mt. Mangart region, 500 m northeast of Mt. Planja, 1.553 m, near forest road to the foot of Mt. Mali vrh, 1.991 m, Loka Koritnica valley, East Julian Alps, Posoje, Slovenia EC Comments: Growing solitary and in groups, many species, pileus diameter up to 14 cm, stem up to 7 cm tall; taste pleasant at the beginning, then slowly turning slightly burning, smell pleasant mushroomy, flesh quite brittle, milk orange-red at the beginning then turns beep blood red, SP creamy oac(857).Spores warty with ornamentation. Dimensions: 9.2 (SD = 0.4) x 7.5 (SD = 0.4) micr., Q = 1.22 (SD = 0.07), n = 28 . Olympus CH20 (Motic B2-211A), NEA 100x/1.25, magnification 1.000 x, oil, in water. Ref.:(1) R.M. Daehncke, 1200 Pilze in Farbfotos, AT Verlag (2009), p 950. (2) R.Phillips, Mushrooms, Macmillan (2006), p 65. (3) M.Bon, Parey's Buch der Pilze, Kosmos (2005), p 80. (4) S.Buczacki, Collins Fungi Guide, Collins (2012), p 282.
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Hygrocybe pratensis syn.: Cuphophyllus pratensis, Hygrophorus pratensisMeadow Waxy CapSlo.: travnika tratnicaDat.: Oct. 20. 2010Lat.: 46.33209 Long.: 13.68841Code: Bot_472/2010_DSC5986 Habitat: Unimproved grassland, northeast oriented slope, calcareous ground, mostly sunny, exposed to direct rain, average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 6-8 deg C, elevations 615 m (2.000 feet), alpine phytogeographical region.Substratum: grassland soil. Place: Vrsnik valley, at the foot of Mt. rni vrh, 1.544 m (5.064 feet), East Julian Alps, Posoje, Slovenia EC Comments: growing scattered or solitary; pileus dry; taste and smell mild, undistinctive; SP white; pileus diameter 6 (9) cm (2.3 (3.5) inch). Spore dimensions: 6,6 (SD = 0,5) x 4,6 (SD = 0,3) micr., Q = 1,42 (SD = 0,10), n = 30. Ref.: (1) D. Boertmann, Hygrocybe, 2nd Rev., Svampetryk (2010), p 46(2) M.Bon, Parey's Buch der Pilze, Kosmos (2005), p 102(3) Personal communication with Mr. Bojan Rot,
www.gobenabovskem.si .(4)
www.mushroomexpert.com/hygrocybe_pratensis.html .(5)
www.grzyby.pl/gatunki/Hygrocybe_pratensis.htm .
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Postia caesia, syn.: Oligoporus caesius, Tyromyces caesius Conifer Bluing Bracket, Blauer SaftporlingSlo.: modri skutovecDat.: Jan. 11. 2014Lat.: 46.37043 Long.: 13.72595Code: Bot_781/2014_DSC9756Habitat: Mixed forest, Picea abies and Fagus sylvatica dominant trees, steep mountain slope, southeast oriented; calcareous ground; sunny place but in half shade; partly protected from direct rain by tree canopies; average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 6-8 deg C, elevation 620 m (2.034 feet), alpine phytogeographical region.Substratum: on cut-off surface of a small, dead trunk of Picea abies lying on ground partly still in bark, in late initial stage of disintegration.Place: Lower Trenta valley, at the foot of southeast slopes of Mt. Pelc, 2.109 m (6.919 feet), between the second and the third switchback of the forest road to Berebica, East Julian Alps, Posoje, Slovenia EC Comments: Growing solitary; pileus 7 x 3.5 x 2.5 cm, tube layer max 1.2 cm thick; smell indistinctive; flesh soft, fibrous, watery; bruising bluish-green-gray when handled; SP none; rather old sporocarp; spores taken from pore surface using soft, moist brush. Spores seem to be somewhat too small.Spores smooth, cylindrical and allantoid. Dimensions: 4.6 (SD = 0.3) x 1.5 (SD = 0.1) , Q = 3.14 (SD = 0.29), n = 30. Olympus CH20, NEA 100x/1.25, magnification 1.000 x, oil, in water. AmScope MA500 digital camera. Herbarium: Mycotheca and lichen herbarium (LJU-Li) of Slovenian Forestry Institute, Vena pot 2, Ljubljana, Index Herbariorum LJFRef.:(1) A.Bernicchia, Polyporaceaes.l., Fungi Europaei Vol.10., Edizioni Candusso (2005), p 332. (2) S. Buczacki, Collins Fungi Guide, Collins (2012), p 490. (3) M. Bon, Parey's Buch der Pilze, Kosmos (2005), p 316. (4) R. Phillips, Mushrooms, Macmillan (2006), p 313. (5) G.J. Krieglsteiner (Hrsg.), Die Grosspilze Baden-Wrttembergs, Band 1, Ulmer (2000), p 548. (6) L. Ryvarden, R.L. Gilbertson, European Polypores, part 2., Synopsis Fungorum 7., Fungiflora A/S (1994), p 435.
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Photographed in Manning Park, British Columbia, Canada
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Slimy with a bluish grey cap. Also known as I. geophylla var. lilacea. The range includes northern Europe and North America.
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Castel Fusano, Lazio, Italy
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Witches Butter
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Tulostoma fimbriatum Fr., syn.: Tulostoma granulosum LeveilleFringed Stalkball, DE: Gewimperte StielbovistSlo.: resasti puharDat.: Sept. 25. 2015Lat.: 46.36021 Long.: 13.70228Code: Bot_914/2015_DSC9243Habitat: growing from crevices among limestone rocks of a dry wall forming border of a pasture; mosses, Asplenium trichomanes, Asplenium ruta-muraria, Geranium macrorrhizum, Geranium robertianum, Sedum album also growing on the wall; about 1 m above ground level; half sunny, dry place, south aspect; partly under a large Tilia cordata canopy; partly protected from direct rain by it; average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 7 - 9 deg C, elevation 600 m (2.000 feet), alpine phytogeographical regionSubstratum: small amount of mixture of sandy soil and raw humus plus mosses among limestone rocks.Place: Lower Trenta valley, right bank of river Soa between villages Soa and Trenta, 'Na melu' place near cottage Trenta 2b, East Julian Alps, Posoje, Slovenia EC Comments: Spore sac subglobose, diameter 11 mm, height 9.5 mm; peridium quite firm, with granular surface (adhering grains) particularly at the bottom of it; much of spore material has already gone (seems an older sporocarp); peridium hole almost without projecting peristome, irregular, with fibrous edge, no darker hallo around it; stalk 55 mm long, spindle shaped, diameter 3.5 mm at the apex and 5 mm max at about 1/3 of its height, tough and hard, not pliant, very coarsely fibrous; fruitbody no smell, taste not tested; volva almost absent; capillitium hypha abundant, long, firm, elastic, thick walled, branched, rough on several places, septa rare, no clamps observed, hypha not much inflated at the septa; crystals very rare (if at all present); spore on mass and SP rusty-brown, oac684. Fruitbody was growing solitary.There are two species of genus Tulostoma listed in Slovenian check list of fungi - Tulostoma brumale and Tulostoma fimbriatum. The most common species of this genus is Tulostoma brumale, but observed traits apparently do not fit to it. This observation has very indistinctive volva (just a few brown scales), fruitbody has almost no projecting peristome and brownish hallo around it, crystals have been barely seen (if at all?), spores are too large and hypha at the septa is not or only slightly inflated (not strongly as for Tulostoma brumale according to Ref.:3 and others). Apparently macro- and microscopic traits fit well to Tulostoma fimbriatum. Habitat seems at first a bit strange (usually found on sandy soil and dunes) but Ref.:1. explicitly states also ' ... solitary also on old walls made of calcareous rocks...'. The only thing, which puzzles me, is spore surface. Shape and size if the spores agree with expectations reasonably well, however, all sources agree that their surface should be (minutely?) warty. My observations barely show 'warts'. Actually spores look like slightly polygonal, some warts can be seen here and there, but some spores seem also completely smooth (not in focus?). This could be due to my poor equipment and experience or the warts are very low, or they can be seen only if colored, or the spores are not yet mature (doesn't seem the case according to the condition of the fruitbody), or possibly this is not Tulostoma fimbriatum. Spores subglobose and variably shaped. Dimensions: 4.5 [5.2 ; 5.5] 6.2 x 4 [4.6 ; 4.8] 5.4 microns; Q = 0.9 [1.1 ; 1.2] 1.4; N = 40 ; C = 95%; Me = 5.4 x 4.7 microns; Qe = 1.2. Hypha diameter: 2.9 [4 ; 4.5] 5.6 microns; N = 29 ; C = 95%; Me = 4.2 microns (Ref.:2. 3 - 6 microns). Olympus CH20, NEA 100x/1.25, magnification 1.000 x, oil (spores, septa); NEA 40x/0.65, magnification 400x (hypha), in water. AmScope MA500 digital camera.Herbarium: Mycotheca and lichen herbarium (LJU-Li) of Slovenian Forestry Institute, Vena pot 2, Ljubljana, Index Herbariorum LJFRef.:(1) R.M. Daehncke, 1200 Pilze in Farbfotos, AT Verlag (2009), p 1096. (2) J. Breitenbach, F. Kraenzlin, Eds., Fungi of Switzerland, Vol.2. Verlag Mykologia (1986), p 396.(3) G.J. Krieglsteiner (Hrsg.), Die Grosspilze Baden-Wrttembergs, Band 2., Ulmer (2000), p 181. (4) W. Rothmaler, Exkursionsflora von Deutschland, Vol.1, Niedere Pflanzen, Elsevier, 3. Auflage (1994), p 511.(5) M.Bon, Parey'sBuch der Pilze, Kosmos (2005), p 300. (6) S.Buczacki, Collins Fungi Guide, Collins (2012), p 444.
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Chartali, Dushetis Raioni, Georgia
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Vasterbotten, Sweden
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This strikingly beautiful Hygrophorus prefers wet hollows in mixed forest overgrown with Sphagnum (mostly S. girgensohnii).
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Trametes pubescens (Schumach.: Fr.) Pilt, syn.: Coriolus pubescens (Schumach.: Fr.) Murr.DE: Samtige TrameteSlo.: puhasta ploskocevkaDat.: Nov. 17. 2015Lat.: 46.40365 Long.: 13.74211Code: Bot_927/2015_DSC9883Habitat: mixed wood, Fagus sylvatica, Picea abies, dominant trees with some Larix decidua and Fraxinus excelsior; steep mountain slope, west aspect, however in shade of mountains during winter months; rather cool and humid place; calcareous ground; partly protected from direct rain by tree canopies; average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 5 - 6 deg C, elevation 790 (2.600 feet), alpine phytogeographical region.Substratum: large, very old Fagus sylvatica, the tree is still alive, but fungus is growing on partly dead part of it, still in bark.Place: Zadnja Trenta valley; at the border of Forest reserve Kukla; about 100 m southwest of the memorial of Dr. Julius Kugy, poet and mountaineer of Julian Alps; near switchback no.48 of Vri alpine road, East Julian Alps, Posoje, Slovenia EC.Comments: This find has posed very interesting challenges for determination. Several options have been considered but apparently none fit to the find. Experts have been consulted but no definite solution found. Finally a sample has been sent to Dr. Leif Ryvarden, University of Oslo who determined it as Trametes pubescens. Many thanks to all involved in the problem solving - Dr. Nikica Ogris and Andrej Piltaver, Slovenian Forestry Institute, Bojan Rot, Bovec, Branko Vrhovnik, Horjul and specially to Prof. Ryvarden for his final determination.The main source of identification problems is probably very untypical shape of the pilei. Trametes pubescens has usually relatively thin pilei. According to the key of genus Trametes given in Krieglsteiner (2000), p585 the pilei are about 0.5 (1) cm thick, Ryvarden (2014), p417 states: "... Basidiocarps thin ... context up to 5 mm ... pore layer up to 4 mm thick..." and Bernicchia (2005), p535 gives " ... context 3-5 mm and pore layer 1-5 mm thick... ". The pilei found were up to 5 cm thick and in most cases triquetrous in cross-section. Also spores are significantly longer than normally expected.Growing in a few groups on the same part of a large tree; altogether more than 200 pilei present; majority of them laterally confluent, imbricate, some single; some effuse-reflexed, most of them triquetrous in cross-section; pilei dimensions: 8-10(16) x 4-5(6.5) cm and 2.5-5 cm thick; pore layer up to 8 mm thick; context of very low specific weight, corky, similar to dry Piptoporus betulinus; when dry quite firm, brittle, brakes to pieces; smell (of almost dry pilei) very mild but distinctive on what? ; taste indistinctive at the beginning, after a while mild and interesting, again on what?; 5% KOH reaction on context and pileus surface yellow-ocher with orange tint, on pores the same color but less distinctive; SP scarce, but distinctive (after making pilei moist and at 18-20 deg C), whitish-beige, oac851; fungi causing white root according to analysis of the wood made at the Forestry Institute of Slovenia.Spore dimensions determined twice from SP of different pilei. First measurement (pilei taken on Nov. 18. 2015): 7 [7.8; 8] 8.8 x 2 [2.4; 2.5] 2.9 microns; Q = 2.6 [3.2; 3.4] 3.9; N = 49; C = 95%; Me = 7.9 x 2.4 microns; Qe = 3.3. Second measurement (pilei taken on Nov. 23. 2015): 6.1 [7.3; 7.6] 8.9 x 2 [2.3; 2.4] 2.8 microns; Q = 2.5 [3.1; 3.2] 3.9 ; N = 62 ; C = 95%; Me = 7.5 x 2.4 microns; Qe = 3.2. Basidia clavate, dimensions: 14.2 [15.8; 17.7] 19.4 x 4.1 [5; 6.1] 7 microns; Q = 2.3 [2.8; 3.3] 3.8; N = 8; C = 95%; Me = 16.8 x 5.5 microns; Qe = 3.1. Hyphal system trimitic. Olympus CH20, NEA 100x/1.25, magnification 1.000 x, oil, in water, aniline blue; in vivo. AmScope MA500 digital camera.Herbarium: Mycotheca and lichen herbarium (LJU-Li) of Slovenian Forestry Institute, Vena pot 2, Ljubljana, Index Herbariorum LJFRef.:(1) Id'ed by Dr. Leif Ryvarden, University of Oslo.(2) G.J. Krieglsteiner (Hrsg.), Die Grosspilze Baden-Wrttembergs, Band 1., Ulmer (2000), p 589.(3) L. Ryvarden, I. Melo, Poroid fungi of Europe, Synopsis Fungorum 31., Fungiflora (2014), p 417. (4) A. Bernicchia, Polyporaceae s.l., Fungi Europaei, Vol. 10., Edizioni Candusso (2005), p 535. (5) S. Buczacki, Collins Fungi Guide, Collins (2012), p 509.