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Aplysina aerophoba in El Hierro Island, Canary Islands, Spain
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Holotype AHF-NHMLA D34, A: shape (scale mm) (photo Phyllis Sun), B: microphoto of cross section of skeleton showing columns of styles supported by polyactines, C: microphoto of a range of polyactine shapes.
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a, habit on deck, b, cross section of (hymedesmioid) skeleton, c-d, styles, e, subtylostyle, f, cladotylote acanthostyle, g, oxhorn toxa, h, long thin toxa, i, palmate isochela
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Rab (Croatia)
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Holotype AHF-NHMLA D34, A: detail of head of long thin style, B: short thick style, B1 detail of head of short thick style, C: short thin centrotylote (strongylo-)style, C1 detail of spined apex of short thin (strongylo-)style, C2 detail of centrotylote part of short thin (strongylo-)style, D: polyactines, D1 heavily spined basal cladus of polyactine, D2 lightly spined lateral cladus of polyactine, E: diactine polyactines.
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a, habit on the base of Neopetrosia eurystomata, b, cross section of skeleton, c, style, d-e, subtylostyles, f, acanthostrongyle, g, acanthostyles, h, toxas, i, palmate isochela
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Grotte a corail, Marseille, France. 25-07-2005.
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Holotype SMF 1618, A: fragments from holotype, B: long thin style (broken), B1 detail of head of long thin style, C: short thin style, C1 detail of head of short thin style, D short thick style, D1 detail of head of short thick style, E polyactines (From Van Soest et al. 2012).
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Bonaire specimen, RMNH 9238 (in situ)
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Grotte a corail, Marseille, France. 26-07-2005.
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Habit and SEM images of spicules, A1: Californian holotype, USNM 33630, encrusting a rock (scale = 1 cm), A2: Mexican Pacific specimen LEB-ICML-UNAM 1497, B cross section of peripheral region, C: thick section of basal mass of polyactines, D: fragments of long thin style, D1 microphoto of detail of rounded apex of long thin style, E: short thin style, F: short thick styles, G: three- to five-claded polyactines showing prominent bulbous ending of lateral cladi.
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Holotype ZMA Por. 06644 (left) and and sections of the surface (right)
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Sagres, Portugal. 21-07-2006.
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Holotype USNM 21412, A: massively encrusting shape with irregular surface (scale = 1 cm), B: long thin style, B1 detail of rounded end showing subterminal tyle, C: short thin centrotylote (strongylo-)style C1 detail of swollen roughened apex of short thin (strongylo-)style, D: short thick style, E: polyactines, E1 detail of basal cladus of polyactine, F diactinal polyactine.
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SEM images of the spicules of the holotype ZMA Por. 06644
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Ruecallan, Rathlin Island, Co Antrim, Northern Ireland, -29 m, 55 18.478N 6 16.127W. 6th June 2006 collector B. E. Picton. Ulster Museum Catalogue number Mc3395.
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Photo from one of Dendy's non-type slides showing polyactine with spined basal cladus and smooth lateral cladi.
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Holotype ZMA Por. 05164
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Holotype AHF D33, A: shape of holotype (photo Phyllis Sun), B: long thin style, B1 detail of head of long thin style, C: details of short thin style, D: polyactines, D1 reduced diactinal polyactine, D2 detail of spination of basal clade of three-claded polyactine, D3 detail of apex of lateral clade of three-claded polyactine, E: trichodragmas.
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SEM images of spicules of the holotype ZMA Por. 05164
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Holotype BMNH 1848.10.4.6,habit and SEM images of spicules, A: shape of holotype specimen (size bar = 1 cm), B: details of apices of long thin style, C: short thin style, C1 detail of rounded head of short thin style, D: oxeas, E: polyactine, F: trichodragma.
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Habit of paratype ZMA Por. 06972 in situ (a) and preserved holotype RMNH 9037 (b). Skeleton fibers of holotype (c-d)