Euphorbia verrucosa L., syn.: Tithymalus verrucosus (L.) Hill, Euphorbia brittingeri OpizWart Spurge, DE: Warzen-WolfsmilchSlo. bradaviasti mleekDat.: June 3. 2017Lat.: 46.37396 Long.: 13.73881Code: Bot_1063/2017_DSC01616Picture file names: from Euphorbia-verrucosa_raw_10 to Euphorbia-verrucosa_raw_15.Habitat: grassland, between a trail and river bank, flat terrain next to a river; alluvial, skeletal ground; calcareous ground; sunny, open, rather dry place; exposed to direct rain; elevation 580 m (1.900 feet); average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 7-9 deg C, alpine phytogeographical region. Substratum: soil.Place: Lower Trenta valley, Lower Trenta village, right bank of river Soa, near 'Pr' Mark' farm house, East Julian Alps, Posoje, Slovenia EC. Comment: Plants belonging to huge genus Euphorbia (about 2.000 species known worldwide!) are very interesting and very diverse but usually easy to recognize, at least those, which grow in Slovenia. They have strangely shaped flowers and extrude white milk when cut or injured. However, determination to species level is not always easy. Fortunately Euphorbia verrucosa has very typical fruits, which are covered with conspicuous coarse warts. Their stalks at the ground level are woody. Most of species of this large genus (about 40 species grow in Slovenia) are poisonous, some severely. Growing in a group of several plants with many flowering stalks. Ref.:(1) M.A. Fischer, W. Adler, K. Oswald, Exkursionsflora fr sterreich, Liechtenstein und Sdtirol, LO Landesmuseen, Linz, Austria (2005), p 458.(2) A. Martini et all., Mala Flora Slovenije (Flora of Slovenia - Key) (in Slovenian), Tehnina Zaloba Slovenije (2007), p 368. (3) E.J. Jger, Rothmaler 3, Exkursionsflora von Deutschland, 11. Aufl., Elsevier, Spectrum (2007), p 206. (4) D. Aeschimann, K. Lauber, D.M. Moser, J.P. Theurillat, Flora Alpina, Vol. 1., Haupt (2004), p 1002.