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Wet north facing area along creek at around 5850 ft. with Veratrum, Dodecatheon, azalea.
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Habitat: Riparian forest; Salix eleagnos, Picea abies, a few Pinus sp. dominant trees; on ground level Mercurialis perennis, Rubus saxatilis, Urtica dioica, Hepatica nobilis, Galeobdolon flavidum, Plantanthera bifolia, Cephalanthera rubra, Listera ovata; young alluvial, flat terrain; in shade, moist place, high air humidity; elevation 525 m (1.700 feet); average precipitations ~3.000 mm/year, average temperature 7-9 deg C, alpine phytogeographical region. Substratum: soil. Comment: Botrychium virginianum is a widely distributed fern. It is most common in North America and much rarer in Europe and Asia, where it appears only in scattered, small disjunct regions. In the Alps it is present only in their eastern part. In Slovenia it is a rare plant. Its taxonomy is still 'under construction'. Some experts distinguish two taxa: Botrychium virginianum var. virginianum growing in America and Botrychium virginianum var. (or ssp.) europaeum growing in Europe. Based on DNA research some claim it is a monophyletic species belonging to separate genus Botrypus. Actually it differs from other members of the genus Botrychium in several traits including number of chromosomes. Be it as it may, the plant is very old (more than 100 million years), existing even before other ferns had develop their spore producing organs (sporangia that are usually clustered to form sori) on the underside of their leaves (sporophyll fronds). Botrychium virginianum has its sporangia on separate vertical 'leaf', which is much different than its sterile leaf. Spores are distributed by the wind, so no insects are needed for proliferation. Hence the plant is green, displaying no vivid colors to attract them and us. Hence it is hard to find. Nevertheless, it is always a happy experience to come across this plant, partly because it is rare and partly because it usually grows in dark, secluded, mysterious thickets on rarely accessed places. Eight plants have been found this time, two of them were sterile. Protected according to: Uredba o zavarovanih prostoiveih rastlinskih vrstah, poglavje A, Uradni list RS, t. 46/2004 (Regulation of protected wild plants, chapter A, Official Gazette of Republic Slovenia, no. 46/2004), (2004).Enlisted in the Slovene Red List of rare and endangered species, marked by 'R' representing a rare species. Ref.: (1) M.A. Fischer, W. Adler, K. Oswald, Exkursionsflora fr sterreich, Liechtenstein und Sdtirol, LO Landesmuseen, Linz, Austria (2005), p 233. (2) A. Martini et all., Mala Flora Slovenije (Flora of Slovenia - Key) (in Slovenian), Tehnina Zaloba Slovenije (2007), p 88. (3) D. Aeschimann, K. Lauber, D.M. Moser, J.P. Theurillat, Flora Alpina, Vol. 1., Haupt (2004), p 64. (4) K. Lauber and G. Wagner, Flora Helvetica, 5. Auflage, Haupt (2012), p 48. (5)https://www.infoflora.ch/assets/content/documents/merkblaetter_artenschutz_de/botr_virg_d.pdf
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Many plants present in a small area, in open rocky habitat.
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Wet north facing area along creek at around 5850 ft. with Veratrum, Dodecatheon, azalea.
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Habitat: Riparian forest; Salix eleagnos, Picea abies, a few Pinus sp. dominant trees; on ground level Mercurialis perennis, Rubus saxatilis, Urtica dioica, Hepatica nobilis, Galeobdolon flavidum, Plantanthera bifolia, Cephalanthera rubra, Listera ovata; young alluvial, flat terrain; in shade, moist place, high air humidity; elevation 525 m (1.700 feet); average precipitations ~3.000 mm/year, average temperature 7-9 deg C, alpine phytogeographical region. Substratum: soil. Comment: Botrychium virginianum is a widely distributed fern. It is most common in North America and much rarer in Europe and Asia, where it appears only in scattered, small disjunct regions. In the Alps it is present only in their eastern part. In Slovenia it is a rare plant. Its taxonomy is still 'under construction'. Some experts distinguish two taxa: Botrychium virginianum var. virginianum growing in America and Botrychium virginianum var. (or ssp.) europaeum growing in Europe. Based on DNA research some claim it is a monophyletic species belonging to separate genus Botrypus. Actually it differs from other members of the genus Botrychium in several traits including number of chromosomes. Be it as it may, the plant is very old (more than 100 million years), existing even before other ferns had develop their spore producing organs (sporangia that are usually clustered to form sori) on the underside of their leaves (sporophyll fronds). Botrychium virginianum has its sporangia on separate vertical 'leaf', which is much different than its sterile leaf. Spores are distributed by the wind, so no insects are needed for proliferation. Hence the plant is green, displaying no vivid colors to attract them and us. Hence it is hard to find. Nevertheless, it is always a happy experience to come across this plant, partly because it is rare and partly because it usually grows in dark, secluded, mysterious thickets on rarely accessed places. Eight plants have been found this time, two of them were sterile. Protected according to: Uredba o zavarovanih prostoiveih rastlinskih vrstah, poglavje A, Uradni list RS, t. 46/2004 (Regulation of protected wild plants, chapter A, Official Gazette of Republic Slovenia, no. 46/2004), (2004).Enlisted in the Slovene Red List of rare and endangered species, marked by 'R' representing a rare species. Ref.: (1) M.A. Fischer, W. Adler, K. Oswald, Exkursionsflora fr sterreich, Liechtenstein und Sdtirol, LO Landesmuseen, Linz, Austria (2005), p 233. (2) A. Martini et all., Mala Flora Slovenije (Flora of Slovenia - Key) (in Slovenian), Tehnina Zaloba Slovenije (2007), p 88. (3) D. Aeschimann, K. Lauber, D.M. Moser, J.P. Theurillat, Flora Alpina, Vol. 1., Haupt (2004), p 64. (4) K. Lauber and G. Wagner, Flora Helvetica, 5. Auflage, Haupt (2012), p 48. (5)https://www.infoflora.ch/assets/content/documents/merkblaetter_artenschutz_de/botr_virg_d.pdf
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specimen collected by Steve Matson #1506
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This is a direct image from a flat-bed scanner of a plant collected from the site, which contained Ophioglossum plants estimated at more than 1,000 in number.
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This individual was the first B. pumicola plant to be seen in the wild in California since 1941, and was found by Mellen Colberg, Eric White and others on July 13 2009. A second, much smaller plant can be seen emerging near the top right in this image.
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Wet north facing area along creek at around 5850 ft. with Veratrum, Dodecatheon, azalea.
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Habitat: Riparian forest; Salix eleagnos, Picea abies, a few Pinus sp. dominant trees; on ground level Mercurialis perennis, Rubus saxatilis, Urtica dioica, Hepatica nobilis, Galeobdolon flavidum, Plantanthera bifolia, Cephalanthera rubra, Listera ovata; young alluvial, flat terrain; in shade, moist place, high air humidity; elevation 525 m (1.700 feet); average precipitations ~3.000 mm/year, average temperature 7-9 deg C, alpine phytogeographical region. Substratum: soil. Comment: Botrychium virginianum is a widely distributed fern. It is most common in North America and much rarer in Europe and Asia, where it appears only in scattered, small disjunct regions. In the Alps it is present only in their eastern part. In Slovenia it is a rare plant. Its taxonomy is still 'under construction'. Some experts distinguish two taxa: Botrychium virginianum var. virginianum growing in America and Botrychium virginianum var. (or ssp.) europaeum growing in Europe. Based on DNA research some claim it is a monophyletic species belonging to separate genus Botrypus. Actually it differs from other members of the genus Botrychium in several traits including number of chromosomes. Be it as it may, the plant is very old (more than 100 million years), existing even before other ferns had develop their spore producing organs (sporangia that are usually clustered to form sori) on the underside of their leaves (sporophyll fronds). Botrychium virginianum has its sporangia on separate vertical 'leaf', which is much different than its sterile leaf. Spores are distributed by the wind, so no insects are needed for proliferation. Hence the plant is green, displaying no vivid colors to attract them and us. Hence it is hard to find. Nevertheless, it is always a happy experience to come across this plant, partly because it is rare and partly because it usually grows in dark, secluded, mysterious thickets on rarely accessed places. Eight plants have been found this time, two of them were sterile. Protected according to: Uredba o zavarovanih prostoiveih rastlinskih vrstah, poglavje A, Uradni list RS, t. 46/2004 (Regulation of protected wild plants, chapter A, Official Gazette of Republic Slovenia, no. 46/2004), (2004).Enlisted in the Slovene Red List of rare and endangered species, marked by 'R' representing a rare species. Ref.: (1) M.A. Fischer, W. Adler, K. Oswald, Exkursionsflora fr sterreich, Liechtenstein und Sdtirol, LO Landesmuseen, Linz, Austria (2005), p 233. (2) A. Martini et all., Mala Flora Slovenije (Flora of Slovenia - Key) (in Slovenian), Tehnina Zaloba Slovenije (2007), p 88. (3) D. Aeschimann, K. Lauber, D.M. Moser, J.P. Theurillat, Flora Alpina, Vol. 1., Haupt (2004), p 64. (4) K. Lauber and G. Wagner, Flora Helvetica, 5. Auflage, Haupt (2012), p 48. (5)https://www.infoflora.ch/assets/content/documents/merkblaetter_artenschutz_de/botr_virg_d.pdf
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specimen collected by Steve Matson #1506
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Dozens of plants were present, growing in open soil covered by a layer of pumice.
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Habitat: Riparian forest; Salix eleagnos, Picea abies, a few Pinus sp. dominant trees; on ground level Mercurialis perennis, Rubus saxatilis, Urtica dioica, Hepatica nobilis, Galeobdolon flavidum, Plantanthera bifolia, Cephalanthera rubra, Listera ovata; young alluvial, flat terrain; in shade, moist place, high air humidity; elevation 525 m (1.700 feet); average precipitations ~3.000 mm/year, average temperature 7-9 deg C, alpine phytogeographical region. Substratum: soil. Comment: Botrychium virginianum is a widely distributed fern. It is most common in North America and much rarer in Europe and Asia, where it appears only in scattered, small disjunct regions. In the Alps it is present only in their eastern part. In Slovenia it is a rare plant. Its taxonomy is still 'under construction'. Some experts distinguish two taxa: Botrychium virginianum var. virginianum growing in America and Botrychium virginianum var. (or ssp.) europaeum growing in Europe. Based on DNA research some claim it is a monophyletic species belonging to separate genus Botrypus. Actually it differs from other members of the genus Botrychium in several traits including number of chromosomes. Be it as it may, the plant is very old (more than 100 million years), existing even before other ferns had develop their spore producing organs (sporangia that are usually clustered to form sori) on the underside of their leaves (sporophyll fronds). Botrychium virginianum has its sporangia on separate vertical 'leaf', which is much different than its sterile leaf. Spores are distributed by the wind, so no insects are needed for proliferation. Hence the plant is green, displaying no vivid colors to attract them and us. Hence it is hard to find. Nevertheless, it is always a happy experience to come across this plant, partly because it is rare and partly because it usually grows in dark, secluded, mysterious thickets on rarely accessed places. Eight plants have been found this time, two of them were sterile. Protected according to: Uredba o zavarovanih prostoiveih rastlinskih vrstah, poglavje A, Uradni list RS, t. 46/2004 (Regulation of protected wild plants, chapter A, Official Gazette of Republic Slovenia, no. 46/2004), (2004).Enlisted in the Slovene Red List of rare and endangered species, marked by 'R' representing a rare species. Ref.: (1) M.A. Fischer, W. Adler, K. Oswald, Exkursionsflora fr sterreich, Liechtenstein und Sdtirol, LO Landesmuseen, Linz, Austria (2005), p 233. (2) A. Martini et all., Mala Flora Slovenije (Flora of Slovenia - Key) (in Slovenian), Tehnina Zaloba Slovenije (2007), p 88. (3) D. Aeschimann, K. Lauber, D.M. Moser, J.P. Theurillat, Flora Alpina, Vol. 1., Haupt (2004), p 64. (4) K. Lauber and G. Wagner, Flora Helvetica, 5. Auflage, Haupt (2012), p 48. (5)https://www.infoflora.ch/assets/content/documents/merkblaetter_artenschutz_de/botr_virg_d.pdf
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specimen collected by Steve Matson #1506
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New population, 9179 ft., 2 plants, west aspect, Shastina, Mt. Shasta, above normal precipitation 2009/2010 winter with May snowpack 140%
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Habitat: Riparian forest; Salix eleagnos, Picea abies, a few Pinus sp. dominant trees; on ground level Mercurialis perennis, Rubus saxatilis, Urtica dioica, Hepatica nobilis, Galeobdolon flavidum, Plantanthera bifolia, Cephalanthera rubra, Listera ovata; young alluvial, flat terrain; in shade, moist place, high air humidity; elevation 525 m (1.700 feet); average precipitations ~3.000 mm/year, average temperature 7-9 deg C, alpine phytogeographical region. Substratum: soil. Comment: Botrychium virginianum is a widely distributed fern. It is most common in North America and much rarer in Europe and Asia, where it appears only in scattered, small disjunct regions. In the Alps it is present only in their eastern part. In Slovenia it is a rare plant. Its taxonomy is still 'under construction'. Some experts distinguish two taxa: Botrychium virginianum var. virginianum growing in America and Botrychium virginianum var. (or ssp.) europaeum growing in Europe. Based on DNA research some claim it is a monophyletic species belonging to separate genus Botrypus. Actually it differs from other members of the genus Botrychium in several traits including number of chromosomes. Be it as it may, the plant is very old (more than 100 million years), existing even before other ferns had develop their spore producing organs (sporangia that are usually clustered to form sori) on the underside of their leaves (sporophyll fronds). Botrychium virginianum has its sporangia on separate vertical 'leaf', which is much different than its sterile leaf. Spores are distributed by the wind, so no insects are needed for proliferation. Hence the plant is green, displaying no vivid colors to attract them and us. Hence it is hard to find. Nevertheless, it is always a happy experience to come across this plant, partly because it is rare and partly because it usually grows in dark, secluded, mysterious thickets on rarely accessed places. Eight plants have been found this time, two of them were sterile. Protected according to: Uredba o zavarovanih prostoiveih rastlinskih vrstah, poglavje A, Uradni list RS, t. 46/2004 (Regulation of protected wild plants, chapter A, Official Gazette of Republic Slovenia, no. 46/2004), (2004).Enlisted in the Slovene Red List of rare and endangered species, marked by 'R' representing a rare species. Ref.: (1) M.A. Fischer, W. Adler, K. Oswald, Exkursionsflora fr sterreich, Liechtenstein und Sdtirol, LO Landesmuseen, Linz, Austria (2005), p 233. (2) A. Martini et all., Mala Flora Slovenije (Flora of Slovenia - Key) (in Slovenian), Tehnina Zaloba Slovenije (2007), p 88. (3) D. Aeschimann, K. Lauber, D.M. Moser, J.P. Theurillat, Flora Alpina, Vol. 1., Haupt (2004), p 64. (4) K. Lauber and G. Wagner, Flora Helvetica, 5. Auflage, Haupt (2012), p 48. (5)https://www.infoflora.ch/assets/content/documents/merkblaetter_artenschutz_de/botr_virg_d.pdf
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specimen collected by Steve Matson #1506
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New population, 9179 ft., 2 plants, west aspect, Shastina, Mt. Shasta, above normal precipitation 2009/2010 winter with May snowpack 140%. First plant with Penstemon davidsonii, second in rock.
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Habitat: Riparian forest; Salix eleagnos, Picea abies, a few Pinus sp. dominant trees; on ground level Mercurialis perennis, Rubus saxatilis, Urtica dioica, Hepatica nobilis, Galeobdolon flavidum, Plantanthera bifolia, Cephalanthera rubra, Listera ovata; young alluvial, flat terrain; in shade, moist place, high air humidity; elevation 525 m (1.700 feet); average precipitations ~3.000 mm/year, average temperature 7-9 deg C, alpine phytogeographical region. Substratum: soil. Comment: Botrychium virginianum is a widely distributed fern. It is most common in North America and much rarer in Europe and Asia, where it appears only in scattered, small disjunct regions. In the Alps it is present only in their eastern part. In Slovenia it is a rare plant. Its taxonomy is still 'under construction'. Some experts distinguish two taxa: Botrychium virginianum var. virginianum growing in America and Botrychium virginianum var. (or ssp.) europaeum growing in Europe. Based on DNA research some claim it is a monophyletic species belonging to separate genus Botrypus. Actually it differs from other members of the genus Botrychium in several traits including number of chromosomes. Be it as it may, the plant is very old (more than 100 million years), existing even before other ferns had develop their spore producing organs (sporangia that are usually clustered to form sori) on the underside of their leaves (sporophyll fronds). Botrychium virginianum has its sporangia on separate vertical 'leaf', which is much different than its sterile leaf. Spores are distributed by the wind, so no insects are needed for proliferation. Hence the plant is green, displaying no vivid colors to attract them and us. Hence it is hard to find. Nevertheless, it is always a happy experience to come across this plant, partly because it is rare and partly because it usually grows in dark, secluded, mysterious thickets on rarely accessed places. Eight plants have been found this time, two of them were sterile. Protected according to: Uredba o zavarovanih prostoiveih rastlinskih vrstah, poglavje A, Uradni list RS, t. 46/2004 (Regulation of protected wild plants, chapter A, Official Gazette of Republic Slovenia, no. 46/2004), (2004).Enlisted in the Slovene Red List of rare and endangered species, marked by 'R' representing a rare species. Ref.: (1) M.A. Fischer, W. Adler, K. Oswald, Exkursionsflora fr sterreich, Liechtenstein und Sdtirol, LO Landesmuseen, Linz, Austria (2005), p 233. (2) A. Martini et all., Mala Flora Slovenije (Flora of Slovenia - Key) (in Slovenian), Tehnina Zaloba Slovenije (2007), p 88. (3) D. Aeschimann, K. Lauber, D.M. Moser, J.P. Theurillat, Flora Alpina, Vol. 1., Haupt (2004), p 64. (4) K. Lauber and G. Wagner, Flora Helvetica, 5. Auflage, Haupt (2012), p 48. (5)https://www.infoflora.ch/assets/content/documents/merkblaetter_artenschutz_de/botr_virg_d.pdf
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The image shows a group of about fifteen B. simplex plants in typical habitat, part of one of several populations in Panther Meadows. Leaves and flowers of Mimulus primuloides are also present.
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Associated species on Mt. Shasta include Senecio canus, Penstemmon davidsonii, Pinus albicaulis. 4 plants in 2 new areas found this year. Only 5 plants observed so far in 2010 on Mt. Shasta.
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Habitat: Riparian forest; Salix eleagnos, Picea abies, a few Pinus sp. dominant trees; on ground level Mercurialis perennis, Rubus saxatilis, Urtica dioica, Hepatica nobilis, Galeobdolon flavidum, Plantanthera bifolia, Cephalanthera rubra, Listera ovata; young alluvial, flat terrain; in shade, moist place, high air humidity; elevation 525 m (1.700 feet); average precipitations ~3.000 mm/year, average temperature 7-9 deg C, alpine phytogeographical region. Substratum: soil. Comment: Botrychium virginianum is a widely distributed fern. It is most common in North America and much rarer in Europe and Asia, where it appears only in scattered, small disjunct regions. In the Alps it is present only in their eastern part. In Slovenia it is a rare plant. Its taxonomy is still 'under construction'. Some experts distinguish two taxa: Botrychium virginianum var. virginianum growing in America and Botrychium virginianum var. (or ssp.) europaeum growing in Europe. Based on DNA research some claim it is a monophyletic species belonging to separate genus Botrypus. Actually it differs from other members of the genus Botrychium in several traits including number of chromosomes. Be it as it may, the plant is very old (more than 100 million years), existing even before other ferns had develop their spore producing organs (sporangia that are usually clustered to form sori) on the underside of their leaves (sporophyll fronds). Botrychium virginianum has its sporangia on separate vertical 'leaf', which is much different than its sterile leaf. Spores are distributed by the wind, so no insects are needed for proliferation. Hence the plant is green, displaying no vivid colors to attract them and us. Hence it is hard to find. Nevertheless, it is always a happy experience to come across this plant, partly because it is rare and partly because it usually grows in dark, secluded, mysterious thickets on rarely accessed places. Eight plants have been found this time, two of them were sterile. Protected according to: Uredba o zavarovanih prostoiveih rastlinskih vrstah, poglavje A, Uradni list RS, t. 46/2004 (Regulation of protected wild plants, chapter A, Official Gazette of Republic Slovenia, no. 46/2004), (2004).Enlisted in the Slovene Red List of rare and endangered species, marked by 'R' representing a rare species. Ref.: (1) M.A. Fischer, W. Adler, K. Oswald, Exkursionsflora fr sterreich, Liechtenstein und Sdtirol, LO Landesmuseen, Linz, Austria (2005), p 233. (2) A. Martini et all., Mala Flora Slovenije (Flora of Slovenia - Key) (in Slovenian), Tehnina Zaloba Slovenije (2007), p 88. (3) D. Aeschimann, K. Lauber, D.M. Moser, J.P. Theurillat, Flora Alpina, Vol. 1., Haupt (2004), p 64. (4) K. Lauber and G. Wagner, Flora Helvetica, 5. Auflage, Haupt (2012), p 48. (5)https://www.infoflora.ch/assets/content/documents/merkblaetter_artenschutz_de/botr_virg_d.pdf