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Gall caused by the larva of the fly. Photo on the right shows the interior of the gall with the larval chamber in the middle.
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Larvae found in goldenrod gall
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Larvae found in goldenrod gall
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Larvae found in goldenrod gall
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Larvae found in goldenrod gall
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Stem had a ball shape little higher than the middle. Some had a brittle leaf bloom coming out.
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Maybe
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Predated by bird
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