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Slo.: rjavozelena golobica - Habitat: Mixed forest, deciduous trees dominant, nearly flat terrain, cretaceous clastic rock (flysh) bedrock, in shade, partly protected from direct rain by tree canopies, average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 8-10 deg C, elevations 430 m (1.400 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. - Substratum: forest soil, rotten leaves, some needles and wood debris. - Comments: Growing solitary, pileus diameter about 8 cm. Taste indistinctive, smell mild but distinctive on ?? Spore print white. Spore dimensions: 5,7 (SD=0,4) x 4,8 (SD=0,4) micr., Q = 1,17 (SD=0,07), n = 30 . Motic B2-211A, magnification 1.000 x, oil, in water. - Ref.: (1) Personal communication. Determined by Mr. Anton Poler. (2) R.M. Daehncke, 1200 Pilze in Farbfotos, AT Verlag (2009), p 858. (3) M.Bon, Parey's Buch der Pilze, Kosmos (2005), p 56 (4) A. Poler, Veselo po gobe, Mohorjeva druba, Celovec (in Slovene), (2002), p 158. (5) http://www.rogersmushrooms.com/gallery/DisplayBlock~bid~6021~source~gallerychooserresult.asp .
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Slo.: rjavozelena golobica - Habitat: Mixed forest, deciduous trees dominant, nearly flat terrain, cretaceous clastic rock (flysh) bedrock, in shade, partly protected from direct rain by tree canopies, average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 8-10 deg C, elevations 430 m (1.400 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. - Substratum: forest soil, rotten leaves, some needles and wood debris. - Comments: Growing solitary, pileus diameter about 8 cm. Taste indistinctive, smell mild but distinctive on ?? Spore print white. Spore dimensions: 5,7 (SD=0,4) x 4,8 (SD=0,4) micr., Q = 1,17 (SD=0,07), n = 30 . Motic B2-211A, magnification 1.000 x, oil, in water. - Ref.: (1) Personal communication. Determined by Mr. Anton Poler. (2) R.M. Daehncke, 1200 Pilze in Farbfotos, AT Verlag (2009), p 858. (3) M.Bon, Parey's Buch der Pilze, Kosmos (2005), p 56 (4) A. Poler, Veselo po gobe, Mohorjeva druba, Celovec (in Slovene), (2002), p 158. (5) http://www.rogersmushrooms.com/gallery/DisplayBlock~bid~6021~source~gallerychooserresult.asp .
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Slo.: panika pranica - syn.: Lycoperdon spadiceum Pers. - Habitat: dry pasture occasionally still grazed by sheep, moderately inclined terrain, south east aspect; calcareous, colluvial, skeletal ground; open, warm, sunny place; exposed to direct rain, average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 7-9 deg C, elevation 610 m (2.000 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. - Substratum: sandy soil. - Comments: Growing in a group of three sporocarps; their dimensions (diameter/height in mm) 22/18, 20/17 and 15/13; smell unpleasant, taste not tested; SP and mature, cottony-powdery gleba umbra brown, aoc735. - Features of the collection such as (small) dimensions of sporocarps, color of gleba and SP, spores with very short apiculus, no apiculus fragments present, abundant capillitium, with fragile, very sparsely branched, thick walled hypha without septa, as well as habitat and substratum argue for its belonging to Lycoperdon lividum. Subgleba was whitish when sporocarp was freshly cut and light brown later when dry without membranous separation from gleba. However, there was not much of it. Literature states that it can occupy up to 1/5 (Ref.:5) (up to 1/3 in Ref.: 3) of fruitbody volume, which was not the case with this collection. - Spores are subglobose, warty, with indistinctive apiculus. Dimensions: 4.1 [4.4 ; 4.5] 4.8 x 3.8 [4.1 ; 4.3] 4.6 microns; Q = [1 ; 1.07] 1.1; N = 32; C = 95%; Me = 4.4 x 4.2 microns; Qe = 1.1. Capillitium hypha thick walled, diameter 2.1 [3.8 ; 4.6] 6.2 microns, N = 30; C = 95%; Me = 4.2 microns. Olympus CH20, NEA 100x/1.25, magnification 1.000 x, oil (spores, hypha); NEA 40x/0.65, magnification 400x (hypha), in water, Congo red. AmScope MA500 digital camera. - Herbarium: Mycotheca and lichen herbarium (LJU-Li) of Slovenian Forestry Institute, Vena pot 2, Ljubljana, Index Herbariorum LJF - Ref.: (1) G.J. Krieglsteiner (Hrsg.), Die Grosspilze Baden-Wrttembergs, Band 2., Ulmer (2000), p 146. (2) J. Breitenbach, F. Kraenzlin, Eds., Fungi of Switzerland, Vol.2., Verlag Mykologia (1986), p 392. (3) R.Phillips, Mushrooms, Macmillan (2006), p 330. (4) S.Buczacki, Collins Fungi Guide, Collins (2012), p 432. SP 3.5-4.5/3.5-4 (5) W. Rothmaler, Exkursionsflora von Deutschland, Vol.1, Niedere Pflanzen, Elsevier, 3. Auflage, (1994), p 517.
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Slo.: panika pranica - syn.: Lycoperdon spadiceum Pers. - Habitat: dry pasture occasionally still grazed by sheep, moderately inclined terrain, south east aspect; calcareous, colluvial, skeletal ground; open, warm, sunny place; exposed to direct rain, average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 7-9 deg C, elevation 610 m (2.000 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. - Substratum: sandy soil. - Comments: Growing in a group of three sporocarps; their dimensions (diameter/height in mm) 22/18, 20/17 and 15/13; smell unpleasant, taste not tested; SP and mature, cottony-powdery gleba umbra brown, aoc735. - Features of the collection such as (small) dimensions of sporocarps, color of gleba and SP, spores with very short apiculus, no apiculus fragments present, abundant capillitium, with fragile, very sparsely branched, thick walled hypha without septa, as well as habitat and substratum argue for its belonging to Lycoperdon lividum. Subgleba was whitish when sporocarp was freshly cut and light brown later when dry without membranous separation from gleba. However, there was not much of it. Literature states that it can occupy up to 1/5 (Ref.:5) (up to 1/3 in Ref.: 3) of fruitbody volume, which was not the case with this collection. - Spores are subglobose, warty, with indistinctive apiculus. Dimensions: 4.1 [4.4 ; 4.5] 4.8 x 3.8 [4.1 ; 4.3] 4.6 microns; Q = [1 ; 1.07] 1.1; N = 32; C = 95%; Me = 4.4 x 4.2 microns; Qe = 1.1. Capillitium hypha thick walled, diameter 2.1 [3.8 ; 4.6] 6.2 microns, N = 30; C = 95%; Me = 4.2 microns. Olympus CH20, NEA 100x/1.25, magnification 1.000 x, oil (spores, hypha); NEA 40x/0.65, magnification 400x (hypha), in water, Congo red. AmScope MA500 digital camera. - Herbarium: Mycotheca and lichen herbarium (LJU-Li) of Slovenian Forestry Institute, Vena pot 2, Ljubljana, Index Herbariorum LJF - Ref.: (1) G.J. Krieglsteiner (Hrsg.), Die Grosspilze Baden-Wrttembergs, Band 2., Ulmer (2000), p 146. (2) J. Breitenbach, F. Kraenzlin, Eds., Fungi of Switzerland, Vol.2., Verlag Mykologia (1986), p 392. (3) R.Phillips, Mushrooms, Macmillan (2006), p 330. (4) S.Buczacki, Collins Fungi Guide, Collins (2012), p 432. SP 3.5-4.5/3.5-4 (5) W. Rothmaler, Exkursionsflora von Deutschland, Vol.1, Niedere Pflanzen, Elsevier, 3. Auflage, (1994), p 517.
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Slo.: grbančasta slojevka - Habitat: Secondary mixed forest, deciduous trees dominant, nearly flat terrain, cretaceous clastic rock (flysh) bedrock, in shade, partly protected from direct rain by tree canopies, average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 8-10 deg C, elevations 460 m (1.500 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. - Substratum: dead but still standing and not yet debarked Alnus incana. - Comments: Growing on mossy bark of a tree. Photographed in almost dry state. Hymenium dull ocher-orange (oac757), at the thin margins almost white; mostly resupinate, rarely somewhat effused-reflexed, small huts blakish-brouwn; SP abundant, crme color (oac857); after keeping it at 100% relative humidity and room temperatures for a few days it started bruising reddish when handled and secreting blood-red milk when scratcher with a needle or knife. - Spores smooth, dimensions: 10.4 (SD = 0.7) x 4.7 (SD = 0.4) micr., Q = 2.21 (SD = 0.24), n = 30. Motic B2-211A, magnification 1.000 x, oil, in water. Ref.: (1) A.Bernicchia, S.P.Gorjon, Cortitiaceae s.i., Flora Europea Vol.12., Edizioni Candusso (2010), pp 640. (2) G.J.Krieglsteiner (Hrsg.), Die Grosspilze Bade-Wrttembergs, Band 1., Ulmer (2000), p 336. (3) R.Phillips, Mushrooms, Macmillan (2006), p 317. (4) M.Bon, Parey's Buch der Pilze, Kosmos (2005), p 310.
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Slo.: grbančasta slojevka - Habitat: Secondary mixed forest, deciduous trees dominant, nearly flat terrain, cretaceous clastic rock (flysh) bedrock, in shade, partly protected from direct rain by tree canopies, average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 8-10 deg C, elevations 460 m (1.500 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. - Substratum: dead but still standing and not yet debarked Alnus incana. - Comments: Growing on mossy bark of a tree. Photographed in almost dry state. Hymenium dull ocher-orange (oac757), at the thin margins almost white; mostly resupinate, rarely somewhat effused-reflexed, small huts blakish-brouwn; SP abundant, crme color (oac857); after keeping it at 100% relative humidity and room temperatures for a few days it started bruising reddish when handled and secreting blood-red milk when scratcher with a needle or knife. - Spores smooth, dimensions: 10.4 (SD = 0.7) x 4.7 (SD = 0.4) micr., Q = 2.21 (SD = 0.24), n = 30. Motic B2-211A, magnification 1.000 x, oil, in water. Ref.: (1) A.Bernicchia, S.P.Gorjon, Cortitiaceae s.i., Flora Europea Vol.12., Edizioni Candusso (2010), pp 640. (2) G.J.Krieglsteiner (Hrsg.), Die Grosspilze Bade-Wrttembergs, Band 1., Ulmer (2000), p 336. (3) R.Phillips, Mushrooms, Macmillan (2006), p 317. (4) M.Bon, Parey's Buch der Pilze, Kosmos (2005), p 310.
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Slo.: beli govnar - Habitat: grassland, pasture, northwest inclined mountain slope; shallow, skeletal, colluvial, calcareous ground; open place, partly sunny place, exposed to direct rain; average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 7-9 deg C, elevation 610 m (2.000 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. - Substratum: rather old, washed-out horse dung. - Comments: Panaeolus semiovatus is considered as a mushroom with a ring on its stipe. However, some of them do not have it. In this observation there was no trace of it. Such observations are treated by different authors either on subspecies or variation level as Panaeolus semiovatus ssp./var. phalaenarum or on the species level as Panaeolus phalaenarum. Presently Index Fungorum recognizes as a valid name only Panaeolus semiovatus. How complex is the situation can be concluded by the fact that IF states 30 synonym names! - Growing in a group of four fruit bodies; the pilei diameters 52, 31, 14 and 13 mm, the largest pileus was 35 mm high; stipe firm, not hollow, without ring; stipe length/diameter 130/7 mm, 90/4.5 mm, 70/3 and 60/2.6 mm; smell slightly mushroomy; taste mild, indistinctive; SP dark warm brown, oac733 but darker. - Spores smooth, somewhat flattened. Dimensions: 14 [15.6 ; 16.3] 18 x 8.8 [10.1 ; 10.6] 11.9 microns; Q = 1.4 [1.5 ; 1.6] 1.7; N = 30; C = 95%; Me = 16 x 10.4 microns; Qe = 1.5. Olympus CH20, NEA 100x/1.25, magnification 1.000 x, oil, in water. AmScope MA500 digital camera. - Herbarium: Mycotheca and lichen herbarium (LJU-Li) of Slovenian Forestry Institute, Vena pot 2, Ljubljana, Index Herbariorum LJF. - Ref.: (1) S. Buczacki, Collins Fungi Guide, Collins (2012), p 116. (2) R. Phillips, Mushrooms, Macmillan (2006), p 261. (3) D. Arora, Mushrooms Demystified, Ten Speed Press, Berkeley (1986), p 355. (4) J. Breitenbach, F. Kraenzlin, Eds., Fungi of Switzerland, Vol.4. Verlag Mykologia (2000), p 261. (5) G.J. Krieglsteiner (Hrsg.), Die Grosspilze Baden-Wrttembergs, Band 5., Ulmer (2010), p 597. (6) M. Bon, Parey's Buch der Pilze, Kosmos (2005), p 264.
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Habitat: Mixed mountain forest, predominantly Fagus sylvatica and Picea abies, old stands, under Fagus sylvatica; modestly inclined south slope, calcareous bedrock, acid soil (Vaccinium myrtillus), relatively warm place , partly shady, partly protected from direct rain by tree canopies, average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 2-4 deg C, elevation 1.335 m (4.400 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. - Substratum: soil. - Comments: Growing on two places some 70 m apart. On the first one in a small group of about 10 fruit bodies among Luzula, sp.(probably sylvatica), Oxalis acetosella and Vaccinium myrtillis; on the second one only two fruitbodies present, in a thicket of young Fagus sylvatica and Picea abies, in total shade, a place without ground vegetation (too dark). Pileus diameter 4 to 5 cm, stem up to 7 cm long. SP rosty red-brown, oac 687, abundant. Taste and smell indistinctive. - Spores very finely warty, warts barely visible under my scope. Dimensions: 8.3 (SD = 0.6) x 5.4 (SD = 0.3) micr., Q = 1.54 (SD = 0.1), n = 30. Olympus CH20, NEA 100x/1.25 oil, magnification 1.000 x, in water. - Ref.: (1) Personal communication with Mr. Anton Poler. (2) S.Buczacki, Collins Fungi Guide, Collins (2012), p 350. (3) J.Breitenbach, F.Kraenzlin, Eds., Fungi of Switzerland, Vol.5. Verlag Mykologia (1984), p 248. (4) M.Bon, Parey's Buch der Pilze, Kosmos (2005), p 224. (5) R.M. Daehncke, 1200 Pilze in Farbfotos, AT Verlag (2009), p 708. (6) R.Phillips, Mushrooms, Macmillan (2006), p 198.
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Slo.: grenka velepodvihanka - syn.: Leucopaxillus amarus auct., Clitocybe gentianea Qul., Clitocybe amara sensu auct., Lepista amara sensu auct. - Habitat: Mixed forest, Fagus sylvatica and Picea abies dominant trees; moderately inclined mountain slope, southeast aspect; calcareous ground; relatively warm place; partly protected from direct rain by tree canopies; average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 5-7 deg C, elevation 930 m (3.050 feet), alpine phytogeographical region.Substratum: soil.Comment: Leucopaxillus gentianeus is a beautiful mushroom with its nicely brown, felted hut, however, with disgusting taste. Definitely not a candidate for culinary experiences! Three pilei were found; pilei diameter up to 10 cm; gills can be easily separated from trama as a separate layer; not discoloring brownish on handling (as some sources say); smell mild, indistinctive, somewhat mushroomy or mealy; taste much unpleasant, bitter, jerked, or on some chemistry, persistent; SP abundant, white.Spores minutely warty (barely visible with my equipment and in water). Dimensions: (5.2) 5.5 - 6.3 (7) x (4.1) 4.3 - 5.1 (5.6) microns; Q = (1.1) 1.14 - 1.4 (1.5); N = 30; Me = 5.9 x 4.8 microns; Qe = 1.2. Olympus CH20, NEA 100x/1.25, magnification 1.000 x, oil; in water, fresh material. AmScope MA500 digital camera.Ref.: (1) Personal communication with Mr. Bojan Rot, www.gobenabovskem.si (2) S. Buczacki, Collins Fungi Guide, Collins (2012), p 206. (3) J. Breitenbach, F. Kraenzlin, Eds., Fungi of Switzerland, Vol.3. Verlag Mykologia (1995), p 218. (4) G.J. Krieglsteiner (Hrsg.), Die Grosspilze Baden-Wrttembergs, Band 3., Ulmer (2001), p 302.(5) M. Bon, Parey's Buch der Pilze, Kosmos (2005), p 162. (6) R. Phillips, Mushrooms, Macmillan (2006), p 96. (7) http://www.mycoquebec.org/bas.php?trie=L&l=l&nom=Leucopaxillus%20gentianeus%20/%20Leucopaxille%20amer&tag=Leucopaxillus%20gentianeus&gro=36 (accessed Nov.8. 2017)(8) http://www.mushroomexpert.com/leucopaxillus_gentianeus.html (accessed Nov.8. 2017)
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Slo.: grenka velepodvihanka - syn.: Leucopaxillus amarus auct., Clitocybe gentianea Qul., Clitocybe amara sensu auct., Lepista amara sensu auct. - Habitat: Mixed forest, Fagus sylvatica and Picea abies dominant trees; moderately inclined mountain slope, southeast aspect; calcareous ground; relatively warm place; partly protected from direct rain by tree canopies; average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 5-7 deg C, elevation 930 m (3.050 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. Substratum: soil. Comment: Leucopaxillus gentianeus is a beautiful mushroom with its nicely brown, felted hut, however, with disgusting taste. Definitely not a candidate for culinary experiences! Three pilei were found; pilei diameter up to 10 cm; gills can be easily separated from trama as a separate layer; not discoloring brownish on handling (as some sources say); smell mild, indistinctive, somewhat mushroomy or mealy; taste much unpleasant, bitter, jerked, or on some chemistry, persistent; SP abundant, white. Spores minutely warty (barely visible with my equipment and in water). Dimensions: (5.2) 5.5 - 6.3 (7) x (4.1) 4.3 - 5.1 (5.6) microns; Q = (1.1) 1.14 - 1.4 (1.5); N = 30; Me = 5.9 x 4.8 microns; Qe = 1.2. Olympus CH20, NEA 100x/1.25, magnification 1.000 x, oil; in water, fresh material. AmScope MA500 digital camera. Ref.: (1) Personal communication with Mr. Bojan Rot, www.gobenabovskem.si (2) S. Buczacki, Collins Fungi Guide, Collins (2012), p 206. (3) J. Breitenbach, F. Kraenzlin, Eds., Fungi of Switzerland, Vol.3. Verlag Mykologia (1995), p 218. (4) G.J. Krieglsteiner (Hrsg.), Die Grosspilze Baden-Wrttembergs, Band 3., Ulmer (2001), p 302. (5) M. Bon, Parey's Buch der Pilze, Kosmos (2005), p 162. (6) R. Phillips, Mushrooms, Macmillan (2006), p 96. (7) http://www.mycoquebec.org/bas.php?trie=L&l=l&nom=Leucopaxillus%20gentianeus%20/%20Leucopaxille%20amer&tag=Leucopaxillus%20gentianeus&gro=36 (accessed Nov.8. 2017) (8) http://www.mushroomexpert.com/leucopaxillus_gentianeus.html (accessed Nov.8. 2017)
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Slo.: kravnjaa, prona lupljivka - Habitat: Grassland, former pasture overgrown with scattered Picea abies and some Larix decidua, flat sandy calcareous ground, well settled alluvial deposits, fairly sunny, exposed to direct rain, average temperature 6-8 deg C, average precipitations ~3.000 mm/year, elevation 960 m (3.150 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. - Substratum: mossy soil. - Comment 1: Uncertain determination. Surprising, but definitely no Pinus sp. around, but a few young Picea abies at 3-5 m (10 - 16 feet) away and a few large Larix decidua at about 10+ m (30+ feet) away. According to literature it should be mycorrhiza with Pinus sp. Unusually strongly decurent pores, cuticle sticky, 5 - 6 specimens in a loose group. Spore print faint, ocker(?). Spore dimensions: 10.0 (SD=0.7) x 4.3 (SD=0.2) micr, n=20. Motic B1-211A, magnification 1.000 x, oil, in water. - Comment 2: Additional information has been gathered through Mr. Gregor Podgornik, NAC (Natural History Center) Tolmin, Slovenia and his colleagues Christopher Hahn, UNI Muenchen, dr. Armin Mesi, Institute Rudjer Bokovi, Zagreb and dr. Alfredo Vizzini, UNI Torino. The referees agree that this is not a normal S. bovinus, but probably one with deformed hymenophore apparently by a virus, looking like a mix between S. tridentinus and S. bovinus. - Ref.: (1) G. Pace, Vse o gobah (in Slovene), Mladinska Knjiga (1997), p 269. (2) J.Grom, Nae gobe (in Slovene), epna Knjiga, (1981), p 25. (3) M.Bon, Pareys Buch der Pilze, Kosmos (2005), p 48. (4) R.M.Daehncke, 1200 Pilze in Farbfotos, AT Verlag (2009), p 34. (5) R.Lueder, Grundkurs Pilzbestimmung, Quelle & Mayer (2008), p 368.
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Slo.: kravnjaa, prona lupljivka - Habitat: Grassland, former pasture overgrown with scattered Picea abies and some Larix decidua, flat sandy calcareous ground, well settled alluvial deposits, fairly sunny, exposed to direct rain, average temperature 6-8 deg C, average precipitations ~3.000 mm/year, elevation 960 m (3.150 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. - Substratum: mossy soil. - Comment 1: Uncertain determination. Surprising, but definitely no Pinus sp. around, but a few young Picea abies at 3-5 m (10 - 16 feet) away and a few large Larix decidua at about 10+ m (30+ feet) away. According to literature it should be mycorrhiza with Pinus sp. Unusually strongly decurent pores, cuticle sticky, 5 - 6 specimens in a loose group. Spore print faint, ocker(?). Spore dimensions: 10.0 (SD=0.7) x 4.3 (SD=0.2) micr, n=20. Motic B1-211A, magnification 1.000 x, oil, in water. - Comment 2: Additional information has been gathered through Mr. Gregor Podgornik, NAC (Natural History Center) Tolmin, Slovenia and his colleagues Christopher Hahn, UNI Muenchen, dr. Armin Mesi, Institute Rudjer Bokovi, Zagreb and dr. Alfredo Vizzini, UNI Torino. The referees agree that this is not a normal S. bovinus, but probably one with deformed hymenophore apparently by a virus, looking like a mix between S. tridentinus and S. bovinus. - Ref.: (1) G. Pace, Vse o gobah (in Slovene), Mladinska Knjiga (1997), p 269. (2) J.Grom, Nae gobe (in Slovene), epna Knjiga, (1981), p 25. (3) M.Bon, Pareys Buch der Pilze, Kosmos (2005), p 48. (4) R.M.Daehncke, 1200 Pilze in Farbfotos, AT Verlag (2009), p 34. (5) R.Lueder, Grundkurs Pilzbestimmung, Quelle & Mayer (2008), p 368.
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Slo.: rnomodra rdeelistka - syn.: Rhodophyllus atrides (Lasch.: Fr.) Quelet - Habitat: pasture; moderately inclined mountain slope, grassland; southeast aspect; shallow, calcareous ground; open, rather dry and sunny place; exposed to direct rain; average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 7-9 deg C, alpine phytogeographical region.Substratum: soil.Comments: Entoloma is a large genus. Different estimates vary from 600 to 2.000 species worldwide and about 260 in Europe. Entoloma serrulatum is widely distributed and grows from North Africa up to 70 deg latitude in the subarctic regions. It is very tolerant to different ground properties regarding humidity, nutrient content, type of bedrock, acidity, etc. (Ref.:1). Only intensive human agriculture and too much of nitrogen in the ground kills it immediately (particularly fertilizing with fresh manure).It is interesting to observe how the pilei are changing color with time. Young pilei are almost black tinged deep blue or violet; the gills are initially whitish or lightly bluish. These colors are then gradually changing to more pinkish and finally to brownish colors. One can find quite differently looking pilei next to each other. The gills have characteristic and usually distinctive blue-black edge. The mushrooms were photographed on two places near each other on the same pasture. Thez were growing solitary and in scattered groups of several fruit bodies. There were about 20 of them all together. Pilei diameter from 20 to 35(48) mm, stipe from 6 to 11 cm long and from 2 to 3.5 mm in diameter; taste mild, mushroomy, pleasant; smell pleasant, mushroomy; flesh brittle; stipe fibrous, hollow; SP abundant, pinkish-ochre, oac651.Spores irregular angular. Dimensions: 9.2 [10.1 ; 10.4] 11.3 x 6.5 [7.4 ; 7.8] 8.8 microns; Q = 1.2 [1.3 ; 1.4] 1.5; N = 40; C = 95%; Me = 10.3 x 7.6 microns; Qe = 1.4. Olympus CH20, NEA100x/1.25, magnification 1.000 x, oil, in water, in vivo. AmScope MA500 digital camera.Herbarium: Mycotheca and lichen herbarium (LJU-Li) of Slovenian Forestry Institute, Vena pot 2, Ljubljana, Index Herbariorum LJFRef.:(1) G.J. Krieglsteiner (Hrsg.), Die Grosspilze Baden-Wrttembergs, Band 12345, Ulmer (2003), p 170. (2) R. Phillips, Mushrooms, Macmillan (2006), p 162. (3) S. Buczacki, Collins Fungi Guide, Collins (2012), p 138. (4) R.M. Daehncke, 1200 Pilze in Farbfotos, AT Verlag (2009), p 422. (5) J. Breitenbach, F. Kraenzlin, Eds., Fungi of Switzerland, Vol.4., Verlag Mykologia (2000), p 104. (6) L. Hagar, Ottova Encyklopedia Hb, Ottova Nakladatelstvi, Praha (2015) (in Slovakian), p 825.Nikon D700/Nikkor Micro 105mm/f2.8
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Slo.: rnomodra rdeelistka - syn.: Rhodophyllus atrides (Lasch.: Fr.) Quelet - Habitat: pasture; moderately inclined mountain slope, grassland; southeast aspect; shallow, calcareous ground; open, rather dry and sunny place; exposed to direct rain; average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 7-9 deg C, alpine phytogeographical region. Substratum: soil. Comments: Entoloma is a large genus. Different estimates vary from 600 to 2.000 species worldwide and about 260 in Europe. Entoloma serrulatum is widely distributed and grows from North Africa up to 70 deg latitude in the subarctic regions. It is very tolerant to different ground properties regarding humidity, nutrient content, type of bedrock, acidity, etc. (Ref.:1). Only intensive human agriculture and too much of nitrogen in the ground kills it immediately (particularly fertilizing with fresh manure). It is interesting to observe how the pilei are changing color with time. Young pilei are almost black tinged deep blue or violet; the gills are initially whitish or lightly bluish. These colors are then gradually changing to more pinkish and finally to brownish colors. One can find quite differently looking pilei next to each other. The gills have characteristic and usually distinctive blue-black edge. The mushrooms were photographed on two places near each other on the same pasture. Thez were growing solitary and in scattered groups of several fruit bodies. There were about 20 of them all together. Pilei diameter from 20 to 35(48) mm, stipe from 6 to 11 cm long and from 2 to 3.5 mm in diameter; taste mild, mushroomy, pleasant; smell pleasant, mushroomy; flesh brittle; stipe fibrous, hollow; SP abundant, pinkish-ochre, oac651. Spores irregular angular. Dimensions: 9.2 [10.1 ; 10.4] 11.3 x 6.5 [7.4 ; 7.8] 8.8 microns; Q = 1.2 [1.3 ; 1.4] 1.5; N = 40; C = 95%; Me = 10.3 x 7.6 microns; Qe = 1.4. Olympus CH20, NEA100x/1.25, magnification 1.000 x, oil, in water, in vivo. AmScope MA500 digital camera. Herbarium: Mycotheca and lichen herbarium (LJU-Li) of Slovenian Forestry Institute, Vena pot 2, Ljubljana, Index Herbariorum LJF Ref.: (1) G.J. Krieglsteiner (Hrsg.), Die Grosspilze Baden-Wrttembergs, Band 12345, Ulmer (2003), p 170. (2) R. Phillips, Mushrooms, Macmillan (2006), p 162. (3) S. Buczacki, Collins Fungi Guide, Collins (2012), p 138. (4) R.M. Daehncke, 1200 Pilze in Farbfotos, AT Verlag (2009), p 422. (5) J. Breitenbach, F. Kraenzlin, Eds., Fungi of Switzerland, Vol.4., Verlag Mykologia (2000), p 104. (6) L. Hagar, Ottova Encyklopedia Hb, Ottova Nakladatelstvi, Praha (2015) (in Slovakian), p 825. Nikon D700/Nikkor Micro 105mm/f2.8
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