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Slo.: ? - Habitat: Partly overgrown scree and rock slopes at the foot of steep mountain side, SW exposed, light and warm place, full sun, fully exposed to precipitations, medium air humidity, precipitations ~3.000 mm/year, average temperature 8-10 deg C, elevation 380 m (1.250 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. Substratum: sandy calcareous soil pocket Ch: squamule thallus K-, KC+ light yellow, P+ pale red (?)
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Habitat: abandoned stony pasture, moderately southeast inclined mountain slope with some Picea abies and Corylus avellana bushes, overgrown calcareous, stony ground, however possibly somewhat acid; very shallow soil layer, more or less open place, but mostly in shade of high Picea abies trees,exposed to direct rain, average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 7-9 deg C, elevations 590 m (1.950 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. - Substratum: stony ground, among low grasses and mosses. - Comment: Determined by habitus and habitat only. No chemistry tests done. This species is very variable according to literature. Usually published pictures show much less podetia squamules and less branched habitus. Hence I have doubts the determination is correct. On other side. Ref.:(1) shows very similar habitus. Also I was unable to find a better alternative with characteristically almost absent ground squamules and typical 'cups' of the podetia. - Ref.: (1) W. Rothmaler, Exkursionsflora von Deutschland, Vol.1, Niedere Pflanzen, Elsevier, 3. Auflage (1994), p 604. (2) C.W. Smith, et all, The lichens of Great Britain and Ireland,The British Lichen Society (2009), p 329. (3) F.S. Dobson, Lichens, The Richmonds Publishing Ca. LTD (2005), p 140. (4) V. Wirth, Die Flechten Baden-Wrttembergs, Vol.1. Ulmer (1995), p 327.
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Synonimy.: Biatorina candida (Weber) Jatta, Lecidea candida (Weber) Ach., Psora candida (Weber) Hoffm., Diphloeis candida (Weber) Clem. - Habitat: steep mountain slope southwest aspect; almost vertical calcareous bedrock ground; relatively warm place; full sun; partly protected from direct rain; average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 6-8 deg C, elevations 659 m (2.150 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. Substratum: Cracked, vertical or partly overhanging calcareous rock surface. Comment: Toninia candida seems to be a rather rare lichen in Slovenia. Although Ref. 6 lists a few observations in different phytogeographical regions of Slovenia, Ref. 7 knows a single UTM square with it. A few specimens were found at the place of this observation. Photographed in half damp conditions. Thallus K-, eventually barely noticeable light yellow. No microscopy has been done.Ref.:(1) V. Wirth, Die Flechten Baden-Wrttembergs, Teil.2., Ulmer (1995), p 911.(2) http://www.afl-lichenologie.fr/Photos_AFL/Photos_AFL_T/Toninia_candida.htm (accessed March 19. 2018)(3) U. Suppan, J. Prugger, H. Mayrhofer, Catalogue of the lichenized and lichenicolous fungi of Slovenia, http://members.chello.at/johannes.pruegger/uni/slovenia/ (accessed March 18. 2018)(4) http://dbiodbs.univ.trieste.it/italic/italic42?specie=1556&us=fl (accessed March 19. 2018)(5) P.L. Nimis, Image archive of ITALIC, Dryades Project http://dbiodbs.units.it/carso/chiavi_pub52 (6) N. Ogris (ed), Boletus informaticus, Slovenian Forestry Institute http://www.zdravgozd.si/bi_index.aspx (accessed March 18. 2918)
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Slo.: ? - Habitat: Scree and rocks slope, SW exposed, dry, slightly over hanged W exposed side, partly shaded and rain protected, precipitations ~2.800 mm/year, air humidity medium, overage temperature 8-10 degC, alpine phytogeographical region. Substratum: limestone boulder
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K+R reaction of medulla
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Habitat: At the tree line, S faced steep alpine grassland, open space, partly exposed to sun and rain, precipitations ~3.000 mm/year, average temperature 2-4 deg C, elevation 1.900 m (6.200 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. Substratum: bark of a Larix decidua tree near its base, west oriented.
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Slo.: islandski lisaj, islandski mah
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Slo.: ? - Syn.: Parmelia pastillifera (Harm.) R. Schub. & Klem., Parmelia tiliacea var. pastillifera (Harm.) Grummann - Habitat: tree hedge between abandoned pastures; moderately inclined mountain slope, south-east aspect; relatively warm and dry place; calcareous ground, sunny place; exposed to direct rain; average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 7-9 deg C, elevations 600 m (1.950 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. Substratum: bark of medium and small size branches of (almost) stand-alone, recently cut down Juglans regia.Comment: Parmelina pastillifera is a small to middle-size but beautiful and conspicuous lichen. Its rosettes 2-7(10) cm in diameter are characteristic by its light mineral-gray to whitish appearance with blue tint, appressed to substrate lobes with a thin, dark edge and few short cilia. Thallus underside is black (but lighter near the edge) with crowded, simple, black rhizines. The species loves precipitations. So, no wander it feels well in Trenta valley with its about 3.000 mm (120 inches) of rain per year.However, there exists another, more frequent species, Parmelina tiliacea, which is very similar to Parmelina pastillifera. It is practically impossible to distinguish both by habit only. In spite of this, they can be easily separated by observing their isidia (magnifying glass required). Both species have isidia when grown up. Parmelina pastillifera has black, button- or bun-shaped isidia, many of them are stalked. When they break off a small, white scar remains on the thallus surface (Ref.: 2) (see picture 7). On the other side Parmelina tiliacea has dark brown, cylindrical or coralloid isidia. Both species are rather rare and on the Red List at least in Germany (Ref.:5). In this observation many specimens were growing on branches (having 24 cm in diameter) of this tree. All of them were sterile (without apothecia), which is almost always the case.Ref.:(1) C.W. Smith, et al, The lichens of Great Britain and Ireland, The British Lichen Society, (2009), p 657.(2) V. Wirth, R. Dll, Farbatlas Flechten und Moose, Ulmer, (2000), p 74.(3) V. Wirth, Die Flechten Baden-Wrttembergs, Teil.2., Ulmer (1995), p 665.(4) F.S. Dobson, Lichens, The Richmonds Publishing Ca.LTD (2005), p 305.(5) B. Marbach, C. Kainz, Moose, Farne und Flechten, BLV (2002), p 74.(6) http://www.lichens.lastdragon.org/Parmelina_pastillifera.html (accessed Feb. 17. 2018)
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Habitat: Mixed forest mostly Picea abies/Fagus sylvatica, moist alpine valley, quite shaded, insolation minimal, air humidity medium to high, exposed to precipitation, precipitations ~3.000 mm/year, average temperature 6-8 deg C, elevation 950 m (3.100 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. Substratum: A mossy tree stump almost completely decomposed into soil
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Synonymy: Parmotrema chinense (Osbeck) Hale & Ahti, Imbricaria perlata (Huds.) Krb., Parmelia ciliata (DC.) Nyl., Parmelia perlata (Huds.) Ach., Parmotrema trichotera (Hue) M. Choisy, Platysma perlatum (Huds.) Frege, - Habitat: dense macchia next to a dirt path; slightly inclined terrain, west aspect; sunny, warm, dry place; calcareous ground; partly protected from direct rain by canopies; average precipitations ~ 900-1000 mm/year, average temperature 13-15 deg C, elevations 100 m (340 feet), sub-Mediterranean phytogeographical region. Substratum: Dead Fraxinus ornus branch. Comment: Parmotrema perlatum is a common lichen on island Krk. It prefers branches of Quercus sp. trees; however, the specimen photographed was found on Fraxinus ornus branches and twigs. It is a sensitive species to pollution hence it is much rarer in populated regions of industrialized countries and already regionally extinct in some parts of Europe. Its lobes are thin, very wavy, with abundant soralia and scarce black cilia at the margins. Underside is black with simple rhizines in the center and tan-colored and bare at margins. Apothecia are generally considered very rare; however, this was not the case for this observation. The species has been traditionally used for medical purposes in India as a diuretic and headache relief. It has proven sedative and antibiotic effects (Ref.5). Many specimens have been observed at the place of this observation. Pictures show the lichen in moist state (except picture 1. in dry state). Ref.: (1) F.S. Dobson, Lichens, The Richmonds Publishing Ca.LTD (2005), p 310. (2) V. Wirth, Die Flechten Baden-Wrttembergs, Teil.2., Ulmer (1995), p 678. (3) http://dryades.units.it/italic/index.php?procedure=taxonpage&num=1599 (accessed May 19. 2018) (4) C.W.Smith, et all, The lichens of Great Britain and Ireland,The British Lichen Society,(2009), p 662. (5) I.M. Brodo, S.D. Sharnoff, S.Sharnoff, Lichens of North America, Yale Uni. Press (2001), p 493.
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Slo.: ? - syn.: Callopisma rupestre f. incrustans (DC.) Walt. Watson, Caloplaca incrustans (DC.) Flagey, Lecanora incrustans (DC.) Ach., Lecidea incrustans (DC.) Chevall., Lecidea incrustans (DC.) Chevall. - Habitat: man made stone wall delimiting former pastures now partly overgrown with bushes and trees; slightly inclined mountain slope, southeast aspect; calcareous ground; partly in shade; relatively dry and warm place; partly protected from direct rain by tree canopies; average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 7-9 deg C, elevations 580 m (1.900 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. - Substratum: +/- vertical hard calcareous rock surface. - Comment: Genus Protoblastenia is comprised by lichens living on rock (saxicolous). Their thallus is crustose or grows within solid rock (endolithic) or it is something in between these two options. These lichens have usually yellow, orange or red apothecia and simple cell spores (Ref.:3). Their similarity to Caloplaca species on macroscopic level causes frequent confusions. However, Caloplaca species have two celled spores (septate spores), which distinguish them from Protoblastenia species with certainty. - Protoblastenia incrustans is a common lichen, but it is certainly many times overlooked. Namely, thallus is usually endolithic and consequently hard to be seen. Its apothecia are very small, from only 200 to 500 microns in diameter (Ref.:3) and can also hardly be seen by naked eye in spite of the fact that they are bright yellow-orange color. Characteristically, its apothecia sit in small pits in the rock. Their surface is from slightly concave to slightly convex shape, most of them are nearly flat. This species is an arctic-alpine element (Ref.:5). - Ref.:(1) F.S. Dobson, Lichens, The Richmonds Publishing Ca.LTD (2005), p 364.(2) http://www.dorsetnature.co.uk/pages-lichen/lch-387.html (accessed 28.2.2018) (3) C.W.Smith, et all, The lichens of Great Britain and Ireland,The British Lichen Society,(2009), p 750.(4) V. Wirth, Die Flechten Baden-Wrttembergs, Teil. 2., Ulmer (1995), p 773.(5) I.M. Brodo, S.D. Sharnoff, S.Sharnoff, Lichens of North America, Yale Uni. Press (2001), p 586.
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