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Tricholoma sulphureumSulphur Knight Gas Agaric, Schwefel-RitterlingSlo.: veplena kolobarnicaDate: Oct. 28. 2009Lat.: 46.36167 Long.: 13.70097Code: Bot_396/397/2009-0296/0349Habitat: young mixed wood/thicket (mostly Fagus sylvatica, Picea abies, Fraxinus ornus), fairly flat, shallow, calcareous, southeast faced ground, in shade, partly protected from direct rain by tree canopies, average precipitations ~3.000 mm/year, average temperature 6-8 deg C, elevation 640 m (2.100 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. Substratum: mossy forest groundPlace: Trenta valley, northeast of 'Na Melu' place, south-east slopes of Mt. Bavki Grintavec, 2.347 m (7.701 feet), East Julian Alps, Posoje, Slovenia ECComments: Spores 10.2 m (SD=0.5 m) x 6.9 m (SD=0.4 m), n=20; unmistakable awful and strong smell, like a poorly maintained sulfur water spa.Motic B1-211, magnification 1.000 x, oil, in water. Ref:Personal communication Mr. Bojan Rot,
www.gobenabovskem.si/M.Bon, Pareys Buch der Pilze, Kosmos (2005), p 152R.M.Daehncke, 1200 Pilze in Farbfotos, AT Verlag (2009), p 238
www.rogersmushrooms.com/gallery/DisplayBlock~bid~6875~sou...
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Tricholoma aurantiumGolden Orange Tricholoma, DE: Orangeroter RitterlingSlo.: oranna kolobarnicaDat.: Oct. 8. 2012Lat.: 46.43181 Long.: 13.61063Code: Bot_666/2012_DSC5621 Habitat: Picea abies wood mixed with Fagus sylvatica, almost flat terrain, calcareous ground, in shade, almost no ground vegetation, partly protected from direct rain by tree canopies, average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 2-4 deg C, elevation 1.350 m (4.350 feet), alpine phytogeographical region.Substratum: forest soil.Place: Mt. Mangart's Alp (Mangartska planina), north of the central meadow, East Julian Alps, Posoje, Slovenia EC Comments: This beautiful mushroom is not common in Slovenia. It is most frequently found in cultural and not natural landscape, namely in intensively forested stands of Picea abies (Ref.:(3)). Growing solitary, scattered and in groups, over 30 pilei at the site; pileus diameter up to 13 cm, stipe up to 8 cm tall; surface of the cap viscid, some pilei beaded with orange droplets; taste strong persistent, unpleasant, some kind of bitter, very specific; smell strong almost pleasant, on flour? fruits?, strange; SP white (oac909).Spores smooth, broad elliptical to globose. Dimensions: 5.3 (SD = 0.4) x 4.1 (SD = 0.3) , Q = 1.31 (SD = 0.09), n = 30. Olympus CH20, NEA 100x/1.25, magnification 1.000 x, oil, in water. AmScope MA500 digital camera.Ref.:(1) Personal communication with Mr. Bojan Rot,
www.gobenabovskem.com.(2) M.Bon, Parey's Buch der Pilze, Kosmos (2005), p 160. 5.5/4 (3) H.Doerfelt and E. Ruske, Die Welt der Pilze,Wissdorn-Verlag, Jena (2008), p 177.(4) D.Arora, Mushrooms Demystified, Ten Speed Press, Berkeley (1986), p 187. 4-6/3-5 (5) R.M. Daehncke, 1200 Pilze in Farbfotos, AT Verlag (2009), p 228. 4-5/3-3,5 (6)
www.mushroomexpert.com/tricholoma_aurantium.html 5-6/3-4
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Pseudoclitocybe cyathiformisSlo.: latviasta palivkaDat.: Nov. 21. 2010Lat.: 46.33061 Long.: 13.69033Code: Bot_478/2010_IMG3257Habitat: Unimproved grassland grassed by sheep, northeast oriented mountain slope, calcareous ground, mostly sunny, exposed to direct rain, average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 6-8 deg C, elevations 630 m (2.050 feet), alpine phytogeographical region.Substratum: grassland soil. Place: Vrsnik valley, at the foot of Mt. rni vrh, 1.544 m (5.064 feet), East Julian Alps, Posoje, Slovenia EC Comments: Growing solitary or two, tree together, pileus diameter up to 55 mm; smell mild, pleasant; SP white, slightly beige. Spore smooth, dimensions 8.3 (SD = 0.6) x 5.3 (SD = 0.4) micr., Q = 1.65 (SD = 0.12), n = 30.Ref.:(1) R.M. Daehncke, 1200 Pilze in Farbfotos, AT Verlag (2009), p 290. (2) M.Bon, Parey's Buch der Pilze, Kosmos (2005), p 130. (3) R.Lueder, Grundkurs Pilzbestimmung, Quelle & Meyer (2008), p 223. (4) A.Poler, Veselo po gobe (in Slovene), Mohorjeva druba Celovec (2002), p 218.
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Lepista nudaWood Blewit, Violetter Roetelritterling Slo.: vijoliasta kolesnicaDate: Nov. 13. 2009Lat.: 46.34999 Long.: 13.68182Code: Bot_400/2009-0675Habitat: mossy upland grassland, fairly flat, quite deep, humid, calcareous, south faced ground, partly in shade of a Juniperus communis bush, exposed to rain, average precipitations ~3.000 mm/year, average temperature 6-8 deg C, elevation 890 m (2.900 feet), alpine phytogeographical region.Substratum: soilPlace: Lemovlje settlement, Trenta valley, East Julian Alps, Posoje, Slovenia ECComments: Spores 8,0 (SD=1,1) micr x 4,6 (SD=0,5) micr, n= 20. Spore print crme to light ocher with a slight pink tint, taste mild, smell pleasant mushroomy. Gills can be easily separated from pileus.Ref.: personal communication Mr. Bojan Rot
www.gobenabovskem.si/. R.M.Daehncke, 1200 Pilze in Farbfotos, AT Verlag (2009), p 213. R.Lueder, Grundkurs Pilzbestimmung, Quelle & Mayer (2008), p 398.
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Clitocybe odora (Bull.: Fr.) Kumm, syn.: Clitocybe viridis (With.) GilletAniseed Funnel, Blue-green Clitocybe, DE: Grner AnistrichterlingSlo.: janeeva livkaDat.: Oct. 9. 2012Lat.: 46.35009 Long.: 13.57265Code: Bot_667/2012_IMG1427Habitat: former pastures, now light mixed wood, Picea abies, Fagus sylvatica, Fraxinus ornus, Corylus avellana dominant; moderately inclined mountain slope, southeast aspect; colluvial, skeletal, calcareous ground; in haft shade; dry and relatively warm place; partly protected from direct rain by tree canopies; average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 8-9 deg C, elevation 635 m (2.080 feet), alpine phytogeographical region.Substratum: soil, under a canopy of Picea abies.Place: Bovec basin, at the base of Mt. ukla; east of meadows near Plajer farmhouse, East Julian Alps, Posoje, Slovenia EC.Comments: Clitocybe odora is easy to recognize. Blue-greenish appearance and strong characteristic smell on anis are distinctive.Growing scattered, several fruit bodies present; pileus diameter up to 6 cm, stipe length up to 5 cm; taste pleasant, on anis, smell strong on anis, sweets; SP whitish-beige.Spores smooth. Dimensions: 4,9 [5,9 ; 6,4] 7,4 x 3,1 [3,7 ; 3,9] 4,5 microns; Q = 1,3 [1,6 ; 1,7] 1,9; N = 37; C = 95%; Me = 6,1 x 3,8 microns; Qe = 1,6. Olympus CH20, NEA 100x/1.25, magnification 1.000 x, oil, fresh material, in water. AmScope MA500 digital camera.Ref.:(1) Personal communication with Mr. Bojan Rot;
www.gobenabovskem.com.(2) J. Breitenbach, F. Kraenzlin, Eds., Fungi of Switzerland, Vol.3. Verlag Mykologia (1991), p 164. (3) R. Phillips, Mushrooms, Macmillan (2006), p 91. (4) M. Bon, Parey's Buch der Pilze, Kosmos (2005), p 136. (5) S. Buczacki, Collins Fungi Guide, Collins (2012), p 166. (6) R. Lueder, Grundkurs Pilzbestimmung, Quelle & Meyer (2008), p 234. Canon G11, 6.1-30mm/f2.8-4.5
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Melanoleuca subalpina, (Britz.) Bresinsky & Stangl., Melanoleuca evenosa ss. Konr., Melanoleuca strictipes ss. Khn, Tricholoma cnistass. Bres.EN: ?, DE: ?Slo.: tenkobetna gostolistka (assuming Melanoleuca strictipes and Melanoleuca alpina are synonyms) (Melanoleuca alpina is not listed in SI checklist)Dat.: Aug. 1. 2014Lat.: 46.44223 Long.: 13.63734Code: Bot_820/2014_DSC2416Habitat: east inclined moderately steep alpine grassland, calcareous ground, open place, full sun, exposed to direct rain, average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature about 0 deg C, elevation 2.030 m (6.600 feet), alpine phytogeographical region.Substratum: soil.Place: Mangart's flats, just below ez jezik pass, east of Mt. Skala, 2.133 m (6.996 feet), East Julian Alps, Posoje, Slovenia EC Comments: At least three names can be found in literature in connection with relatively large, more or less whitish Melanoleuca species growing at alpine elevations - Melanoleuca subalpina, Melanoleuca evenosa and Melanoleuca strictipes. Taxonomy of these taxa seems to me messy; to my knowledge no monograph dedicated to this genus is available. Some authors, including Index Fungorum, consider these names as separate species; some consider them as synonyms (for example Breitenbach (1991)). Ref.: 1. considers Melanoleuca subalpina and Melanoleuca evenosa synonyms and Melanoleuca strictipes a separate species. Ref.:3. considers Melanoleuca evenosa and Melanoleuca strictipes as synonyms. In literature data about spore dimensions also contradicts.The find shown corresponds excellently to the description of Melanoleuca subalpina given in Dhncke (2009), hence I decided for it. Since pilei diameters of this observation in average equal or exceed stipe length this should be Melanoleuca alpina and not Melanoleuca strictipes (ss. Ref.4) (assuming both are separate species). However measured spore dimensions of this find do not fit to data given in Dhncke (2009), but they fit well to Breitenbach (1991) and Bresinsky (1977) and also to other sources (assuming Melanoleuca strictipes and Melanoleuca subalpina are synonyms). More and more I value Arora's advise that '... exact identities of closely related Melanoleuca-s are best left to Melanoleuca-masters'.Growing in a group of about 10 pilei in an area of about 4 x 4 m; pileus diameter 6-8(16) cm, hygrophanous to some extent; stipe shorter or equal to pileus diameter (see Ref.3.); taste mild; smell mild but characteristic, may be slightly on vegetable or turnips?; flesh brittle and watery, fibrous in stipe, SP abundant, beige, oac851.Spores smooth. Dimensions: 8.4 [9 ; 9.3] 9.8 x 4.3 [4.6 ; 4.8] 5.1 microns, Q = 1.8 [1.9 ; 2] 2.1; N = 32; C = 95%; Me = 9.1 x 4.7 microns; Qe = 1.9. Olympus CH20, NEA 100x/1.25, magnification 1.000 x, oil, in water. AmScope MA500 digital camera.Herbarium: Mycotheca and lichen herbarium (LJU-Li) of Slovenian Forestry Institute, Vena pot 2, Ljubljana, Index Herbariorum LJFRef.:(1) R. M. Dhncke, 1200 Pilze in Farbfotos, AT Verlag (2009), p 299. (2) J. Breitenbach, F. Kraenzlin, Eds., Fungi of Switzerland, Vol.3. Verlag Mykologia (1991), p 252. (3) G.J. Krieglsteiner (Hrsg.), Die Grosspilze Baden-Wrttembergs, Band 3., Ulmer (2001), p 376. (4) A. Bresinsky, J. Stangl, Beitragezur Revision M. Brizelmeyrs: Hymenomyceten aus (5) D. Arora, Mushrooms Demystified, Ten Speed Press, Berkeley (1986), p 171. (6) G.L. Bue, F. Montacchini, A.Ceruti, Macromycetes of the Alpine Belt: Mycocoenological investigations in the Western Italian Alps by Multivariable Methods, Coenoses (1994) 9(3),
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Melanoleuca polioleuca (Fr. 1821) Khn. & Mre. 1934, syn.: Melanoleuca melaleuca ss. Bress., Khn. 1974, Melanoleuca oreina (Fr. 1815) Khn. & Mre. 1934, Melanoleuca vulgaris (Pat. 1887) Pat. 1900 (non 1897)Common Cavalier, DE: Schwarzweisser WeichritterlingSlo.: pegasta gostolistkaDat.: Oct. 19. 2014Lat.: 46.36029 Long.: 13.70264Code: Bot_850/2014_DSC4876Habitat: grassland mowed twice a year, semiruderal calcareous ground next to a small wooden building, on its southeast side, flat terrain, partly sunny, exposed to direct rain, average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 7-9 deg C, elevation 600 m (1.950 feet), alpine phytogeographical region.Substratum: soil.Place: Lower Trenta valley, right banks of river Soa, in front of Trenta 2b cottage, East Julian Alps, Posoje, Slovenia EC Comments: Members of genus Melanoleuca are difficult to be determined to species level. Many pros agree this is almost impossible without microscopy. No wonder many old observations seem to be questionable particularly in Melanoleuca melaleuca group where in addition species names melaleuca, polioleuca and vulgaris have been treated differently by different authors. Krieglsteiner (2001) states that large part of all historical observations not supported with an available exsiccate should be simply forgotten. Nevertheless, following Ref.1.the mushrooms photographed seem to be Melanoleuca polioleuca. Two typical traits, large cheilocystidia (a few with a small head of crystals have been also observed) and brownish trama in stipe base should distinguish it from very similar M. melaleuca, which grows in exactly the same habitats.Growing in a group of about 10 pilei within 2 x 0.5 m area; pilei diameter 6-9 cm, pilei surface looking velvety; pilei slightly hygrophanous, cutis peels off easily up to about 1/3 of the radius of pilei; stipe fibrous,4.5-8 cm long and 9-12 mm in diameter, at the base somewhat club shaped with a diameter of up to 18 mm; taste mild, mushroomy, pleasant, somewhat sweet; smell none; SP abundant, beige with slight green tint, oac7.Spores warty. Dimensions: 7,1 [7,8 ; 8] 8,7 x 4,6 [4,9 ; 5] 5,3 micr., Q = 1,4 [1,6] 1,8; N = 40; C = 95%; Me = 7,9 x 5 mm ; Qe = 1,6. Cheilocystidia dimensions: 55 [65,3 ; 72,1] 82,4 x 8,7 [11,5 ; 13,3] 16,1 micr., Q = 4,3 [5,3 ; 5,9] 6,9; N = 16; C = 95%; Me = 68,7 x 12,4 micr.; Qe = 5,6. Olympus CH20, NEA 100x/1.25, magnification 1.000 x, oil (spores), NEA 40x/0.65, magnification 400x (asci, cystidia), in water, Congo red. AmScope MA500 digital camera.Herbarium: Mycotheca and lichen herbarium (LJU-Li) of Slovenian Forestry Institute, Vena pot 2, Ljubljana, Index Herbariorum LJFRef.:(1) G.J. Krieglsteiner (Hrsg.), Die Grosspilze Baden-Wrttembergs, Band 3., Ulmer (2001), p 375 (2) S. Buczacki, Collins Fungi Guide, Collins (2012), p 210.(3) R. Phillips, Mushrooms, Macmillan (2006), p 99. (4) D. Arora, Mushrooms Demystified, Ten Speed Press, Berkeley (1986), p 170, (M. melaleucas.lat.)
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Briantspuddle, England, United Kingdom
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Paralepista flaccida (Sowerby) Vizzini, syn.: Clitocybe flaccida (Sowerby) P. Kumm., Clitocybe inversa (Scop.) Qul., Lepista flaccida (Sowerby) Pat., Clitocybe flaccida (Sowerby) P. Kumm., Clitocybe gilva (Fr.) Kumm., Lepista inversa (Scop.) Pat., Lepista gilva (Pers.) Pat., Paralepista gilva (Pers.) Raithelh., Omphalia flaccida (Sowerby) Qul., Omphalia inversa (Scop.) Qul.,Tawny Funnel Cap, DE: Fuchsiger Rteltrichterling Slo.: podvihana kolesnicaDat.: Oct. 23/24. 2011Lat.: 46.32964 Long.: 13.52551Code: Bot_564/2011_IMG7161, Bot_565/2011_DSC0437Habitat: Old, calcareous alluvial terrace, mixed wood, Picea abies, Fagus sylvatica, Ostrya carpinifolia dominant trees; under large Picea abies canopies (total shade, no ground vegetation, protected from direct rain) but also on grassy wood edge (half open, partly sunny place, exposed to direct rain); locally flat terrain; average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 8-10 deg C, elevation 415 m (1.360 feet), alpine phytogeographical region.Substratum: soil, rotten needles and other plant material.Place: Bovec basin, between station A of the Kanin cable car and Bovec golf playground, East Julian Alps, Posoje, Slovenia EC Comments: Paralepista flaccida is a common, very variable (look at the list of synonyms!) yet relatively easy to recognize fungus by its foxy-red-brown (when wet) to orange-ocher (when dry) color and by its fleshy, waxy appearance. It shares typical Lepista species habit but it is somewhat smaller than more frequent and better known Lepista nuda or Lepista nebularis. Gills are easy to separate from trama as in most Lepista species. The fungus was separate from Lepista genus and put into Paralepista genus only in the year 2012 based on DNA evidence. Before that various genus and species names had been used and long, long debates about its taxonomy took place. Growing in groups, many fruit bodies found; pileus diameter 2.8 - 6 cm; smell pleasant, partly mushroomy partly mealy; flesh watery, brittle; SP white with a slight orange-pink tint.Spores somewhat warty, subglobose. Dimensions: (4) 4.1 - 4.7 (5.1) x (3.2) 3.7 - 4.3 (4.5) microns; Q = 1 - 1.2 (1.3); N = 40; Me = 4.5 x 4 microns ; Qe = 1.1. Olympus Motic B2-211A, NEA 100x/1.25, magnification 1.000 x, oil; in water, fresh material;. AmScope MA500 digital camera.Ref.: (1) Personal communication with Mr. Bojan Ror, gobenabovskem.si(2) J. Breitenbach, F. Kraenzlin, Eds., Fungi of Switzerland, Vol.3. Verlag Mykologia (1991), p 212. (3) G.J. Krieglsteiner (Hrsg.), Die Grosspilze Baden-Wrttembergs, Band 3., Ulmer (2001), p 289. (4) M. Bon, Parey's Buch der Pilze, Kosmos (2005), p 142.
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Tricholoma lascivum (Fr.: Fr.) Gillet, syn.: Tricholoma album ss. Kuhner & Romagnesi 1953, Gyrophila lasciva (Fr.) Qul.Aromatic Knight, DE: Unverschmte Ritterling,Widerlicher RitterlingSlo.: golobija kolobarnicaDat.: Oct. 18. 2010Lat.: 46.34299 Long.: 13.56724Code: Bot_470/2010_IMG3091Habitat: slightly inside light, mixed, unmaintained forest edge with many shrubs; Picea abies, Fagus sylvatica, Corylus avellana, Prunus spinosa, Rubus sp. etc. present; near a small water stream; flat terrain; cretaceous clastic rock (flysh) bedrock with some limestone; humid place, mostly in shade; partly protected from direct rain by tree canopies; average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 8-10 deg C, elevation 460 m (1.500 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. Substratum: soil.Place: Bovec basin, northeast of Mala vas, near a small stream, East Julian Alps, Posoje, Slovenia EC.Comments: There exist four whitish species with similar habit in the genus Tricholoma: Tricholoma album, Tricholoma columbetta, Tricholoma inamoenum and Tricholoma lascivum. Also nomenclature history of these species is 'difficult'. Hence confusion and misidentifications are frequent. From this reason some experts consider published distribution ranges of these species as questionable. MycoBank (Ref.7) states: "Real distribution poorly known because of the taxonomic confusion with similar species".This find was at first (based on habit) recognized as Tricholoma inamoenum. However, measured spores were much too small for it. Their dimensions and particularly narrow spores (Q exceeding 1.6) speaks in favor of Tricholoma lascivum. Also other macro traits and habitat seems to fit reasonably well to this determination. On the other hand, Tricholoma album is a symbiont with Betula or Quercus, which were not present in the vicinity. Tricholoma columbetta is practically without odor (Ref. 2 and 3) while the find had strong, unpleasant smell on gas or chemistry. Tricholoma album and Tricholoma columbetta also have somewhat smaller spores, while, Tricholoma inamoenum has significantly larger spores.Description: Several fruitbodies present, some clustered; pilei diameter up to 3 - 7(8) cm; smell strong, unpleasant, on gas or some chemistry; taste not tested; SP abundant, white.Spores smooth. Dimensions: (6) 6,3 - 7,6 (8) x (3,5) 3,8 - 4,5 (4,8) microns; Q = (1,4) 1,5 - 1,9 (2,1); N = 35; Me = 6,9 x 4,1 microns; Qe = 1,7. Olympus CH20, NEA 100x/1.25, magnification 1.000 x, oil (spores); in water; fresh material. AmScope MA500 digital camera.Ref.: (1) C. Bas, Th.W.Kuyper, M.E. Nordeloos, E.C. Vellinga (eds.), Flora Agaricina Neerlandica, A.A. Balkema, Vol.4. (1999), p 145.(2) M.Christensen, J. Heilmann-Clausen, The genus Tricholoma, Fungi of Northern Europe, Vol.4. (2013), p 186.(3) J. Breitenbach, F. Kraenzlin, Eds., Fungi of Switzerland, Vol.3. Verlag Mykologia (1991), p 330.(4)
www.myko.cz/myko-atlas/Tricholoma-lascivum/ (accessed Nov. 4. 2017) (5) G.J. Krieglsteiner (Hrsg.), Die Grosspilze Baden-Wrttembergs, Band 3., Ulmer (2001), p 568.(6) S. Buczacki, Collins Fungi Guide, Collins (2012), p 154.
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Leucopaxillus gentianeus (Qul.) Kotl., syn.: Leucopaxillus amarus auct., Clitocybe gentianea Qul., Clitocybe amara sensu auct., Lepista amara sensu auct.Bitter False Funnelcap, DE: Bitterer Krempenritterling, Bitterer KrempentrichterlingSlo.: grenka velepodvihankaDat.: Oct. 10. 2010Lat.: 46.33785 Long.: 13.49926Code: Bot_467/2010_IMG2973Habitat: Mixed forest, Fagus sylvatica and Picea abies dominant trees; moderately inclined mountain slope, southeast aspect; calcareous ground; relatively warm place; partly protected from direct rain by tree canopies; average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 5-7 deg C, elevation 930 m (3.050 feet), alpine phytogeographical region.Substratum: soil.Place: Bovec basin, southeast slopes of Mt. Kanin Mountain group, between the dirt road to station B of Kanin cable car and the forest road toward Mt. Kopa Mountain, East Julian Alps, Posoje, Slovenia EC. Comment: Leucopaxillus gentianeus is a beautiful mushroom with its nicely brown, felted hut, however, with disgusting taste. Definitely not a candidate for culinary experiences! Three pilei were found; pilei diameter up to 10 cm; gills can be easily separated from trama as a separate layer; not discoloring brownish on handling (as some sources say); smell mild, indistinctive, somewhat mushroomy or mealy; taste much unpleasant, bitter, jerked, or on some chemistry, persistent; SP abundant, white.Spores minutely warty (barely visible with my equipment and in water). Dimensions: (5.2) 5.5 - 6.3 (7) x (4.1) 4.3 - 5.1 (5.6) microns; Q = (1.1) 1.14 - 1.4 (1.5); N = 30; Me = 5.9 x 4.8 microns; Qe = 1.2. Olympus CH20, NEA 100x/1.25, magnification 1.000 x, oil; in water, fresh material. AmScope MA500 digital camera.Ref.: (1) Personal communication with Mr. Bojan Rot,
www.gobenabovskem.si (2) S. Buczacki, Collins Fungi Guide, Collins (2012), p 206. (3) J. Breitenbach, F. Kraenzlin, Eds., Fungi of Switzerland, Vol.3. Verlag Mykologia (1995), p 218. (4) G.J. Krieglsteiner (Hrsg.), Die Grosspilze Baden-Wrttembergs, Band 3., Ulmer (2001), p 302.(5) M. Bon, Parey's Buch der Pilze, Kosmos (2005), p 162.(6) R. Phillips, Mushrooms, Macmillan (2006), p 96. (7)
www.mycoquebec.org/bas.php?trie=L&l=l&nom=Leucopa... (accessed Nov.8. 2017)(8)
www.mushroomexpert.com/leucopaxillus_gentianeus.html (accessed Nov.8. 2017)
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Lepista glaucocana (Bres.) Singer, syn: Clitocybe glaucocana (Bres.) Bigelow & Sm., Lepista nuda var. glaucocana (Bres.) Krieglst.Pale Violet Blewit (?) DE: Blassblauer Rtelritterling, Lavendelfarbener Rtelritterling, Blasser Rtelritterling Slo.: bledovijolina kolesnicaDat.: Oct.13. 2016Lat.: 46.35901 Long.: 13.69945Code: Bot_1017/2016_DSC5679Habitat: Mixed wood; Fagus sylvatica, Picea abies, Ostrya carpinifolia, Fraxinus ornus, Corylus avellana dominant trees; under Fagus sylvatica; slightly inclined mountain slope, southeast aspect; calcareous, skeletal ground on coluvial ground; in shade, moderately dry and relatively warm place; protected from direct rain by tree canopies; average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 7-9 deg C, elevation 605 m (2.000 feet), alpine phytogeographical region.Substratum: a layer of dead Fagus sylvatica leaves.Place: Lower Trenta valley, between villages Soa and Trenta, right bank of river Soa, near Strgulc abandoned farm house, Soa 47, East Julian Alps, Posoje, Slovenia EC. Comments: Lepista glaucocana is a quite common mushroom in Trenta valley. It is beautiful, quite large and usually occurs in large groups. Its color is variable and hence it is sometimes difficult to be distinguished in field from similar more violet Lepista nuda and more whitish Lepista irina. Growing gregarious, over 15 pilei present; pilei diameter from 5.5 to 10 cm, stipe from 4 to 6.5 cm long and from 1.3 to 4 cm in diameter; smell strong on something in between earthy, floury and mushroomy; taste mild, mushroomy, quite pleasant; pilei cuticle peels of easily; SP abundant, whitish-beige, oac7.Spores smooth, somewhat warty. Dimensions: 6.2 [6.9 ; 7.2] 7.9 x 3.6 [4.2 ; 4.4] 4.9 microns; Q = 1.4 [1.6 ; 1.7] 1.9; N = 40; C = 95%; Me = 7 x 4.3 microns; Qe = 1.7. Olympus CH20, NEA 100x/1.25, magnification 1.000 x, oil, fresh material; in water. AmScope MA500 digital camera.Herbarium: Mycotheca and lichen herbarium (LJU-Li) of Slovenian Forestry Institute, Vena pot 2, Ljubljana, Index Herbariorum LJFRef.:(1) G.J. Krieglsteiner (Hrsg.), Die Grosspilze Baden-Wrttembergs, Band 3., Ulmer (2001), p 294.(2) J. Breitenbach, F. Kraenzlin, Eds., Fungi of Switzerland, Vol.3. Verlag Mykologia (1991), p 210. (3)
www.gobe.si/Gobe/LepistaGlaucocana (4)
www.svims.ca/council/Lepist.htm
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harmaanapalakkiMuurame, Finland2010-09-03
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Lepista nudaWood Blewit, Violetter Roetelritterling Slo.: vijoliasta kolesnicaDate: Nov. 13. 2009Lat.: 46.34999 Long.: 13.68182Code: Bot_400/2009-0675Habitat: mossy upland grassland, fairly flat, quite deep, humid, calcareous, south faced ground, partly in shade of a Juniperus communis bush, exposed to rain, average precipitations ~3.000 mm/year, average temperature 6-8 deg C, elevation 890 m (2.900 feet), alpine phytogeographical region.Substratum: soilPlace: Lemovlje settlement, Trenta valley, East Julian Alps, Posoje, Slovenia ECComments: Spores 8,0 (SD=1,1) micr x 4,6 (SD=0,5) micr, n= 20. Spore print crme to light ocher with a slight pink tint, taste mild, smell pleasant mushroomy. Gills can be easily separated from pileus.Ref.: personal communication Mr. Bojan Rot
www.gobenabovskem.si/. R.M.Daehncke, 1200 Pilze in Farbfotos, AT Verlag (2009), p 213. R.Lueder, Grundkurs Pilzbestimmung, Quelle & Mayer (2008), p 398.
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Clitocybe odora (Bull.: Fr.) Kumm, syn.: Clitocybe viridis (With.) GilletAniseed Funnel, Blue-green Clitocybe, DE: Grner AnistrichterlingSlo.: janeeva livkaDat.: Oct. 9. 2012Lat.: 46.35009 Long.: 13.57265Code: Bot_667/2012_IMG1427Habitat: former pastures, now light mixed wood, Picea abies, Fagus sylvatica, Fraxinus ornus, Corylus avellana dominant; moderately inclined mountain slope, southeast aspect; colluvial, skeletal, calcareous ground; in haft shade; dry and relatively warm place; partly protected from direct rain by tree canopies; average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 8-9 deg C, elevation 635 m (2.080 feet), alpine phytogeographical region.Substratum: soil, under a canopy of Picea abies.Place: Bovec basin, at the base of Mt. ukla; east of meadows near Plajer farmhouse, East Julian Alps, Posoje, Slovenia EC.Comments: Clitocybe odora is easy to recognize. Blue-greenish appearance and strong characteristic smell on anis are distinctive.Growing scattered, several fruit bodies present; pileus diameter up to 6 cm, stipe length up to 5 cm; taste pleasant, on anis, smell strong on anis, sweets; SP whitish-beige.Spores smooth. Dimensions: 4,9 [5,9 ; 6,4] 7,4 x 3,1 [3,7 ; 3,9] 4,5 microns; Q = 1,3 [1,6 ; 1,7] 1,9; N = 37; C = 95%; Me = 6,1 x 3,8 microns; Qe = 1,6. Olympus CH20, NEA 100x/1.25, magnification 1.000 x, oil, fresh material, in water. AmScope MA500 digital camera.Ref.:(1) Personal communication with Mr. Bojan Rot;
www.gobenabovskem.com.(2) J. Breitenbach, F. Kraenzlin, Eds., Fungi of Switzerland, Vol.3. Verlag Mykologia (1991), p 164. (3) R. Phillips, Mushrooms, Macmillan (2006), p 91. (4) M. Bon, Parey's Buch der Pilze, Kosmos (2005), p 136. (5) S. Buczacki, Collins Fungi Guide, Collins (2012), p 166. (6) R. Lueder, Grundkurs Pilzbestimmung, Quelle & Meyer (2008), p 234. Canon G11, 6.1-30mm/f2.8-4.5
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Melanoleuca polioleuca (Fr. 1821) Khn. & Mre. 1934, syn.: Melanoleuca melaleuca ss. Bress., Khn. 1974, Melanoleuca oreina (Fr. 1815) Khn. & Mre. 1934, Melanoleuca vulgaris (Pat. 1887) Pat. 1900 (non 1897)Common Cavalier, DE: Schwarzweisser WeichritterlingSlo.: pegasta gostolistkaDat.: Oct. 19. 2014Lat.: 46.36029 Long.: 13.70264Code: Bot_850/2014_DSC4876Habitat: grassland mowed twice a year, semiruderal calcareous ground next to a small wooden building, on its southeast side, flat terrain, partly sunny, exposed to direct rain, average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 7-9 deg C, elevation 600 m (1.950 feet), alpine phytogeographical region.Substratum: soil.Place: Lower Trenta valley, right banks of river Soa, in front of Trenta 2b cottage, East Julian Alps, Posoje, Slovenia EC Comments: Members of genus Melanoleuca are difficult to be determined to species level. Many pros agree this is almost impossible without microscopy. No wonder many old observations seem to be questionable particularly in Melanoleuca melaleuca group where in addition species names melaleuca, polioleuca and vulgaris have been treated differently by different authors. Krieglsteiner (2001) states that large part of all historical observations not supported with an available exsiccate should be simply forgotten. Nevertheless, following Ref.1.the mushrooms photographed seem to be Melanoleuca polioleuca. Two typical traits, large cheilocystidia (a few with a small head of crystals have been also observed) and brownish trama in stipe base should distinguish it from very similar M. melaleuca, which grows in exactly the same habitats.Growing in a group of about 10 pilei within 2 x 0.5 m area; pilei diameter 6-9 cm, pilei surface looking velvety; pilei slightly hygrophanous, cutis peels off easily up to about 1/3 of the radius of pilei; stipe fibrous,4.5-8 cm long and 9-12 mm in diameter, at the base somewhat club shaped with a diameter of up to 18 mm; taste mild, mushroomy, pleasant, somewhat sweet; smell none; SP abundant, beige with slight green tint, oac7.Spores warty. Dimensions: 7,1 [7,8 ; 8] 8,7 x 4,6 [4,9 ; 5] 5,3 micr., Q = 1,4 [1,6] 1,8; N = 40; C = 95%; Me = 7,9 x 5 mm ; Qe = 1,6. Cheilocystidia dimensions: 55 [65,3 ; 72,1] 82,4 x 8,7 [11,5 ; 13,3] 16,1 micr., Q = 4,3 [5,3 ; 5,9] 6,9; N = 16; C = 95%; Me = 68,7 x 12,4 micr.; Qe = 5,6. Olympus CH20, NEA 100x/1.25, magnification 1.000 x, oil (spores), NEA 40x/0.65, magnification 400x (asci, cystidia), in water, Congo red. AmScope MA500 digital camera.Herbarium: Mycotheca and lichen herbarium (LJU-Li) of Slovenian Forestry Institute, Vena pot 2, Ljubljana, Index Herbariorum LJFRef.:(1) G.J. Krieglsteiner (Hrsg.), Die Grosspilze Baden-Wrttembergs, Band 3., Ulmer (2001), p 375 (2) S. Buczacki, Collins Fungi Guide, Collins (2012), p 210.(3) R. Phillips, Mushrooms, Macmillan (2006), p 99. (4) D. Arora, Mushrooms Demystified, Ten Speed Press, Berkeley (1986), p 170, (M. melaleucas.lat.)
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Clitocybe nebularisCloudy Clitocybe, Nebelkappe, Herbstblattl Slo.: poprhnjena livkaDate: Nov. 13. 2009Lat.: 46.34999 Long.: 13.68182Code: Bot_400/2009-0646Habitat: mossy upland grassland with scattered Picea abies, Juniperus comm unis Fraxinus ornus, Corylus avellana, etc., fairly flat, quite deep, humid, calcareous, south faced ground, partly in shade of a Picea abies, exposed to rain, average precipitations ~3.000 mm/year, average temperature 6-8 deg C, elevation 890 m (2.900 feet), alpine phytogeographical region.Substratum: soilPlace: Lemovlje settlement, above Soa village, Trenta valley, East Julian Alps, Posoje, Slovenia ECComments: Spores 7,2 (SD=0,6) x 4,0 (SD=0,3) micr, n= 30. Spore print light gray-ocher with a slight tint of green, taste mild, unpleasant, smell rank, a kind of mushroomy but very specific. Ref.:personal communication Mr. Bojan Rot
www.gobenabovskem.si/. J.Grom, Nae gobe (in Slovene), epna Knjiga, (1981), p 162R.M.Daehncke, 1200 Pilze in Farbfotos, AT Verlag (2009), p 210D.Arora, Mushrooms Demystified, Ten Speed Press, Berkeley (1986), pp 159.
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Leucopaxillus gentianeus (Qul.) Kotl., syn.: Leucopaxillus amarus auct., Clitocybe gentianea Qul., Clitocybe amara sensu auct., Lepista amara sensu auct.Bitter False Funnelcap, DE: Bitterer Krempenritterling, Bitterer KrempentrichterlingSlo.: grenka velepodvihankaDat.: Oct. 10. 2010Lat.: 46.33785 Long.: 13.49926Code: Bot_467/2010_IMG2973Habitat: Mixed forest, Fagus sylvatica and Picea abies dominant trees; moderately inclined mountain slope, southeast aspect; calcareous ground; relatively warm place; partly protected from direct rain by tree canopies; average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 5-7 deg C, elevation 930 m (3.050 feet), alpine phytogeographical region.Substratum: soil.Place: Bovec basin, southeast slopes of Mt. Kanin Mountain group, between the dirt road to station B of Kanin cable car and the forest road toward Mt. Kopa Mountain, East Julian Alps, Posoje, Slovenia EC. Comment: Leucopaxillus gentianeus is a beautiful mushroom with its nicely brown, felted hut, however, with disgusting taste. Definitely not a candidate for culinary experiences! Three pilei were found; pilei diameter up to 10 cm; gills can be easily separated from trama as a separate layer; not discoloring brownish on handling (as some sources say); smell mild, indistinctive, somewhat mushroomy or mealy; taste much unpleasant, bitter, jerked, or on some chemistry, persistent; SP abundant, white.Spores minutely warty (barely visible with my equipment and in water). Dimensions: (5.2) 5.5 - 6.3 (7) x (4.1) 4.3 - 5.1 (5.6) microns; Q = (1.1) 1.14 - 1.4 (1.5); N = 30; Me = 5.9 x 4.8 microns; Qe = 1.2. Olympus CH20, NEA 100x/1.25, magnification 1.000 x, oil; in water, fresh material. AmScope MA500 digital camera.Ref.: (1) Personal communication with Mr. Bojan Rot,
www.gobenabovskem.si (2) S. Buczacki, Collins Fungi Guide, Collins (2012), p 206. (3) J. Breitenbach, F. Kraenzlin, Eds., Fungi of Switzerland, Vol.3. Verlag Mykologia (1995), p 218. (4) G.J. Krieglsteiner (Hrsg.), Die Grosspilze Baden-Wrttembergs, Band 3., Ulmer (2001), p 302.(5) M. Bon, Parey's Buch der Pilze, Kosmos (2005), p 162.(6) R. Phillips, Mushrooms, Macmillan (2006), p 96. (7)
www.mycoquebec.org/bas.php?trie=L&l=l&nom=Leucopa... (accessed Nov.8. 2017)(8)
www.mushroomexpert.com/leucopaxillus_gentianeus.html (accessed Nov.8. 2017)
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Lepista glaucocana (Bres.) Singer, syn: Clitocybe glaucocana (Bres.) Bigelow & Sm., Lepista nuda var. glaucocana (Bres.) Krieglst.Pale Violet Blewit (?) DE: Blassblauer Rtelritterling, Lavendelfarbener Rtelritterling, Blasser Rtelritterling Slo.: bledovijolina kolesnicaDat.: Oct.13. 2016Lat.: 46.35901 Long.: 13.69945Code: Bot_1017/2016_DSC5679Habitat: Mixed wood; Fagus sylvatica, Picea abies, Ostrya carpinifolia, Fraxinus ornus, Corylus avellana dominant trees; under Fagus sylvatica; slightly inclined mountain slope, southeast aspect; calcareous, skeletal ground on coluvial ground; in shade, moderately dry and relatively warm place; protected from direct rain by tree canopies; average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 7-9 deg C, elevation 605 m (2.000 feet), alpine phytogeographical region.Substratum: a layer of dead Fagus sylvatica leaves.Place: Lower Trenta valley, between villages Soa and Trenta, right bank of river Soa, near Strgulc abandoned farm house, Soa 47, East Julian Alps, Posoje, Slovenia EC. Comments: Lepista glaucocana is a quite common mushroom in Trenta valley. It is beautiful, quite large and usually occurs in large groups. Its color is variable and hence it is sometimes difficult to be distinguished in field from similar more violet Lepista nuda and more whitish Lepista irina. Growing gregarious, over 15 pilei present; pilei diameter from 5.5 to 10 cm, stipe from 4 to 6.5 cm long and from 1.3 to 4 cm in diameter; smell strong on something in between earthy, floury and mushroomy; taste mild, mushroomy, quite pleasant; pilei cuticle peels of easily; SP abundant, whitish-beige, oac7.Spores smooth, somewhat warty. Dimensions: 6.2 [6.9 ; 7.2] 7.9 x 3.6 [4.2 ; 4.4] 4.9 microns; Q = 1.4 [1.6 ; 1.7] 1.9; N = 40; C = 95%; Me = 7 x 4.3 microns; Qe = 1.7. Olympus CH20, NEA 100x/1.25, magnification 1.000 x, oil, fresh material; in water. AmScope MA500 digital camera.Herbarium: Mycotheca and lichen herbarium (LJU-Li) of Slovenian Forestry Institute, Vena pot 2, Ljubljana, Index Herbariorum LJFRef.:(1) G.J. Krieglsteiner (Hrsg.), Die Grosspilze Baden-Wrttembergs, Band 3., Ulmer (2001), p 294.(2) J. Breitenbach, F. Kraenzlin, Eds., Fungi of Switzerland, Vol.3. Verlag Mykologia (1991), p 210. (3)
www.gobe.si/Gobe/LepistaGlaucocana (4)
www.svims.ca/council/Lepist.htm
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Lepista nudaWood Blewit, Violetter Roetelritterling Slo.: vijoliasta kolesnicaDate: Nov. 13. 2009Lat.: 46.34999 Long.: 13.68182Code: Bot_400/2009-0675Habitat: mossy upland grassland, fairly flat, quite deep, humid, calcareous, south faced ground, partly in shade of a Juniperus communis bush, exposed to rain, average precipitations ~3.000 mm/year, average temperature 6-8 deg C, elevation 890 m (2.900 feet), alpine phytogeographical region.Substratum: soilPlace: Lemovlje settlement, Trenta valley, East Julian Alps, Posoje, Slovenia ECComments: Spores 8,0 (SD=1,1) micr x 4,6 (SD=0,5) micr, n= 20. Motic B1-211, magnification 1.000 x, oil; in water. Spore print crme to light ocher with a slight pink tint, taste mild, smell pleasant mushroomy. Gills can be easily separated from pileus.Ref.: personal communication Mr. Bojan Rot
www.gobenabovskem.si/. R.M.Daehncke, 1200 Pilze in Farbfotos, AT Verlag (2009), p 213. R.Lueder, Grundkurs Pilzbestimmung, Quelle & Mayer (2008), p 398.
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Melanoleuca polioleuca (Fr. 1821) Khn. & Mre. 1934, syn.: Melanoleuca melaleuca ss. Bress., Khn. 1974, Melanoleuca oreina (Fr. 1815) Khn. & Mre. 1934, Melanoleuca vulgaris (Pat. 1887) Pat. 1900 (non 1897)Common Cavalier, DE: Schwarzweisser WeichritterlingSlo.: pegasta gostolistkaDat.: Oct. 19. 2014Lat.: 46.36029 Long.: 13.70264Code: Bot_850/2014_DSC4876Habitat: grassland mowed twice a year, semiruderal calcareous ground next to a small wooden building, on its southeast side, flat terrain, partly sunny, exposed to direct rain, average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 7-9 deg C, elevation 600 m (1.950 feet), alpine phytogeographical region.Substratum: soil.Place: Lower Trenta valley, right banks of river Soa, in front of Trenta 2b cottage, East Julian Alps, Posoje, Slovenia EC Comments: Members of genus Melanoleuca are difficult to be determined to species level. Many pros agree this is almost impossible without microscopy. No wonder many old observations seem to be questionable particularly in Melanoleuca melaleuca group where in addition species names melaleuca, polioleuca and vulgaris have been treated differently by different authors. Krieglsteiner (2001) states that large part of all historical observations not supported with an available exsiccate should be simply forgotten. Nevertheless, following Ref.1.the mushrooms photographed seem to be Melanoleuca polioleuca. Two typical traits, large cheilocystidia (a few with a small head of crystals have been also observed) and brownish trama in stipe base should distinguish it from very similar M. melaleuca, which grows in exactly the same habitats.Growing in a group of about 10 pilei within 2 x 0.5 m area; pilei diameter 6-9 cm, pilei surface looking velvety; pilei slightly hygrophanous, cutis peels off easily up to about 1/3 of the radius of pilei; stipe fibrous,4.5-8 cm long and 9-12 mm in diameter, at the base somewhat club shaped with a diameter of up to 18 mm; taste mild, mushroomy, pleasant, somewhat sweet; smell none; SP abundant, beige with slight green tint, oac7.Spores warty. Dimensions: 7,1 [7,8 ; 8] 8,7 x 4,6 [4,9 ; 5] 5,3 micr., Q = 1,4 [1,6] 1,8; N = 40; C = 95%; Me = 7,9 x 5 mm ; Qe = 1,6. Cheilocystidia dimensions: 55 [65,3 ; 72,1] 82,4 x 8,7 [11,5 ; 13,3] 16,1 micr., Q = 4,3 [5,3 ; 5,9] 6,9; N = 16; C = 95%; Me = 68,7 x 12,4 micr.; Qe = 5,6. Olympus CH20, NEA 100x/1.25, magnification 1.000 x, oil (spores), NEA 40x/0.65, magnification 400x (asci, cystidia), in water, Congo red. AmScope MA500 digital camera.Herbarium: Mycotheca and lichen herbarium (LJU-Li) of Slovenian Forestry Institute, Vena pot 2, Ljubljana, Index Herbariorum LJFRef.:(1) G.J. Krieglsteiner (Hrsg.), Die Grosspilze Baden-Wrttembergs, Band 3., Ulmer (2001), p 375 (2) S. Buczacki, Collins Fungi Guide, Collins (2012), p 210.(3) R. Phillips, Mushrooms, Macmillan (2006), p 99. (4) D. Arora, Mushrooms Demystified, Ten Speed Press, Berkeley (1986), p 170, (M. melaleucas.lat.)
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North Hill Malvern, Worcs.
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Leucopaxillus gentianeus (Qul.) Kotl., syn.: Leucopaxillus amarus auct., Clitocybe gentianea Qul., Clitocybe amara sensu auct., Lepista amara sensu auct.Bitter False Funnelcap, DE: Bitterer Krempenritterling, Bitterer KrempentrichterlingSlo.: grenka velepodvihankaDat.: Oct. 10. 2010Lat.: 46.33785 Long.: 13.49926Code: Bot_467/2010_IMG2973Habitat: Mixed forest, Fagus sylvatica and Picea abies dominant trees; moderately inclined mountain slope, southeast aspect; calcareous ground; relatively warm place; partly protected from direct rain by tree canopies; average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 5-7 deg C, elevation 930 m (3.050 feet), alpine phytogeographical region.Substratum: soil.Place: Bovec basin, southeast slopes of Mt. Kanin Mountain group, between the dirt road to station B of Kanin cable car and the forest road toward Mt. Kopa Mountain, East Julian Alps, Posoje, Slovenia EC. Comment: Leucopaxillus gentianeus is a beautiful mushroom with its nicely brown, felted hut, however, with disgusting taste. Definitely not a candidate for culinary experiences! Three pilei were found; pilei diameter up to 10 cm; gills can be easily separated from trama as a separate layer; not discoloring brownish on handling (as some sources say); smell mild, indistinctive, somewhat mushroomy or mealy; taste much unpleasant, bitter, jerked, or on some chemistry, persistent; SP abundant, white.Spores minutely warty (barely visible with my equipment and in water). Dimensions: (5.2) 5.5 - 6.3 (7) x (4.1) 4.3 - 5.1 (5.6) microns; Q = (1.1) 1.14 - 1.4 (1.5); N = 30; Me = 5.9 x 4.8 microns; Qe = 1.2. Olympus CH20, NEA 100x/1.25, magnification 1.000 x, oil; in water, fresh material. AmScope MA500 digital camera.Ref.: (1) Personal communication with Mr. Bojan Rot,
www.gobenabovskem.si (2) S. Buczacki, Collins Fungi Guide, Collins (2012), p 206. (3) J. Breitenbach, F. Kraenzlin, Eds., Fungi of Switzerland, Vol.3. Verlag Mykologia (1995), p 218. (4) G.J. Krieglsteiner (Hrsg.), Die Grosspilze Baden-Wrttembergs, Band 3., Ulmer (2001), p 302.(5) M. Bon, Parey's Buch der Pilze, Kosmos (2005), p 162.(6) R. Phillips, Mushrooms, Macmillan (2006), p 96. (7)
www.mycoquebec.org/bas.php?trie=L&l=l&nom=Leucopa... (accessed Nov.8. 2017)(8)
www.mushroomexpert.com/leucopaxillus_gentianeus.html (accessed Nov.8. 2017)