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Tricholoma sulphureumSulphur Knight Gas Agaric, Schwefel-RitterlingSlo.: veplena kolobarnicaDate: Oct. 28. 2009Lat.: 46.36167 Long.: 13.70097Code: Bot_396/397/2009-0296/0349Habitat: young mixed wood/thicket (mostly Fagus sylvatica, Picea abies, Fraxinus ornus), fairly flat, shallow, calcareous, southeast faced ground, in shade, partly protected from direct rain by tree canopies, average precipitations ~3.000 mm/year, average temperature 6-8 deg C, elevation 640 m (2.100 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. Substratum: mossy forest groundPlace: Trenta valley, northeast of 'Na Melu' place, south-east slopes of Mt. Bavki Grintavec, 2.347 m (7.701 feet), East Julian Alps, Posoje, Slovenia ECComments: Spores 10.2 m (SD=0.5 m) x 6.9 m (SD=0.4 m), n=20; unmistakable awful and strong smell, like a poorly maintained sulfur water spa.Motic B1-211, magnification 1.000 x, oil, in water. Motic B1-211, magnification 1.000 x, oil, in water. Ref:Personal communication Mr. Bojan Rot,
www.gobenabovskem.si/M.Bon, Pareys Buch der Pilze, Kosmos (2005), p 152R.M.Daehncke, 1200 Pilze in Farbfotos, AT Verlag (2009), p 238
www.rogersmushrooms.com/gallery/DisplayBlock~bid~6875~sou...
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Castel Fusano, Lazio, Italy
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Pseudoclitocybe cyathiformisSlo.: latviasta palivkaDat.: Nov. 21. 2010Lat.: 46.33061 Long.: 13.69033Code: Bot_478/2010_IMG3257Habitat: Unimproved grassland grassed by sheep, northeast oriented mountain slope, calcareous ground, mostly sunny, exposed to direct rain, average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 6-8 deg C, elevations 630 m (2.050 feet), alpine phytogeographical region.Substratum: grassland soil. Place: Vrsnik valley, at the foot of Mt. rni vrh, 1.544 m (5.064 feet), East Julian Alps, Posoje, Slovenia EC Comments: Growing solitary or two, tree together, pileus diameter up to 55 mm; smell mild, pleasant; SP white, slightly beige. Spore smooth, dimensions 8.3 (SD = 0.6) x 5.3 (SD = 0.4) micr., Q = 1.65 (SD = 0.12), n = 30. Motic B2-211A, magnification 1.000 x, oil, in water. Ref.:(1) R.M. Daehncke, 1200 Pilze in Farbfotos, AT Verlag (2009), p 290. (2) M.Bon, Parey's Buch der Pilze, Kosmos (2005), p 130. (3) R.Lueder, Grundkurs Pilzbestimmung, Quelle & Meyer (2008), p 223. (4) A.Poler, Veselo po gobe (in Slovene), Mohorjeva druba Celovec (2002), p 218.
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Gemeinde Falkenau, Saxony, Germany
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Castel Fusano, Lazio, Italy
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Suckley Woods, Worcs
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Lepista caespitosaSlo.: panika kolesnicaDat.: Oct. 08. 2012Lat.: 46.43078 Long.: 13.60956 Code: Bot_666/2012_DSC5649Habitat: Mountain pasture, in high grass, southeast oriented mild slope, full sun, warm place, calcareous bed rock, exposed to direct rain, average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 3-5 deg C, elevation 1,320 m (4.350 feet), alpine phytogeographical region.Substratum: soil.Place: Mangartska planina, upper side of grassland, near Log pod Mangartom village, East Julian Alps, Posoje, Slovenia. Comments: Growing in groups but also solitary, about 10 pilei, pileus diameter up to 10 cm and 10 cm tall fruitbodies; taste strong mushroomy, racid, quite unpleasant; smell mild, typical on Lepista; flesh quite brittle; SP light beige-gray-pink oac760; gils only lightly attached to cap.Spores apparently finely warty. Dimensions: 5.6 (SD = 0.3) x 3.6 (SD = 0.3) micr., Q = 1.53 (SD = 0.12), n = 30. Motic B2-211A, NEA 100x/1.25, magnification 1.000 x, oil, in water. Ref.:(1) Id'ed by Mr. Bojan Rot,
www.gobenabovskem.si(2) G.J.Krieglsteiner (Hrsg.), Die Grosspilze Bade-Wrttembergs, Band 3, Ulmer (2001), p 288. (3) A. Poler, Veselo po gobe, Mohorjeva zaloba, Celovec (2002), p292. (4)
www.pilzseite.de/Pilzgalerie/Lepista/caespitosa/FrameSet.htm (5)
www.ars-alimentaria.it/ars/scheda.jsp;jsessionid=D1769192...(6)
www.svijet-gljiva.com/katalog-gljiva/item/283-lepista-cae... Micro 105mm/f2.80
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Castel Fusano, Lazio, Italy
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Castel Fusano, Lazio, Italy
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Tricholoma ustaleBurnt Knight, DE: Brandige RitterlingSlo.: osmojena kolobarnicaDat.: Oct. 06. 2012Lat.: 46.42764 Long.: 13.61552Code: Bot_665/2012_DSC5508 Habitat: In mixed alpine forest, dominant Fagus sylvatica with some Picea abies and Abies alba; locally east, generally south oriented mountain slope, relatively warm place, calcareous bedrock however apparently at least to some extent acid soil (Vaccinium myrtillus abundant); mostly in shade, partly protected from direct rain by tree canopies, average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 2-4 deg C, elevation 1.470 m (4.800 feet), alpine phytogeographical region.Substratum: forest soil under Fagus sylvatica.Place: Mt. Mangart region, northeast ridge of Mt.Planja, 1.553 m, East Julian Alps, Posoje, Slovenia EC Comments: Following the key of Tricholoma (Fries.1821) in Ref.:(3), p521 I come to Tricholoma ustale without problems. However, the color of the fruitbodies found seems too to be too bright and to have more yellow and less red as in most references. Not sure the determination is OK.Growing scattered, about 5 - 6 fruitbodies; pileus diameter from 6 to 8.5 cm, stipe up to 8.5 cm long; taste mushroomy and moderately bitter and burning, unpleasant; smell not strong, on earth (?); flesh whitish, bruising slowly with time, particularly at the base of the stipe; SP white (oac909), pilei strongly slimy, the layer of the mucus more than 1 mm thick.Spores smooth, elliptical. Dimensions: 7.1 (SD = 0.4) x 5.4 (SD = 0.3) , Q = 1.31 (SD = 0.08), n = 28. Olympus CH20, NEA 100x/1.25, magnification 1.000 x, oil, in water, AmScope MA500 digital camera.Ref.:(1) Personal communication with Mr. Bojan Rot,
www.gobenabovskem.si .(2) M. E. Noordeloos, Th. Kuyper, E. Vellinga (1999). Flora Agaricina Neerlandica: Critical Monographs on Families of Agarics and Boleti Occurring in the Netherlands. Taylor & Francis. p126. cited after
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tricholoma_ustale (3) G.J.Krieglsteiner (Hrsg.), Die Grosspilze Bade-Wrttembergs, Band 3, Ulmer (2001), p 539. (4) R.M. Daehncke, 1200 Pilze in Farbfotos, AT Verlag (2009), p 236. (5) R.Phillips, Mushrooms, Macmillan (2006), p 111. (6) M.Bon, Parey's Buch der Pilze, Kosmos (2005), p 158(7)
healing-mushrooms.net/archives/tricholoma-ustale.html
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Known as the Trooping Funnel or as Monk's Head, this species may well become Infundibulicybe geotropa. This is a frozen specimen from the Squamish--Cheakamus Divide, British Columbia.
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kangaskeltavalmuskaHanko, Finland2009-10-24
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Throop, England, United Kingdom
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Darley, Victoria, Australia
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A clustering species, parasitic on Helvella lacunosa or related species of fungus. Photo from Manning Park, British Columbia.
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Melanoleuca subbrevipes Mtrod, Revue Mycol., Paris 7(2-4): 90 (1942), syn.: Melanoleuca grammopodia (Bull.) MurrillSlo.: iroka gostolistka, tenkobetna gostolistkaDate: Oct. 10. 2009Lat.: 46.30088 Long.: 13.41864Code: Bot_390/2009-6210Habitat: Steep mixed wood, predominantly Fagus sylvatica, north oriented, relatively cool place, in shade, protected from direct rain by tree canopies, locally flat calcareous ground covered with a thick layer of dead Fagus sylvatica leaves, average precipitations ~3.000 mm/year, average temperature 6-8 deg C, elevation 800 m (2.600 feet), alpine phytogeographical region.Substratum: forest soil covered with a thick layer of dead leaves. Place: North slopes of Mt. Kobariki Stol ridge, north of Mt. Gabrovec, 1,630 m (5.348 feet), East Julian Alps, Posoje, Slovenia ECComments: Growing in groups, circles, lines. Many specimens present. Flesh brittle and watery, hut surface shiny somewhat waxy, gills dense and narrow. All specimens shown are quite old. White tomentum visible on some mushrooms is another fungus or mould species attaching M. subbrevipes. Ref.:(1) Personal communication Mr. Anton Poler and Mr. Bojan Rot,
www.gobenabovskem.si/ (2) A.Poler, D.Vraj, A.Boh, Seznam Gliv Slovenije (Checklist of Fungi of Slovenia), Ed. A.Poler, Association of Mycological Societies of Slovenia, second edition (1998) p 49(3) J.Grom, Nae gobe (in Slovene), epna Knjiga, (1981), p 154(4) R.M.Daehncke, 1200 Pilze in Farbfotos, AT Verlag (2009), p 309.
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Melanoleuca subalpina, (Britz.) Bresinsky & Stangl., Melanoleuca evenosa ss. Konr., Melanoleuca strictipes ss. Khn, Tricholoma cnistass. Bres.EN: ?, DE: ?Slo.: tenkobetna gostolistka (assuming Melanoleuca strictipes and Melanoleuca alpina are synonyms) (Melanoleuca alpina is not listed in SI checklist)Dat.: Aug. 1. 2014Lat.: 46.44223 Long.: 13.63734Code: Bot_820/2014_DSC2416Habitat: east inclined moderately steep alpine grassland, calcareous ground, open place, full sun, exposed to direct rain, average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature about 0 deg C, elevation 2.030 m (6.600 feet), alpine phytogeographical region.Substratum: soil.Place: Mangart's flats, just below ez jezik pass, east of Mt. Skala, 2.133 m (6.996 feet), East Julian Alps, Posoje, Slovenia EC Comments: At least three names can be found in literature in connection with relatively large, more or less whitish Melanoleuca species growing at alpine elevations - Melanoleuca subalpina, Melanoleuca evenosa and Melanoleuca strictipes. Taxonomy of these taxa seems to me messy; to my knowledge no monograph dedicated to this genus is available. Some authors, including Index Fungorum, consider these names as separate species; some consider them as synonyms (for example Breitenbach (1991)). Ref.: 1. considers Melanoleuca subalpina and Melanoleuca evenosa synonyms and Melanoleuca strictipes a separate species. Ref.:3. considers Melanoleuca evenosa and Melanoleuca strictipes as synonyms. In literature data about spore dimensions also contradicts.The find shown corresponds excellently to the description of Melanoleuca subalpina given in Dhncke (2009), hence I decided for it. Since pilei diameters of this observation in average equal or exceed stipe length this should be Melanoleuca alpina and not Melanoleuca strictipes (ss. Ref.4) (assuming both are separate species). However measured spore dimensions of this find do not fit to data given in Dhncke (2009), but they fit well to Breitenbach (1991) and Bresinsky (1977) and also to other sources (assuming Melanoleuca strictipes and Melanoleuca subalpina are synonyms). More and more I value Arora's advise that '... exact identities of closely related Melanoleuca-s are best left to Melanoleuca-masters'.Growing in a group of about 10 pilei in an area of about 4 x 4 m; pileus diameter 6-8(16) cm, hygrophanous to some extent; stipe shorter or equal to pileus diameter (see Ref.3.); taste mild; smell mild but characteristic, may be slightly on vegetable or turnips?; flesh brittle and watery, fibrous in stipe, SP abundant, beige, oac851.Spores smooth. Dimensions: 8.4 [9 ; 9.3] 9.8 x 4.3 [4.6 ; 4.8] 5.1 microns, Q = 1.8 [1.9 ; 2] 2.1; N = 32; C = 95%; Me = 9.1 x 4.7 microns; Qe = 1.9. Olympus CH20, NEA 100x/1.25, magnification 1.000 x, oil, in water. AmScope MA500 digital camera.Herbarium: Mycotheca and lichen herbarium (LJU-Li) of Slovenian Forestry Institute, Vena pot 2, Ljubljana, Index Herbariorum LJFRef.:(1) R. M. Dhncke, 1200 Pilze in Farbfotos, AT Verlag (2009), p 299. (2) J. Breitenbach, F. Kraenzlin, Eds., Fungi of Switzerland, Vol.3. Verlag Mykologia (1991), p 252. (3) G.J. Krieglsteiner (Hrsg.), Die Grosspilze Baden-Wrttembergs, Band 3., Ulmer (2001), p 376. (4) A. Bresinsky, J. Stangl, Beitragezur Revision M. Brizelmeyrs: Hymenomyceten aus (5) D. Arora, Mushrooms Demystified, Ten Speed Press, Berkeley (1986), p 171. (6) G.L. Bue, F. Montacchini, A.Ceruti, Macromycetes of the Alpine Belt: Mycocoenological investigations in the Western Italian Alps by Multivariable Methods, Coenoses (1994) 9(3),
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Clitocybe phaeophthalma (Pers.) Kuyper, syn.: Agaricus fritilliformis Lasch, Agaricus phaeophthalmus Pers., Clitocybe fritilliformis (Lasch) Gillet, Singerocybe phaeophthalma (Pers.) Harmaja, Clitocybe hydrogramma (Bull. & A.Venturi) P.Kumm.Family: TricholomataceaeEN: Chicken Run Funnel, DE: Ranziger Trichterling, Bitterliche TrichterlingSlo.: vodenasta livkaDat.: Oct. 3. 2019Lat.: 46.359475 Long.: 13.704377Code: Bot_1260/2019_DSC8137Habitat: Predominantly Fagus sylvatica forest with some Picea abies and Ostrya carpinifolia; moderately inclined mountain slope, southeast aspect; calcareous, colluvial, skeletal ground covered by leaf litter; fairly dry place; in shade; partly protected from direct rain by tree canopies; average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 7-9 deg C, elevation 555 m (1.829 feet), alpine phytogeographical region.Substratum: Fagus sylvatica leaf litter on ground.Place: Lower Trenta valley, between villages Soa and Trenta, near farm house Skokar, Trenta 2, East Julian Alps, Posoje, Slovenia EC.Comments: Clitocybe phaeophthalma is quite a common mushroom in Slovenia. It is poisonous since it contains muscarin. Quite interesting is its smell. My impression was: distinct, hard to say on what, but not unpleasant. This contradicts to most descriptions found in literature available to me. While its taste is described quite consistently as unpleasant and bitter (such was also my observation), the descriptions of its smell vary wildly. In the literature one can find following statements: unpleasant, on chicken run, on wet chicken, on chicken house, on roses, on honey, sweet-rancid, strongly sourish, stale Apparently all other traits of this find fit well to the descriptions of this species.Growing scattered, more than 10 pilei on a few square meters of forest ground; pilei diameter 3 6 cm, stipe length 3 5 cm, stipe diameter 4 8.5 mm, hollow, fibrous; taste unpleasant, bitter; smell distinct, hard to say on what, not unpleasant; a lot of mycelium at the base of the stipe among rotten leaves; SP white, oac900.Spores smooth. Dimensions: (5.4) 5.5 - 6.7 (7.1) (3.5) 3.7 - 4.5 (4.7) m; Q = (1.2) 1.3 - 1.6 (1.8); N = 30; Me = 6.2 4.2 m; Qe = 1.5. Olympus CH20, NEA 100x/1.25, magnification 1.000 x, oil (spores); fresh material; in water. AmScope MA500 digital camera.Herbarium: Index Herbariorum LJF @ Mycotheca and lichen herbarium of Slovenian Forestry Institute.Ref.: (1) Personal communication with Mr. Bojan Rot (conf.);
www. gobenabovskem.si (2) J. Breitenbach, F. Kraenzlin, Eds., Fungi of Switzerland, Vol.3. Verlag Mykologia (1991), p 166. (3) G.J. Krieglsteiner (Hrsg.), Die Grosspilze Baden-Wrttembergs, Band 3., Ulmer (2001), p 182.(4) T. Lsse, J.H. Petersen, Fungi of temperate Europe, Vol. 1., Princeton University Press (2019), p 120. (5) L. Hagar, Ottova Encyklopedia Hb, Ottova Nakladatelstvi, Praha (2015) (in Slovakian), p 790.(6) R. Phillips, Mushrooms, Macmillan (2006), p 92. (7)
www.123pilzsuche.de/daten/details/BitterlicherTrichterlin..., (accessed Nov.19. 2019) (8) S. Buczacki, Collins Fungi Guide, Collins (2012), p 170.
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Melanoleuca polioleuca (Fr. 1821) Khn. & Mre. 1934, syn.: Melanoleuca melaleuca ss. Bress., Khn. 1974, Melanoleuca oreina (Fr. 1815) Khn. & Mre. 1934, Melanoleuca vulgaris (Pat. 1887) Pat. 1900 (non 1897)Common Cavalier, DE: Schwarzweisser WeichritterlingSlo.: pegasta gostolistkaDat.: Oct. 19. 2014Lat.: 46.36029 Long.: 13.70264Code: Bot_850/2014_DSC4876Habitat: grassland mowed twice a year, semiruderal calcareous ground next to a small wooden building, on its southeast side, flat terrain, partly sunny, exposed to direct rain, average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 7-9 deg C, elevation 600 m (1.950 feet), alpine phytogeographical region.Substratum: soil.Place: Lower Trenta valley, right banks of river Soa, in front of Trenta 2b cottage, East Julian Alps, Posoje, Slovenia EC Comments: Members of genus Melanoleuca are difficult to be determined to species level. Many pros agree this is almost impossible without microscopy. No wonder many old observations seem to be questionable particularly in Melanoleuca melaleuca group where in addition species names melaleuca, polioleuca and vulgaris have been treated differently by different authors. Krieglsteiner (2001) states that large part of all historical observations not supported with an available exsiccate should be simply forgotten. Nevertheless, following Ref.1.the mushrooms photographed seem to be Melanoleuca polioleuca. Two typical traits, large cheilocystidia (a few with a small head of crystals have been also observed) and brownish trama in stipe base should distinguish it from very similar M. melaleuca, which grows in exactly the same habitats.Growing in a group of about 10 pilei within 2 x 0.5 m area; pilei diameter 6-9 cm, pilei surface looking velvety; pilei slightly hygrophanous, cutis peels off easily up to about 1/3 of the radius of pilei; stipe fibrous,4.5-8 cm long and 9-12 mm in diameter, at the base somewhat club shaped with a diameter of up to 18 mm; taste mild, mushroomy, pleasant, somewhat sweet; smell none; SP abundant, beige with slight green tint, oac7.Spores warty. Dimensions: 7,1 [7,8 ; 8] 8,7 x 4,6 [4,9 ; 5] 5,3 micr., Q = 1,4 [1,6] 1,8; N = 40; C = 95%; Me = 7,9 x 5 mm ; Qe = 1,6. Cheilocystidia dimensions: 55 [65,3 ; 72,1] 82,4 x 8,7 [11,5 ; 13,3] 16,1 micr., Q = 4,3 [5,3 ; 5,9] 6,9; N = 16; C = 95%; Me = 68,7 x 12,4 micr.; Qe = 5,6. Olympus CH20, NEA 100x/1.25, magnification 1.000 x, oil (spores), NEA 40x/0.65, magnification 400x (asci, cystidia), in water, Congo red. AmScope MA500 digital camera.Herbarium: Mycotheca and lichen herbarium (LJU-Li) of Slovenian Forestry Institute, Vena pot 2, Ljubljana, Index Herbariorum LJFRef.:(1) G.J. Krieglsteiner (Hrsg.), Die Grosspilze Baden-Wrttembergs, Band 3., Ulmer (2001), p 375 (2) S. Buczacki, Collins Fungi Guide, Collins (2012), p 210.(3) R. Phillips, Mushrooms, Macmillan (2006), p 99. (4) D. Arora, Mushrooms Demystified, Ten Speed Press, Berkeley (1986), p 170, (M. melaleucas.lat.)
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A widespread species known as the Common Funnel. Some would place this in the Infundibulicybe genus.
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Tricholomopsis decora Prunes and CustardSlo.: lina trhlenkaDat.: Oct. 24. 2011Lat.: 46.32960 Long.: 13.52489Code: Bot_565/2011_DSC0456 Habitat: Mixed wood: Picea abies, Pinus nigra, Fagus sylvatica, Fraxinus ornus and Fraxinus excelsior, etc; flat terrain, shallow forest soil layer, probably somewhat acid, old consolidated river deposit, calcareous ground, in shade, partly protected from direct rain by tree canopies, average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 8-10 deg C, elevation 410 m (1.350 feet), alpine phytogeographical region.Substratum: Fallen rotten trunk of a small Pinus nigra.Place: Bovec basin, west of Bovec, on the terrace east of Bovec golf playground, East Julian Alps, Posoje, Slovenia EC Comments: Several fruitbodies on the log, pileus diameter up to 6.5 cm (3.5 inch), taste and smell indistinctive, SP white with faint pink tint (oac795), cup golden-yellow (oac852), gills deep golden (oac811), stipe concolorous with gills, lighter at the base. Spore dimensions: 7.2 (SD = 0.5) x 5.3 (SD = 0.4) micr., Q = 1.4 (SD = 0.09), n = 30. Motic B2-211A, magnification 1.000 x, oil, in water. Ref.:(1) Id'ed by Mr. Bojan Rot. (2)
www.mushroomexpert.com/tricholomopsis_decora.html .(3)
www.grzyby.pl/gatunki/Tricholomopsis_decora.htm .(4) R.Phillips, Mushrooms, Macmillan (2006), p 98. (5) M.Bon, Parey's Buch der Pilze, Kosmos (2005), p 150.