-
-
On sugar maple in back yard. No collection made.
-
-
Slo.: ? - syn.: Blastenia rupestris var. calva (Dicks.) Lettau, Lecanora calva (Dicks.) Nyl., Protoblastenia rupestris var. calva (Dicks.) J. Steiner, Lecidea calva (Dicks.) Nyl. - Habitat: man made stone wall delimiting former pastures, which are partly overgrown with bushes and trees now; slightly inclined mountain slope, southeast aspect; calcareous ground; partly in shade; relatively dry and warm place; partly protected from direct rain by tree canopies; average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 7-9 deg C, elevations 580 m (1.900 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. Substratum: +/- vertical hard calcareous rock surface. Comment: Protoblastenia calva is not a rare species, however, as almost all endolithic lichens (their thallus is living inside rock among rock grains) is hard to spot from far. This is particularly true if they aren't fertile and dry. They appear as (usually only slightly) 'discolored' rock surface. When wet and fertile they are more apparent since colors are more pronounced. Protoblastenia calva possesses relatively large apothecia (up to 1.5 mm in diameter) of frequently vivid orange color. So, it can be spotted also by naked eye with some attention. Apothecia scattered, sessile, not in pits and from 0,5 to 1,2 mm in diameter, bullate or almost spherical. Thallus endolithic but not completely. Epilithic part white, surface farinous or very finely grainy (Wirth, 1995 - see pic.:10b). Fund on several places of several rocks, almost always right next to Protoblastenia incrustans (small yellow-orange apothecia in pits). Note also slightly darker thallus of Protoblastenia incrustans. Lichens photographed in moist conditions after several rainy days.Ref.:(1) F.S. Dobson, Lichens, The Richmonds Publishing Ca.LTD (2005), p 363.(2) http://dryades.units.it/italic/index.php?procedure=images2&taxon=Protoblastenia%20calva%20(Dicks.)%20Zahlbr%2E (accessed Feb. 25. 2018)(3) http://www.stridvall.se/lichens/gallery/Protoblastenia?page=1 (accessed Feb. 27. 2018) (4) http://www.stridvall.se/lichens/gallery/Protoblastenia/NIKA9793 (accessed Feb. 28. 2018) (5) C.W.Smith, et all, The lichens of Great Britain and Ireland,The British Lichen Society,(2009), p 750.(6) V. Wirth, Die Flechten Baden-Wrttembergs, Teil. 2., Ulmer (1995), p 773.
-
Slo.: navadni pljuar - Habitat: Mountain secondary beach wood, step, south oriented slope, rocky calcareous ground, shallow soil layer, in shade, partly protected from direct rain by tree canopies, average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 5-8 deg C, elevation 910 m (3.000 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. - Substratum: fallen Fagus sylvatica, not yet rotten. - Comments: Thallus width of about 35 cm (one foot). Lichen in a half dry condition. Growing solitary. - Ref.: (1) V.Wirth, Die Flechen Baden-Wuerttembergs, Ulmer (1995), Vol. 2, p 563. (2) I.Brodo, S.Sharnoff, S.Sharnoff, Lichens of North America, Yale Uni. Press (2001), p417. (3) V.Wirth, R.Duell, Farbatlas Flechten ind Moose, Ulmer (2000), p67.
-
-
-
-
-
-
Habitat: bark of Betula pendula at breast height, south exposition, stand alone tree in the middle of a mountain meadow, precipitations > 3.000 mm/year
-
-
-
Habitat: Wood-side of hardwood forest, next to a dirt road and a farmhouse, cretaceous clastic rock (flysh), S oriented, fairly light and sunny place, protected from direct rain by tree canopy, precipitations ~3.000 mm/year, average temperature 8-10 deg C, elevation 530 m (1.700 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. Substratum: deciduous tree bark at the tree base.
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Alectoria lata, EBP#4512
-
-
Slo.: lasasti bradovec - syn.: Usnea dasypoga (Ach.) Shirlay; Usnea flagellata Mot. - Habitat: alpine forest, Picea abies, Fagus sylvatica, Larix decidua dominant trees, almost flat terrain, calcareous ground, in shade, partly protected from direct rain by tree canopies, average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 8-10 deg C, elevation 1.660 m (5.450 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. Substratum: Dead branch of Larix decidua.Comment: Thallus pendant, approximately 30 cm long, completely dry (after more than one month of dry weather, temperatures below 0 deg C); many lichens present. The species was once abundant in mountain forests. However, it is very sensitive to air pollution and is hence in strong decline in many places in Europe where it is considered endangered and (mostly) protected. Plants with apothecia became rare. At higher elevations in Trenta valley this lichen is still quite common and apothecia are still abundant. However, even here some damages due to pollution can be observed (brown dots on apothecia surface - see arrows on Fig. 11).This lichen has been historically used to treat wounds and modern tests for antibacterial properties have been positive. The lichen contains antibiotic usnin-acid, which is nowadays synthetically produced.Ref.:(1) I.M. Brodo, S.D. Sharnoff, S.Sharnoff, Lichens of North America, Yale Uni. Press (2001), p 718.(2) F.S. Dobson, Lichens, The Richmonds Publishing Ca.LTD (2005), p 443.(3) B. Marbach, C. Kainz, Moose, Farne und Flechten, BLV Naturfrer (2002), p 78.(4) C.W. Smith, et all, The lichens of Great Britain and Ireland, The British Lichen Society (2009), p 923.(5) V. Wirth, Die Flechten Baden-Wrttembergs, Teil.2., Ulmer (1995), p 947.