Pond Pine

Pinus serotina is fire successional and sprouts adventitiously after crown fires. It is part of a distinct forest type including Taxodium distichum (Linnaeus) Richard, Nyssa biflora Walter, Magnolia virginiana Linnaeus, Persea sp., and Ilex sp. Of good form when protected from fire, P . serotina then much resembles P . taeda , with which it hybridizes naturally. It is of increasing importance as pulpwood.

Trees to 21m; trunk to 0.6m diam., straight or more often crooked, commonly with adventitious sprouts; crown becoming ragged, thin, often broadly rounded or flat. Bark red-brown, irregularly furrowed and cross-checked into rectangular, flat, scaly plates. Branches spreading to ascending; twigs stout, orange- to yellow-orange, frequently glaucous, aging darker. Buds ovoid to narrowly ovoid, red-brown, 1--1.5(--2)cm, resinous. Leaves 3 per fascicle (to 5 in adventitious or disturbed growth), spreading to ascending, persisting 2--3 years, (12--)15--20(--21)cm ´ 1.3--1.5(--2)mm, slightly twisted, tufted at twig tips, straight, yellow-green, all surfaces with fine stomatal lines, margins serrulate, apex acuminate; sheath 1--2cm, base persistent. Pollen cones cylindric, to 30mm, yellow-brown. Seed cones maturing in 2 years, in some populations beginning to shed seeds then but more often variably serotinous, long-persistent, often whorled, symmetric, ovoid to lanceoloid before opening, broadly ovoid to nearly globose when open, 5--8cm, pale red-brown to creamy brown, sessile or on stalks to 1cm, scales with dark red-brown border on adaxial surface distally; apophyses slightly thickened, low, rhombic, low cross-keeled; umbo central, low-conic, with short, weak prickle, sometimes unarmed. Seeds ellipsoid, oblique at tip, somewhat compressed; body 5--6mm, pale brown, mottled darker or nearly black; wing to 20mm. 2 n =24.

Trees to 21 m tall; trunk to 0.6 m d.b.h. in native range, usually with adventitious sprouts; bark red-brown, irregularly furrowed into oblong, flat, scaly plates; crown often rounded or flat; branchlets orange- or yellow-brown, often glaucous, stout; winter buds red-brown, ovoid or narrowly ovoid, 1-1.5 (-2) cm. Needles tufted at branchlet tips, 3 (or 5 in adventitious or disturbed growth) per bundle, slightly twisted, (12-)15-21 cm × 0.3-1.5(-2) mm, stomatal lines present on all surfaces, fine, base with persistent sheath 1-2 cm, margin serrulate, Seed cones whorled, sessile or pedunculate (when peduncles to 1 cm), pale red-brown or creamy brown, broadly ovoid or globose when open, 5-8 cm, maturing in 2 years, late dehiscent. Seed scales with dark red-brown border adaxially distally; apophyses rhombic, low cross keeled; umbo with a short, weak prickle, sometimes unarmed. Seeds pale brown, mottled darker or nearly black, somewhat compressed, ellipsoid, 5-6 mm, apex oblique; wing to 2 cm.

Flatwoods, flatwoods bogs, savannas, and barrens; 0--200m; Ala., Del., Fla., Ga., Md., N.J., N.C., S.C., Va.

Cultivated. Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Zhejiang [native to SE United States]

Pinus rigida Miller subsp. serotina (Michaux) R.T. Clausen; P. rigida var. serotina (Michaux) Hoopes

Pinus rigida Miller var. serotina (Michaux) Loudon ex Hoopes.