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Slo.: noroglavka, svinjski goban - Habitat: southeast inclined mountain slope, mixed wood, dominant trees Ostrya carpinifolia, Picea abies and Fagus sylvatica; in a thicket of young Picea abies, in shade, relatively warm place; calcareous ground, partly protected from direct rain by tree canopies, average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 7-9 deg C, elevation 750 m (2.500 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. - Substratum: soil covered by leaf in needles litter. - Comments: Although Boletus luridus is probably the most frequent of all boletes in Posoje and I've seen and photographed them many times, I could not resist taking pictures of this beautiful group of a few young fruitbodies well hidden under young European spruce thickets. Boletus luridus is very colorful, meaning more many colored than of one or two saturated uniform colors. One can find all kinds of shade of red, blue and green (when bruised), yellow, ocher, brown, black and who knows which else color. Having very characteristic red net on its stipe, it is usually easy to determine it correctly. Rapidly and drastically changing color on all its parts when handled also helps. Some people claim it is eatable but I haven't (yet?) try it. All I know is that snails like it very much. - Ref.: (1) Personal communication with Mr. Anton Poler. (2) http://www.mykonet.ch/images/Roehrlinge/Boletus_luridus401.JPG - (3) G. Pace, Vse o gobah (in Slovene), Mladinska Knjiga (1997), p257. - (4) J. Grom, Nae gobe (in Slovene), epna Knjiga, (1981), p29.
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Slo.: mecesnova lupljivka, mecesnov gobanek - Habitat: Grazed meadow, surrounded by mixed forest, northeast mountain slope, calcareous ground, under a Larix decidua, moderately sunny place, exposed to direct rain; average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 8-10 deg C, elevation 440 m (1.450 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. - Substratum: soil. - Comments: Growing solitary, pileus diameter up to 12 cm (4.7 inches); viscous caps; SP brown. Spores smooth, dimensions: 8.7 (SD = 0.7) x 3.4 (SD = 0.3) micr., Q.= 2.58 (SD = 0.11), n = 30. Motic B2-211A, magnification 1.000 x, oil, in water. - Ref.: (1) R.M. Daehncke, 1200 Pilze in Farbfotos, AT Verlag (2009), p 367. (2) M.Bon, Parey's Buch der Pilze, Kosmos (2005), p 46. (3) A.Poler, Veselo po gobe (in Slovene), Mohorjeva druba Celovec (2002), p 194. (4) D.Arora, Mushrooms Demystified, Ten Speed Press, Berkeley (1986), p 497.
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Slo.: grenki goban - syn. Boletus albidus - Habitat: mixed mountain wood, dominant trees Fagus sylvatica and Picea abies; moderately steep mountain slope, south aspect; calcareous ground; in shade; partly protected from direct rain by tree canopies; average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 3-5 deg C, elevation 1.260 m (4.150 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. Substratum: forest soil. Comments: Texture and color of the upper surface of the hut, rooting stipe, turning blue on bruising and, in particular, very strong bitter taste are typical traits of Boletus radicans. What surprises in this find is reddish coloration of damaged places (by snails) and quite distinctive reddish tones of the stipe. This is unusual with Boletus radicans and causes some doubts in our determination. However, no better alternatives have been found. Growing solitary; pileus diameter 8.5 cm; taste strongly bitter, smell faint, unpleasant; quickly bruising blue-green when handled; SP faint, color indistinguishable. Spores smooth. Dimensions: 12.4 [13.7 ; 14.2] 15.5 x 5 [5.5 ; 5.8] 6.3 microns Q = 2.2 [2.4 ; 2.5] 2.8; N = 34; C = 95%; Me = 14 x 5.6 microns; Qe = 2,5. Olympus CH20, NEA 100x/1.25, magnification 1.000 x, oil; in water. AmScope MA500 digital camera. Herbarium: Mycotheca and lichen herbarium (LJU-Li) of Slovenian Forestry Institute, Vena pot 2, Ljubljana, Index Herbariorum LJF Ref.: (1) Personal communication with Mr. Bojan Rot and (conf.) Mr. Anton Poler. (2) G. Kibby, British Boletes, Copyright Geoffrey Kibby (2011), p 20. (3) R.M. Daehncke, 1200 Pilze in Farbfotos, AT Verlag (2009), p 72. (4) M. Bon, Parey's Buch der Pilze, Kosmos (2005), p 36. (5) S. Buczacki, Collins Fungi Guide, Collins (2012), p 406.
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Slo.: kravnjaa, prona lupljivka - Habitat: Grassland, former pasture overgrown with scattered Picea abies and some Larix decidua, flat sandy calcareous ground, well settled alluvial deposits, fairly sunny, exposed to direct rain, average temperature 6-8 deg C, average precipitations ~3.000 mm/year, elevation 960 m (3.150 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. - Substratum: mossy soil. - Comment 1: Uncertain determination. Surprising, but definitely no Pinus sp. around, but a few young Picea abies at 3-5 m (10 - 16 feet) away and a few large Larix decidua at about 10+ m (30+ feet) away. According to literature it should be mycorrhiza with Pinus sp. Unusually strongly decurent pores, cuticle sticky, 5 - 6 specimens in a loose group. Spore print faint, ocker(?). Spore dimensions: 10.0 (SD=0.7) x 4.3 (SD=0.2) micr, n=20. Motic B1-211A, magnification 1.000 x, oil, in water. - Comment 2: Additional information has been gathered through Mr. Gregor Podgornik, NAC (Natural History Center) Tolmin, Slovenia and his colleagues Christopher Hahn, UNI Muenchen, dr. Armin Mesi, Institute Rudjer Bokovi, Zagreb and dr. Alfredo Vizzini, UNI Torino. The referees agree that this is not a normal S. bovinus, but probably one with deformed hymenophore apparently by a virus, looking like a mix between S. tridentinus and S. bovinus. - Ref.: (1) G. Pace, Vse o gobah (in Slovene), Mladinska Knjiga (1997), p 269. (2) J.Grom, Nae gobe (in Slovene), epna Knjiga, (1981), p 25. (3) M.Bon, Pareys Buch der Pilze, Kosmos (2005), p 48. (4) R.M.Daehncke, 1200 Pilze in Farbfotos, AT Verlag (2009), p 34. (5) R.Lueder, Grundkurs Pilzbestimmung, Quelle & Mayer (2008), p 368.
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Habitat: Mixed forest, deciduous trees dominant, flat terrain, cretaceous clastic rock (flysh) bedrock, in shade, relatively moist place, partly protected from direct rain by tree canopies, average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 8-10 deg C, elevations 420 m (1.400 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. - Substratum: soil. - Comments: Growing in a group of several sporocarps. Sporocarps diameter up to 8.5 cm, up to 6,5 cm tall; sporocarps wall thickness up to 2.8 mm; sporocarp ocher-gold (oac804), squamules deep brown (oac735), gleba gray-brown with greenish tint (oac868). - Spores with coarse ornamentation. Dimensions: 10.7 (SD = 0.7) x 10.5 (SD = 0.6) ?, Q = 1.02 (SD = 0.07), n = 30. Olympus CH20, NEA 100x/1.25, magnification 1.000 x, oil, in water. AmScope MA500 digital camera. - Herbarium: Mycotheca and lichen herbarium of Slovenian Forestry nstitute, Večna pot 2, Ljubljana, Index Herbariorum LJF - Ref.: (1) http://www.mushroomexpert.com/scleroderma_citrinum.html (2) R.Phillips, Mushrooms, Macmillan (2006), p 332. (3) M.Bon, Parey's Buch der Pilze, Kosmos (2005), p 302. (4) S.Buczacki, Collins Fungi Guide, Collins (2012), p 428. (5) G.J.Krieglsteiner (Hrsg.), Die Grosspilze Bade-Wrttembergs, Band 2., Ulmer (2000), p 176.
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under aspen
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Slo.: gabrov bed - ; Synonymy: Boletus griseus (Qul.) Sacc. & D. Sacc., Gyroporus griseus Qul., Leccinum griseum (Qul.) Singer., Leccinum carpini (R. Schulz) M.M. Moser ex D.A. Reid ?, Leccinellum pseudoscabrum (Kallenb.) Mikk ? - Habitat: predominantly hard wood, broadleaf tree forest; moderately inclined mountain slope, southwest inclination; cretaceous clastic rock (flysh) bedrock, partly protected from direct rain by tree canopies; average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 8-10 deg C, elevation 460 m (1.500 feet), alpine phytogeographical region.Substratum: soil.Comments: Members of genus Leccinum/Leccinellum are relatively easy to recognize by distinct stem squamules. However, their taxonomy is a problem and species determination is often difficult. No definite and generally accepted answers are known. In 1995 the genus Leccinum comprised about 36 species distinguished by their macro-characters. Ten years later, in 2005, only 14 were still recognized based on DNA analysis (Kibby 2011). It has been proven that some traditional traits, which seemed once very important (for example flesh color changes when cut) have little significance. A new genus Leccinellum was established based on characteristics of hypha in hut cuticle. Yet not all mycologists agree with this approach. Such situation reflects in the fact that in Index Fungorum (IF) current name of this observation is probably Leccinellum griseum, while MycoBank still keeps with the current name Leccinum griseum. There are several ambiguities about species names and I am not sure I handled them correctly. Be that as it may this species doesn't look too appealing for photography, particularly not when old (as on these photos). But it is quite common in Slovenia and edible, and of very good taste (when younger). In this observation it was growing solitary. Spores smooth. Dimensions: (15,1) 15,3 - 16,7 (17,4) (5,2) 5,3 - 5,9 (6,3) m; Q = (2,4) 2,7 - 3,1 (3,2); N = 10; Me = 15,9 5,6 m; Qe = 2,8. Olympus CH20, NEA 100x/1.25, magnification 1.000 x, oil; in water, fresh material. AmScope MA500 digital camera.Ref.: (1) Personal communication with Mr. Bojan Rot, www.gobenabovskem.si.(2) G. Kibby, British Boletes, Copyright Geoffrey Kibby (2011), p 56.(3) http://www.mycodb.fr/fiche.php?genre=Leccinellum&espece=griseum m (accessed March 6. 2018) (4) G.J. Krieglsteiner (Hrsg.), Die Grosspilze Baden-Wrttembergs, Band 2, Ulmer (2000), p 275. (5) J. Breitenbach, F. Kraenzlin, Eds., Fungi of Switzerland, Vol.3. Verlag Mykologia (1991), p 70.
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Slo.: rni kutravec - Habitat: Predominantly Fagus sylvatica forest with some Picea abies and other hardwood trees, steep north-west oriented mountain slop, cretaceous clastic rock (flysh) bedrock, humid and shady place; partly protected from direct rain by tree canopies; average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 8-10 deg C, elevation 470 m (1.500 feet), border between submediterranean and alpine phytogeographical region. - Substratum: forest soil, under Fagus sylvatica. - Comments: Growing solitary. Spores ornamented. Dimensions: 9,4 [10,9 ; 11,5] 13 x 7,4 [8,4 ; 8,8] 9,8 microns, Q = 1,1 [1,3] 1,5 ; N = 37 ; C = 95%, Me = 11,2 x 8,6 microns ; Qe = 1,3. Olympus CH20, NEA 100x/1.25, magnification 1.000 x, oil, in water. AmScope MA500 digital camera. - Ref.: (1) http://boletales.com/genera/strobilomyces/s-strobilaceus/ .(2) http://www.rogersmushrooms.com/gallery/DisplayBlock~bid~6786.asp (3) http://www.gobe.si/Gobe/StrobilomycesStrobilaceus (4) http://www.asturnatura.com/especie/strobilomyces-strobilaceus.html
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Slo.: bakreni polar - syn.: Gomphidius viscidus (L.) Fr. - Habitat: sandy grassland; mixed broadleaved and conifer wood edge; Picea abies, Pinus sylvestris, Salix eleagnos in the vicinity; semiruderal, calcareous ground; flat terrain; dry, half sunny place; exposed to direct rain; average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 7-9 deg C, elevation 580 m (1.900 feet), alpine phytogeographical region.Substratum: soil.Comments: Croomogomphus rutilus is a quite common fungus in this region. Two other species Chroomogomhus helveticus and C. glutinosus grow in the same region. It is not always simple to tell them apart. C. glutinosus is normally very slimy and grows always under Picea abies while Croomogomphus rutilus grows only under two-needle pines. C. helveticus is rarely slimy but grows under Picea abies, two- and fife-needle Pinus species. Inamyloid hypha of the pileipellis is another more demanding distinguishing character. Spore dimensions are very similar of all three and hence of little help in discrimination. Different mycorrhizal partners also did not help in identification of this find since Picea abies and Pinus sylvestris (a two-needle species) were in the vicinity. Yet, characteristic copper tone of the pilei seems to be quite a reliable feature for Croomogomphus rutilus. Growing in small groups of a few fruit bodies and solitary; SP abundant, grayish-brown. Spores smooth. Dimensions 17,3 [18,5 ; 19,1] 20,3 x 5,8 [6,4 ; 6,6] 7,1 microns; Q = 2,6 [2,8 ; 3] 3,2; N = 24; C = 95%; Me = 18,8 x 6,5 microns; Qe = 2,9. Olympus CH20, NEA 100x/1.25, magnification 1.000 x, oil, in water, fresh material. AmScope MA500 digital camera.Ref.:(1) J. Breitenbach, F. Kraenzlin, Eds., Fungi of Switzerland, Vol.3. Verlag Mykologia (1991), p 96. (2) G.J. Krieglsteiner (Hrsg.), Die Grosspilze Baden-Wrttembergs, Band 2., Ulmer (2000), p 341. (3) M. Bon, Parey's Buch der Pilze, Kosmos (2005), p 50. (4) R.Phillips, Mushrooms, Macmillan (2006), p 271. (5) S.Buczacki, Collins Fungi Guide, Collins (2012), p 422.
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Slo.: veliki slinar - Habitat: Consolidated alluvial deposits of a mountain stream, calcareous sandy ground, among grasses, half under a small (1.5 m 5 feet tall) Picea abies, pretty sunny and dry place, exposed to direct rain, average precipitations ~3.000 mm/year, average temperatures 5-7 deg C, elevation 900 m (3.000 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. - Substratum: sandy soil. - Comment: spore print abundant, dark blackish chesnut-brown. - Ref.: - G. Pace, Vse o gobah (in Slovene), Mladinska Knjiga (1997), p242. - J.Grom, Nae gobe (in Slovene), epna Knjiga, (1981), p96. - Spore picture: magnification 1.000x, Motic B1-211 and Nikon D70, Nikkor 50 mm/f1.8
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Slo.: opletena koreninka - Syn.: R. luteolus - Habitat: Scree and sand, flat ground, deposits of a nearby torrent, nutrient poor calcareous ground, barely covered by some vegetation with dominant Globularia cordifolia, Carex sp., Cladonia sp. and some mosses, among scattered young Pinus sp., dry place, full sun, fully exposed to rain, average precipitations ~3.000 mm/year, average temperature 6-8 deg C, elevation 600m (2.000 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. - Substratum: sandy soil. - Comments: Spore dimensions: 7.8 (SD=0.7) x 3.3 (SD=0.2) micr, Q=2.3 (SD=0.22), n=35. Motic B1-211A, magnification 1.000 x, oil, in water. - Ref.: M.Bon, Pareys Buch der Pilze, Kosmos (2005), p 302. R.M.Daehncke, 1200 Pilze in Farbfotos, AT Verlag (2009), p 1097. http://www.mycokey.com/MycoKeySolidState/species/Rhizopogon_obtextus.html .