Suillineae

SU274068 Lyndhurst, New Forest, Hants

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SU274068 Lyndhurst, New Forest, Hants

Dorsal, Ventral..

Dorsal, Ventral..

Dorsal, Ventral..

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Slo.: mecesnova lupljivka, mecesnov gobanek - Habitat: Grazed meadow, surrounded by mixed forest, northeast mountain slope, calcareous ground, under a Larix decidua, moderately sunny place, exposed to direct rain; average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 8-10 deg C, elevation 440 m (1.450 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. - Substratum: soil. - Comments: Growing solitary, pileus diameter up to 12 cm (4.7 inches); viscous caps; SP brown. Spores smooth, dimensions: 8.7 (SD = 0.7) x 3.4 (SD = 0.3) micr., Q.= 2.58 (SD = 0.11), n = 30. Motic B2-211A, magnification 1.000 x, oil, in water. - Ref.: (1) R.M. Daehncke, 1200 Pilze in Farbfotos, AT Verlag (2009), p 367. (2) M.Bon, Parey's Buch der Pilze, Kosmos (2005), p 46. (3) A.Poler, Veselo po gobe (in Slovene), Mohorjeva druba Celovec (2002), p 194. (4) D.Arora, Mushrooms Demystified, Ten Speed Press, Berkeley (1986), p 497.

Slo.: kravnjaa, prona lupljivka - Habitat: Grassland, former pasture overgrown with scattered Picea abies and some Larix decidua, flat sandy calcareous ground, well settled alluvial deposits, fairly sunny, exposed to direct rain, average temperature 6-8 deg C, average precipitations ~3.000 mm/year, elevation 960 m (3.150 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. - Substratum: mossy soil. - Comment 1: Uncertain determination. Surprising, but definitely no Pinus sp. around, but a few young Picea abies at 3-5 m (10 - 16 feet) away and a few large Larix decidua at about 10+ m (30+ feet) away. According to literature it should be mycorrhiza with Pinus sp. Unusually strongly decurent pores, cuticle sticky, 5 - 6 specimens in a loose group. Spore print faint, ocker(?). Spore dimensions: 10.0 (SD=0.7) x 4.3 (SD=0.2) micr, n=20. Motic B1-211A, magnification 1.000 x, oil, in water. - Comment 2: Additional information has been gathered through Mr. Gregor Podgornik, NAC (Natural History Center) Tolmin, Slovenia and his colleagues Christopher Hahn, UNI Muenchen, dr. Armin Mesi, Institute Rudjer Bokovi, Zagreb and dr. Alfredo Vizzini, UNI Torino. The referees agree that this is not a normal S. bovinus, but probably one with deformed hymenophore apparently by a virus, looking like a mix between S. tridentinus and S. bovinus. - Ref.: (1) G. Pace, Vse o gobah (in Slovene), Mladinska Knjiga (1997), p 269. (2) J.Grom, Nae gobe (in Slovene), epna Knjiga, (1981), p 25. (3) M.Bon, Pareys Buch der Pilze, Kosmos (2005), p 48. (4) R.M.Daehncke, 1200 Pilze in Farbfotos, AT Verlag (2009), p 34. (5) R.Lueder, Grundkurs Pilzbestimmung, Quelle & Mayer (2008), p 368.

Slo.: bakreni polar - syn.: Gomphidius viscidus (L.) Fr. - Habitat: sandy grassland; mixed broadleaved and conifer wood edge; Picea abies, Pinus sylvestris, Salix eleagnos in the vicinity; semiruderal, calcareous ground; flat terrain; dry, half sunny place; exposed to direct rain; average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 7-9 deg C, elevation 580 m (1.900 feet), alpine phytogeographical region.Substratum: soil.Comments: Croomogomphus rutilus is a quite common fungus in this region. Two other species Chroomogomhus helveticus and C. glutinosus grow in the same region. It is not always simple to tell them apart. C. glutinosus is normally very slimy and grows always under Picea abies while Croomogomphus rutilus grows only under two-needle pines. C. helveticus is rarely slimy but grows under Picea abies, two- and fife-needle Pinus species. Inamyloid hypha of the pileipellis is another more demanding distinguishing character. Spore dimensions are very similar of all three and hence of little help in discrimination. Different mycorrhizal partners also did not help in identification of this find since Picea abies and Pinus sylvestris (a two-needle species) were in the vicinity. Yet, characteristic copper tone of the pilei seems to be quite a reliable feature for Croomogomphus rutilus. Growing in small groups of a few fruit bodies and solitary; SP abundant, grayish-brown. Spores smooth. Dimensions 17,3 [18,5 ; 19,1] 20,3 x 5,8 [6,4 ; 6,6] 7,1 microns; Q = 2,6 [2,8 ; 3] 3,2; N = 24; C = 95%; Me = 18,8 x 6,5 microns; Qe = 2,9. Olympus CH20, NEA 100x/1.25, magnification 1.000 x, oil, in water, fresh material. AmScope MA500 digital camera.Ref.:(1) J. Breitenbach, F. Kraenzlin, Eds., Fungi of Switzerland, Vol.3. Verlag Mykologia (1991), p 96. (2) G.J. Krieglsteiner (Hrsg.), Die Grosspilze Baden-Wrttembergs, Band 2., Ulmer (2000), p 341. (3) M. Bon, Parey's Buch der Pilze, Kosmos (2005), p 50. (4) R.Phillips, Mushrooms, Macmillan (2006), p 271. (5) S.Buczacki, Collins Fungi Guide, Collins (2012), p 422.

Slo.: veliki slinar - Habitat: Consolidated alluvial deposits of a mountain stream, calcareous sandy ground, among grasses, half under a small (1.5 m 5 feet tall) Picea abies, pretty sunny and dry place, exposed to direct rain, average precipitations ~3.000 mm/year, average temperatures 5-7 deg C, elevation 900 m (3.000 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. - Substratum: sandy soil. - Comment: spore print abundant, dark blackish chesnut-brown. - Ref.: - G. Pace, Vse o gobah (in Slovene), Mladinska Knjiga (1997), p242. - J.Grom, Nae gobe (in Slovene), epna Knjiga, (1981), p96. - Spore picture: magnification 1.000x, Motic B1-211 and Nikon D70, Nikkor 50 mm/f1.8

Slo.: opletena koreninka - Syn.: R. luteolus - Habitat: Scree and sand, flat ground, deposits of a nearby torrent, nutrient poor calcareous ground, barely covered by some vegetation with dominant Globularia cordifolia, Carex sp., Cladonia sp. and some mosses, among scattered young Pinus sp., dry place, full sun, fully exposed to rain, average precipitations ~3.000 mm/year, average temperature 6-8 deg C, elevation 600m (2.000 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. - Substratum: sandy soil. - Comments: Spore dimensions: 7.8 (SD=0.7) x 3.3 (SD=0.2) micr, Q=2.3 (SD=0.22), n=35. Motic B1-211A, magnification 1.000 x, oil, in water. - Ref.: M.Bon, Pareys Buch der Pilze, Kosmos (2005), p 302. R.M.Daehncke, 1200 Pilze in Farbfotos, AT Verlag (2009), p 1097. http://www.mycokey.com/MycoKeySolidState/species/Rhizopogon_obtextus.html .

Slo.: tridentinska lupljivka - syn: Boletus tridentinus Bres. - Habitat: Steep mountain slope, southwest aspect, mixed forest, Fagus sylvatica, Picea abies dominant, with scattered Larix decidua trees; in shade, partly protected from direct rain by tree canopies; calcareous, skeletal ground; under thicket of young Picea abies and about 3-4 m from a large Larix decidua tree, however not directly under its canopy; average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 4-6 deg C, elevation 860 m (2.820 feet), alpine phytogeographical region.Substratum: soil.Comments: This small but beautiful, orange-yellow bolete is widespread but in most regions a rare find. In Slovenia it was once protected and put on Red List. However, it is not listed in our last official document related to fungi protection from 2011. The reason is not known to me. This find is to my knowledge the second known one in the Upper Soa river region. Growing solitary. Relatively young fruitbody. Pileus diameter 4 cm, sticky surface; stipe 4.8 cm long, max diameter 15 mm, firm, not hollow; flesh firm, not bruising, after a day in the refrigerator slightly bluing; smell almost none; taste mild, mushroomy, pleasant; SP abundant, golden-yellow, oac852.Spores smooth. Dimensions: (9,4 [10,5 ; 10,9] 11,9 x 4,1 [4,4 ; 4,6] 4,9 microns; Q = 2,1 [2,3; 2,4] 2,7; N = 40; C = 95%; Me = 10,7 x 4,5 microns; Qe = 2,4. Olympus CH20, NEA 100x/1.25, magnification 1.000 x, oil, fresh material; in water. AmScope MA500 digital camera.Protected according to: Uredba o varstvu samoniklih gliv Uradni list RS, t. 57/1998, z dne 14. 8. 1998 (Regulation of protected wild growing fungi, Official Gazette of Republic Slovenia, no. 57/1998). Priloga 1. Red list, marked by R, denoting a rare species. Herbarium: Mycotheca and lichen herbarium (LJU-Li) of Slovenian Forestry Institute, Vena pot 2, Ljubljana, Index Herbariorum LJFRef.:(1) G. Kibby, British Boletes, Copyright Geoffrey Kibby (2011), p 37. (2) R. Phillips, Mushrooms, Macmillan (2006), p 294. (4) S. Buczacki, Collins Fungi Guide, Collins (2012), p 414. (5) G.J. Krieglsteiner (Hrsg.), Die Grosspilze Baden-Wrttembergs, Band 2., Ulmer (2000), p 308. (6) J. Breitenbach, F. Kraenzlin, Eds., Fungi of Switzerland, Vol.3. Verlag Mykologia (1991), p 82.

Slo.: siva lupljivka - syn: Boletus laricinus Berkeley, Boletus aeruginascens Secretan ex Opatowski - Habitat: Near mixed wood edge, alpine pasture, in low grass; moderately steep mountain slope, southwest aspect; calcareous, fairy skeletal ground; sunny and relatively warm place; limestone bedrock; average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 5-7 deg C, elevation 905 m (3.000 feet), alpine phytogeographical region.Substratum: soil.Comments: Suillus viscidus is not a rare find in Slovenia. It is strictly bound to Larix decidua trees and best recognized by large angular pores and the fact that it is, frankly speaking, an ugly mushroom of indefinite color somewhere among dirty white, gray, beige or pale brown. The whole mushroom is like this. When I first found it I didn't take pictures of it because I thought it was already decayed and therefore determination impossible. But already young pilei look like this. There were more than 10 pilei present at the location, mostly solitary, on an area of about 6 by 6 m. All of them grew under the canopies of Larix decidua or close to them. Pilei diameter 3 - 8 cm, surface viscid, cuticle peels very easily; stem 4 - 9 cm tall, 10 - 17 mm in diameter; taste mild, mushroomy; smell indistinctive; SP faint, brownish, oac could not be determined.Spores smooth. Dimensions: 9,5 [10,7 ; 11,2] 12,4 x 4,3 [4,7 ; 4,8] 5,1 microns; Q = 2 [2,3 ; 2,4] 2,6; N = 36; C = 95%; Me = 11 x 4,7 microns; Qe = 2,3. Olympus CH20, NEA 100x/1.25, magnification 1.000 x, oil, fresh material; in water. AmScope MA500 digital camera.Herbarium: Mycotheca and lichen herbarium (LJU-Li) of Slovenian Forestry Institute, Vena pot 2, Ljubljana, Index Herbariorum LJFRef.:(1) J. Breitenbach, F. Kraenzlin, Eds., Fungi of Switzerland, Vol.3. Verlag Mykologia (1991), p 84. (2) G.J. Krieglsteiner (Hrsg.), Die Grosspilze Baden-Wrttembergs, Band 2., Ulmer (2000), p 306. (3) R. Phillips, Mushrooms, Macmillan (2006), p 294. (4) S. Buczacki, Collins Fungi Guide, Collins (2012), p 414.

Slo.: poletna gomoljka - syn.: Tuber aestivum (Wulfen) Spreng., Tuber uncinatum Chatin, Tuber aestivum Vittad. (nom.illegit.), Hymenangium aestivum (Wulfen) Rabenh., Lycoperdon aestivum Wulfen - Habitat: mixed wood, Fagus sylvatica and Picea abies dominant trees; moderately inclined mountain slope, southeast aspect; skeletal, colluvial, calcareous ground; in shade; relatively warm and dry place; partly protected from direct rain by tree canopies; average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 7-9 deg C, elevation 560 m (1.840 feet), alpine phytogeographical region.Substratum: on soil, covered by forest ground humus, mainly rotten leaves of Fagus sylvatica.Comments: Naming members of genus Tuber is a problem for me. Different sources have different approaches. I am following Index Fungorum (current name Rhizopogon aestivus (former Tuber aestivum)). This disagrees with MycoBank and Ref.: 2, 6 and 7. Also, according to Ref.:2, molecular analysis showed no differences between Tuber aestivum and Tuber uncinatum. Therefore they are synonymized or T. uncinatum considered as a variety as a variety of T. aestivum. Another taxon - Tuber mesentericum - is very similar to Tuber aestivum. When old they are hard to separate (Ref.2). They have been synonymized or considered a Tuber aestivum variety by some authors; however molecular analysis showed that they are two different species (Ref.2). Macro and micro traits of this find correspond well to Rhizopogon aestivus = Tuber aestivum. However, a possibility that the find is Tuber mesentericum cannot be completely excluded according to Ref.2. Although a hypogeous fungus, I found it only half-buried in forest ground humus and Fagus sylvatica leaves. I noticed it without any digging. This sometimes happens when animals dig them for food and then leave them there uneaten. Tuber aestivum is mycorrhizal with roots of several trees, almost certainly with Fagus sylvatica in this find. But when fruitbody becomes larger than about 1 cm in diameter they can thrive further also on ground as a saprophytic fungus (Ref.:1).Orange blobs on the surface of the Tuber are a parasitic anamorph fungus. The fusiform conidia obviously belong to genus Fusarium (Ref.:3).Growing solitary; fruitbody quite old (over-mature), 38 mm across; surface covered with black, large, 4-6 sized pyramidal warts; no cavity at the bottom seen; the pattern of white veins seen in cross-section does not correspond well to usual pattern for this species (too few and too coarse), but this can be explained by over-maturity of the fruitbody (numerous fine veins disappear with age according to Ref.: 1); smell indistinctive, not strong, which often happens with over-ripen fruitbodies (Ref.:2); taste not tested; spore mass dark brown, almost black.Spores very coarsely reticulated; about 3 meshes across front view, ridges up to 6 microns high. Ascospores' dimensions: 20 [25.2 ; 26.9] 32.1 x 14.7 [19.9 ; 21.7] 26.9 microns; Q = 1.1 [1.2 ; 1.3] 1.4; N = 51; C = 95%; Me = 26 x 20.8 microns; Qe = 1.3; gleba consisting almost entirely from spores. Asci (remnants of them) seen only at few places (see picture 3M). Olympus CH20, NEA 40x/0.65, magnification 400x; fresh material; in water. AmScope MA500 digital camera.Herbarium: Mycotheca and lichen herbarium (LJU-Li) of Slovenian Forestry Institute, Vena pot 2, Ljubljana, Index Herbariorum LJFRef.:(1) Personal communication with Mr. Andrej Piltaver, Institute for Systematic of Higher Fungi, Ljubljana, SI. (2) Personal communication with Antonio Rodrguez, http://www.trufamania.com.(3) Personal communication with Dr. Walter Gams, http://www.ascofrance.com.(4) http://www.trufamania.com/Tuber%20aestivum%20English.htm (5) S. Buczacki, Collins Fungi Guide, Collins (2012), p 609. (6) G. Medardi, Atlante fotografico degli Ascomiceti d'Italia, A.M.B. Centro Studi Micologici (2012) (in Italian with English keys), p 393. (7) J. Breitenbach, F. Kraenzlin, Eds., Fungi of Switzerland, Vol.1. Verlag Mykologia (1984), p 126.