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Slo.: kafrna koprenka - Habitat: Southeast inclined mountain slope, mixed forest, mainly Picea abies and Fagus szlvatica, calcareous bedrock, in shade, under a Picea abies, partly protected from direct rain by tree canopies, average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 5-7 deg C, elevations 1.000 m (3.300 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. - Substratum: soil. - Comments: Growing solitary; pileus diameter ~6 cm (~2.5 inch), smell strong, unpleasant, characteristic. SP brown-yellow. Spore dimensions: 10.0 (SD = 0.6 ) x 5.2 (SD.= 0.2) micr., Q.= 1,96 (SD = 0.12), n = 30. - Ref.: (1) Personal communication. Determined by Mr. Bojan Rot, www. gobenabovskem.si (2) M.Bon, Parey's Buch der Pilze, Kosmos (2005), p 216. (3) R.M. Daehncke, 1200 Pilze in Farbfotos, AT Verlag (2009), p 772. (4) A.Bessette, Mushrooms of Northeastern North America (1997), p106.
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Slo.: prelestna koprenka - Habitat: Mixed wood, mostly Picea abies and Fagus sylvatica, southeast inclined mountain slope, calcareous bedrock, mostly in shade, partly protected from direct rain by tree canopies, average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 6-8 deg C, elevations 990 m (3.250 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. - Substratum: soil. - Comments: Growing in a small group, pileus diameter ~ 6(8) (2,3(3) inch), smell unpleasant 'industrial', specific, SP rusty red. Spore dimensions: 8,2 (SD = 0,4) x 6,1 (SD = 0,3) micr., Q = 1,34 (SD = 0,08), n = 30. Motic B2-211A, magnification 1.000 x, oil, in water. - Ref.: (1) Personal communication with Mr. Bojan Rot, www.gobenabovskem.si . (2) M.Bon, Parey's Buch der Pilze, Kosmos (2005), p 222. (3) A.Poler, Veselo po gobe (in Slovene), Mohorjeva druba Celovec (2002), p 305. (4) http://www.aranzadi-zientziak.org/fileadmin/docs/Munibe/2009005013CN.pdf . (5) http://www.pnwfungi.org/pdf_files/manuscripts_volume_1/pnwf20066.pdf
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Habitat: Mixed mountain forest, predominantly Fagus sylvatica and Picea abies, old stands, under Fagus sylvatica; modestly inclined south slope, calcareous bedrock, acid soil (Vaccinium myrtillus), relatively warm place , partly shady, partly protected from direct rain by tree canopies, average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 2-4 deg C, elevation 1.335 m (4.400 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. - Substratum: soil. - Comments: Growing on two places some 70 m apart. On the first one in a small group of about 10 fruit bodies among Luzula, sp.(probably sylvatica), Oxalis acetosella and Vaccinium myrtillis; on the second one only two fruitbodies present, in a thicket of young Fagus sylvatica and Picea abies, in total shade, a place without ground vegetation (too dark). Pileus diameter 4 to 5 cm, stem up to 7 cm long. SP rosty red-brown, oac 687, abundant. Taste and smell indistinctive. - Spores very finely warty, warts barely visible under my scope. Dimensions: 8.3 (SD = 0.6) x 5.4 (SD = 0.3) micr., Q = 1.54 (SD = 0.1), n = 30. Olympus CH20, NEA 100x/1.25 oil, magnification 1.000 x, in water. - Ref.: (1) Personal communication with Mr. Anton Poler. (2) S.Buczacki, Collins Fungi Guide, Collins (2012), p 350. (3) J.Breitenbach, F.Kraenzlin, Eds., Fungi of Switzerland, Vol.5. Verlag Mykologia (1984), p 248. (4) M.Bon, Parey's Buch der Pilze, Kosmos (2005), p 224. (5) R.M. Daehncke, 1200 Pilze in Farbfotos, AT Verlag (2009), p 708. (6) R.Phillips, Mushrooms, Macmillan (2006), p 198.
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Slo.: poprhnjena koprenka - syn.: Phlegmacium allutum (Fr.) M.M. Moser, Cortinarius melliolens Schffer ex Orton, Cortinarius multiformis ss. CFP, Ricken - Habitat: Mixed wood, Fagus sylvatica dominant, Picea abies scattered; slightly inclined mountain slope, southeast aspect; calcareous, colluvial, shallow ground; relatively warm and dry place; partly protected from direct rain by tree canopies; average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 6-9 deg C, elevation 670 m (2.200 feet), alpine phytogeographical region.Substratum: forest soil, leaf litter.Comments: Genus Cortinarius is huge - more than 1.000 species, subspecies, var. and f. have been described. No wonder, there is confusion in their names. Index Fungorum recognizes Cortinarius allutus as a current name, while other authorities consider it as a synonym of Cortinarius multiformis (this too is a current name according to IF). Recent (2014) DNA phylogenetic studies (Ref.8) revealed that much more complex situation exists in the group of species similar to this find. Ref.8 considers now the name Cortinarius allutus as a misapplied name. Anyway, I will keep with Index Fungorum and use the name Cortinarius allutus. Macroscopic traits and spores fit well to the most of the descriptions found in literature. There grew 6 or 7 pilei in an area of about 3 x 3 m. Habitat was montane Fagus sylvatica forest with a few Picea abies intermixed. In a distance of 0.3 - 3 m from the pilei two young, about 1-1.5 m tall and in a distance of about 5 m a grown up Picea abies three were present. Cortinarius allutus is supposed to be in mycorrhizal relation to conifers. Fruitbody description: pilei diameter 6 - 9 cm, trama thin near the edge of pilei, in the midrange about 8 mm thick, gills up to 10 mm broad, hut dry (after a several days long dry period); however, leaves and other debris were firmly 'glued' to the hut surface (ixocutis); stipe 4.2 - 6.5 cm long and 8 - 20 mm in diameter; when old stipe partly hollow; quite abruptly bulbous (with a few fruitbodies almost marginate); bulb from 1.6 to 1.9 times the diameter of the stipe; smell mild, pleasant, mushroomy, on leather?; taste not tested; 5% KOH reactions: on trama yellow-brown, not violent; on hut brownish, deepens the color of the hut; trama in the bulb brownish; on gills dark brown, almost blackish; Lugol reactions: on trama instant gold-yellowish, on pilei slightly yellowish, almost none; pilei do not bruise when handled except gills - they darken slightly; SP abundant, almost the same color as the whole fruitbodies, buff-fox color, oac714.Spores minutely and uniformly warty. Dimensions: (7.8) 8 - 8.8 (9.1) x (4.5) 4.7 - 5 (5.2) microns; Q = (1.6) 1.7 - 1.8 (1.9); N = 35; Me = 8.5 x 4.8 microns; Qe = 1.8. Olympus CH20 , NEA 100x/1.25, magnification 1.000 x, emersion oil; in water, fresh material. AmScope MA500 digital camera.Herbarium: Mycotheca and lichen herbarium (LJU-Li) of Slovenian Forestry Institute, Vena pot 2, Ljubljana, Index Herbariorum LJFRef.: (1) R.M.Daehncke, 1200 Pilze in Farbfotos, AT Verlag (2009), p 726.(2) http://www.fichasmicologicas.com/?micos=1&alf=C&art=556 (accessed Oct.8. 2017) http://www2.muse.it/bresadola/gallery.asp?code=87 (accessed Oct.8. 2017)(3) R. Phillips, Mushrooms, Macmillan (2006), p 182. (4)https://www.nahuby.sk/obrazok_detail.php?obrazok_id=512681&poradie=2&form_hash=99bea167eab57a851c6b7b0340a67b4d (accessed Oct.8. 2017) (5) https://www.123pilze.de/DreamHC/Download/OrangeseidigerKlumpfuss.htm (accessed Oct.8. 2017) (6) http://www.pilzflora-ehingen.de/pilzflora/arthtml/callutus.html (accessed Oct.8. 2017) (7) J. Breitenbach, F. Kraenzlin, Eds., Fungi of Switzerland, Vol.5. Verlag Mykologia (2000), p 164. (8) T. E. Brandrud et all. Cortinarius subgenus Phlegmacium section Multiformes in Europe, (2014) Journal des J.E.C., No. 16, p.162199. available at http://karl.soop.org/JEC16B_multif.pdf
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Slo.: janeeva koprenka - Habitat: Alpine valley, mountain mixed forest, dominant Picea abies and Fagus sylvatica, found under Picea abies; flat, semiruderal terrain, a turn-around place at the end of a dirt rudimentary forest road; shallow soil layer, calcareous ground, in shade, partly protected from direct rain by tree canopies, average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 5-7 deg C, elevation 990 m (3.250 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. - Substratum: a mixture of sandy forest soil, wood debris, stones, mosses and other organic litter, particularly needles of Picea abies and rotten leaves. - Comments: This Cortinarius can be recognized by it distinct smell on anise and yellowish appearance. Growing in a group of four pilei; pileus and stipe very viscid (under light drizzle conditions during this observation); pileus diameter up to 4.5 cm, stipe up to 3.5 cm high; taste indistinctive, smell strong, pleasant, on anise; flesh firm; SP chestnut brown, abundant, oac740. - Spores warty. Dimensions: 10.8 (SD= 0.6) x 6.8 (SD= 0.3) μ, Q= 1.60 (SD= 0.06), n= 30. Olympus CH20, NEA 100x/1.25, magnification 1.000 x, oil, in water. AmScope MA500 digital camera. - Herbarium: Mycotheca and lichen herbarium (LJU-Li) of Slovenian Forestry Institute, Večna pot 2, Ljubljana, Index Herbariorum LJF - Ref.: (1) Personal communication with Mr. Bojan Rot, www.gobenabovskem.com (2) G.J. Krieglsteiner (Hrsg.), Die Grosspilze Bade-Wrttembergs, Band 5, Ulmer (2003), p 147. (3) R.M. Daehncke, 1200 Pilze in Farbfotos, AT Verlag (2009), p 761.
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Slo.: ?? - Cortinarius subferrugineus (Batsch) Fr., Epicr. syst. mycol. (Upsaliae): 303 (1838) - Habitat: near a dirt road in mixed forest; dominant Fagus Sylvatica, Ostrya carpinifolia and Picea abiess; moderately inclined mountain slope, shallow soil over calcareous ground; dry, warm and partly sunny place, partly protected from direct rain by tree canopies, average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 7-9 deg C, elevation 700 m (2.300 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. - Substratum: soil. - Place: Bovec basin, above the road from Bovec to Kanin cable car station B, south of Mt. Vratni vrh, 1.996 m (6.546 feet), East Julian Alps, Posočje, Slovenia EC - Comments: Determination not certain, no microscopy done. Growing in small group of a few fruitbodies. Pileus diameter up to 8 cm. Collected in dry weather. Photos taken at the Bovec Mushroom Fair 2012 on Oct. 19. 2012. - Ref.: (1) Personal communication with Mr.Bojan Rot. Leg.:A.T., Det.: Bojan Rot. (2) http://www.pilzbestimmer.de/Detailed/11800.html (3) G.J.Krieglsteiner (Hrsg.), Die Grosspilze Bade-Wrttembergs, Band 5, Ulmer (2003), p 295. (4) R.Phillips, Mushrooms, Macmillan (2006), p 198. (5) J.Breitenbach, F.Kraenzlin, Eds., Fungi of Switzerland, Vol.5. Verlag Mykologia (1984), p 288.
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Slo.: sijajna koprenka, smrdei razliek (?) - syn.: Cortinarius splendens ssp. meinhardii (Bon) Brand. Melot, Cortinarius splendens Hry., Cortinarius vitellinus Moser - Habitat: steep northwest oriented mountain slope, mixed wood, Fagus sylvatica and Picea abies dominant trees, in shade, quite humid place, calcareous ground, partly protected from direct rain by tree canopies, average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 8-10 deg C, elevation 1.020 m (3.350 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. - Substratum: soil, among fallen leaves and needles. - Comments: Contrary to several authors Kriegelsteiner (Ref.: 2) distinguishes Cortinarius splendens from Cortinarius meinhardii and grounds this position on molecular studies made by Garnica. He describes almost no morphological difference between both. Dimensions, shapes, colors, type of ground and spores of both species are almost the same, smell and habitat being exceptions. C. meinhardii should be mycorrhizal partner with conifers (mostly Picea abies), should climb up to upper montane elevations and should have distinct smell on blackpepper. On the other hand, C. splendens should grow at lower elevations, mostly in planes, should be associated with broadleaved trees (mostly Fagus sylvatica) and should have no distinctive smell. The mushrooms photographed grow in mixed mountain wood, Picea abies and Fagus sylvatica being dominant; they were found in montane elevations and have mild, pleasant smell, definitely not on black pepper. So, there was little ground to decide for one or another options. Fortunately (at least for me), it was not necessary. Index Fungorum keeps both names as synonyms taking C. meinhardii as currently valid name. - Cortinarius meinhardii is a very beautiful mushroom, but also one of deadly poisonous. Especially unfortunate fact is that medical problems pop out only after three to 14 days after ingesting when all poison is already absorbed in the body and nothing more can be done to revert or prevent this. Ref. 4. even discourage testing its taste for determination purposes! Nevertheless, I tested it without knowing what I was testing. No unpleasant consequences have been observed. I would not test it again and I don't encourage others to do so. But, under the procedure, which I always use, that is: I always test less than 1 g of an unknown mushroom (I verified this once using a micro weighing scale), test it for about 20-30 sec, spat out everything and rinse my mouth with tap water, there were no (observable?) consequences. Cortinarius meinhardii is limited to Europe and considered quite rare. - Growing in a small group of three sporocarps. Pilei diameter 4.5-6.5 cm, cuticle sticky, stipe 4-7 cm tall, 1.3 cm in diameter, bulb up to 3 cm in diameter; smell mild, specific but I don't know on what; taste mild but unique, somewhat sweet; SP abundant, brown-orange, oac713; 5% KOH reaction on cuticle distinctive red-brown, on trama ocher-yellow,weaker than on cuticle. - Spores smooth, warty. Dimensions: 10,2 [11,2 ; 11,6] 12,5 x 6 [6,5 ; 6,7] 7,2 micr., Q = 1,6 [1,7 ; 1,8] 1,9; N = 35; C = 95%; Me = 11,4 x 6,6 micr.; Qe = 1,7. Olympus CH20, NEA 100x/1.25, magnification 1.000 x, oil. AmScope MA500 digital camera. - Herbarium: Mycotheca and lichen herbarium (LJU-Li) of Slovenian Forestry Institute, Vena pot 2, Ljubljana, Index Herbariorum LJF - Ref.: (1) Personal communication with Mr. Bojan Rot, www.gobenabovskem.com (2) G.J. Krieglsteiner (Hrsg.), Die Grosspilze Baden-Wrttembergs, Band 5., Ulmer (2003), p 138. 9-12/ 5.5-6.5(7) mandel, warty (3) R. Phillips, Mushrooms, Macmillan (2006), p 175. 10-13/5-6.5, roughened CS (4) S. Buczacki, Collins Fungi Guide, Collins (2012), p 334. 10-11/5-6 warty CS (5) M. Bon, Parey's Buch der Pilze, Kosmos (2005), p 212. 10-12/6 CS (6) R.M. Daehncke, 1200 Pilze in Farbfotos, AT Verlag (2009), p 764. 10-11/5-6 CM in 9-12/5.5-7 CS
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Slo.: Vrčajeva koprenka - Habitat: Pasture, a few meters off wood side, consisting of mainly broadleaved trees: dominant Fagus sylvatica, Ostria carpinifolia but also in the reach of roots of young Picea abies and of a small bush of Juniperus communis; south oriented warm mountain slope, calcareous ground, fairly sunny and dry place, exposed to direct rain, average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 7-9 deg C, elevation 600 m (2.000 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. - Substratum: soil. - Comments: A few fruitbodies scattered around; pileus diameter 5.5-7 cm, fruitbodies up to 7 cm tall; pileus slightly sticky; taste: indistinctive, slightly mushroomy, unpleasant; smell: mildly on earth, pleasant; SP abundant, deep rusty-orange-brown, oac727; flesh whitish with pale violet, reddish-violet tint at the bottom of the stem, after 24 hours in refrigerator flesh became gray, however vivid colors of the pileus remained persistent also after a few days. - Spores smooth, coarsely warty. Dimensions: 12.3 (SD = 0.7) x 6.6 (SD = 0.3) micr., Q = 1.88 (SD = 0.13), n = 30. Olympus CH20, NEA 100x/1.25, magnification 1.000 x, oil, in water; AmScope MA500. - Ref.: (1) Id'ed by Mr. Bojan Rot, www.gobenabovskem.com (2) J.Breitenbach, F.Kraenzlin, Eds., Fungi of Switzerland, Vol.5. Verlag Mykologia (1984), p 198. (3) S.Buczacki, Collins Fungi Guide, Collins (2012), p 332. (4) G.J.Krieglsteiner (Hrsg.), Die Grosspilze Bade-Wrttembergs, Band 5, Ulmer (2003), p 163. (5) http://www.rogersmushrooms.com/gallery/DisplayBlock~bid~5447~gid~~source~gallerydefault.asp
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Slo.: vijolicasta koprenka - Habitat: Young open mixed wood, Picea abies and Fagus silvaticus, mossy, humid ground, quite moist and shaded, no sun during winter months, nearly flat calcareous terrain, average precipitations ~3.000 mm/year, average temperature 6-8 deg C, elevation 830 m (2.700 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. - Substratum: mossy ground - Comment: Spore print saturated orange-rusty brown, abundant. Smell slight, of cedar wood. - Ref.: M.Bon, Pareys Buch der Pilze, Kosmos (2005), p 222. R.M.Daehncke, 1200 Pilze in Farbfotos, AT Verlag (2009), p 711. R.Lueder, Grundkurs Pilzbestimmung, Quelle & Mayer (2008), p 269. http://www.rogersmushrooms.com/gallery/DisplayBlock~bid~5470~source~gallerychooserresult.asp
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Slo.: arasta koprenka - Habitat: mixed wood edge of a small alpine pasture, Fagus sylvatica and Picea abies dominant, found under Picea abies, moderately south inclined terrain, calcareous ground,shallow soil layer, half shade, partly protected from direct rain by tree canopies, average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 6-8 deg C, elevation 775 m (2.550 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. - Substratum: soil. - Comments: Growing solitary; pileus diameter up to 11 cm, stipe 7 cm long and 1.5 cm diameter, its base 3.5 cm in diameter; taste and smell mushroomy, pleasant; SP abundant, red brown, oac720. Determination to some extent questionable, spores are of the right shape and surface, but they are a little bit too wide. - Spores finely warty, warts hardly visible with my scope. Dimensions:11.4 (SD = 0.4) x 6.9 (SD = 0.3) , Q = 1.65 (SD = 0.08), n = 30. Olympus CH20, NEA 100x/1.25, magnification 1.000 x, oil, in water. AmScope MA500 digital camera. - Herbarium: Mycotheca and lichen herbarium (LJU-Li) of Slovenian Forestry Institute, Vena pot 2, Ljubljana, Index Herbariorum LJF. - Ref.: (1) Personal communication, IDed by Mr. Bohan Rot. www.gobenabovskem.si (2) R.M. Daehncke, 1200 Pilze in Farbfotos, AT Verlag (2009), p 750. (3) M. Bon, Parey's Buch der Pilze, Kosmos (2005), p 206. (4) R. Phillips, Mushrooms, Macmillan (2006), p 184.
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Slo.: navadna koprenka - Habitat: Steep mountain forest, mainly broad-leafed trees with some Picea abies, Fagus sylvatica dominant, south oriented slope; mostly in shade, relatively warm place; cretaceous clastic rock (flysh) bedrock, partly protected from direct rain by tree canopies; average precipitations ~2.600 mm/year, average temperature 6-8 deg C, elevation 760 m (2.500 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. - Substratum: soil with a lot of organic debris, leafs, wood, etc. - Comments: Growing in a group of several sporocarps, pileus diameter up to 7 cm, stipe height up to 11 cm, diameter about 1.3 cm; context relatively thin, gills broader; taste indistinctive, smell mushroomy, mild, slightly unpleasant; SP ocher-brown, oac709. - Spores verrucose, amygdaliform. Dimensions: 12.1 (SD = 1.0) x 6.5 (SD = 0.4) , Q = 1.86 (SD = 0.08), n = 30. Olympus CH20, NEA 100x/1.25, magnification 1.000 x, oil, in water. AmScope MA500 digital camera. - Herbarium: Mycotheca and lichen herbarium (LJU-Li) of Slovenian Forestry Institute, Vena pot 2, Ljubljana, Index Herbariorum LJF - Ref.: (1) Personal communication with Mr. Gregor Podgornik. (2) J. Breitenbach, F. Kraenzlin, Eds., Fungi of Switzerland, Vol.5. Verlag Mykologia (1984), p 232. (3) S. Buczacki, Collins Fungi Guide, Collins (2012), p 338. (4) R. Phillips, Mushrooms, Macmillan (2006), p 169. (5) G..J. Krieglsteiner (Hrsg.), Die Grosspilze Baden-Wrttembergs, Band 5, Ulmer (2003), p 69. (6) M. Bon, Parey's Buch der Pilze, Kosmos (2005), p 202.
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Slo.: vijoliasta koprenka, jelova podvrsta - Habitat: overgrown alluvial deposits, a small patch of an open and pure Picea abies forest growing on a long time abandoned alpine pasture, lightly overgrown calcareous ground, flat terrain, mostly in shade, partly protected from direct rain by tree canopies, average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 4-6 deg C, elevation 970 m (3.200 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. - Substratum: soil among large Picea abies trees. - Comments: This strikingly beautifully colored mushroom presumably occurs in two forms. Depending on the author they are treated on species, subspecies or variety level or both considered as a single species. The main distinguishing traits would be habitat (broadleaf versus conifers forest) and spore width (C. hercynicus has broader spores). Measured spore width in this observation is somewhere in between both options, slightly inclined toward C. hercynicus. In addition, the mushrooms were growing in a pure Picea abies stand in alpine phytogeographical region, which also speaks in favor of C. hercynicus. Two writings of subspecies name are in use - hercynicus and harcynicus, the second one being correct (Ref.:(1)). - Growing in large groups, certainly more than 50 pilei present in a relatively small area around about ten, fifteen large Picea abies trees. Pileus diameter up to 10 cm; taste and smell faint, indistinctive; SP abundant, orange-brown, oac728, 5% KOH reactions on flesh red. - Spores fine warty. Dimensions: 11.2 [12.5 ; 13.1] 14.4 x 7.7 [8.3 ; 8.6] 9.2 microns, Q = 1.3 [1.5 ; 1.6] 1.7 ; N = 27 ; C = 95%, Me = 12.8 x 8.4 microns; Qe = 1.5. Olympus CH20, NEA 100x /1.25, magnification 1.000 x, oil, in water. AmScope MA500 digital camera. - Herbarium: Mycotheca and lichen herbarium (LJU-Li) of Slovenian Forestry Institute, Vena pot 2, Ljubljana, Index Herbariorum LJF. - Ref.: (1) J. Breitenbach, F. Kraenzlin, Eds., Fungi of Switzerland, Vol.5. Verlag Mykologia (1984), p 142. (2) G. J. Krieglsteiner (Hrsg.), Die Grosspilze Baden-Wrttembergs, Band 5, Ulmer (2003), p 12. (3) M. Bon, Parey's Buch der Pilze, Kosmos (2005), p 222. (4) R. Phillips, Mushrooms, Macmillan (2006), p 186. (5) D. Arora, Mushrooms Demystified, Ten Speed Press, Berkeley (1986), p 446. (6) R.M. Daehncke, 1200 Pilze in Farbfotos, AT Verlag (2009), p 711.
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Slo.: kafrna koprenka - Habitat: Southeast inclined mountain slope, mixed forest, mainly Picea abies and Fagus sylvatica, calcareous bedrock, in shade, under a Picea abies, partly protected from direct rain by tree canopies, average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 5-7 deg C, elevations 1.000 m (3.300 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. - Substratum: soil. - Comments: Growing solitary; pileus diameter ~6 cm (~2.5 inch), smell strong, unpleasant, characteristic. SP brown-yellow. Spore dimensions: 10.0 (SD = 0.6) x 5.2 (SD.= 0.2) micr., Q.= 1,96 (SD = 0.12), n = 30. - Ref.: (1) Personal communication. Determined by Mr. Bojan Rot, www. gobenabovskem.si (2) M.Bon, Parey's Buch der Pilze, Kosmos (2005), p 216. (3) R.M. Daehncke, 1200 Pilze in Farbfotos, AT Verlag (2009), p 772. (4) A.Bessette, Mushrooms of Northeastern North America (1997), p106.
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Slo.: prelestna koprenka - Habitat: Mixed wood, mostly Picea abies and Fagus sylvatica, southeast inclined mountain slope, calcareous bedrock, mostly in shade, partly protected from direct rain by tree canopies, average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 6-8 deg C, elevations 990 m (3.250 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. - Substratum: soil. - Comments: Growing in a small group, pileus diameter ~ 6(8) (2,3(3) inch), smell unpleasant 'industrial', specific, SP rusty red. Spore dimensions: 8,2 (SD = 0,4) x 6,1 (SD = 0,3) micr., Q = 1,34 (SD = 0,08), n = 30. Motic B2-211A, magnification 1.000 x, oil, in water. - Ref.: (1) Personal communication with Mr. Bojan Rot, www.gobenabovskem.si . (2) M.Bon, Parey's Buch der Pilze, Kosmos (2005), p 222. (3) A.Poler, Veselo po gobe (in Slovene), Mohorjeva druba Celovec (2002), p 305. (4) http://www.aranzadi-zientziak.org/fileadmin/docs/Munibe/2009005013CN.pdf . (5) http://www.pnwfungi.org/pdf_files/manuscripts_volume_1/pnwf20066.pdf
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Habitat: Mixed mountain forest, predominantly Fagus sylvatica and Picea abies, old stands, under Fagus sylvatica; modestly inclined south slope, calcareous bedrock, acid soil (Vaccinium myrtillus), relatively warm place , partly shady, partly protected from direct rain by tree canopies, average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 2-4 deg C, elevation 1.335 m (4.400 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. - Substratum: soil. - Comments: Growing on two places some 70 m apart. On the first one in a small group of about 10 fruit bodies among Luzula, sp.(probably sylvatica), Oxalis acetosella and Vaccinium myrtillis; on the second one only two fruitbodies present, in a thicket of young Fagus sylvatica and Picea abies, in total shade, a place without ground vegetation (too dark). Pileus diameter 4 to 5 cm, stem up to 7 cm long. SP rosty red-brown, oac 687, abundant. Taste and smell indistinctive. - Spores very finely warty, warts barely visible under my scope. Dimensions: 8.3 (SD = 0.6) x 5.4 (SD = 0.3) micr., Q = 1.54 (SD = 0.1), n = 30. Olympus CH20, NEA 100x/1.25 oil, magnification 1.000 x, in water. - Ref.: (1) Personal communication with Mr. Anton Poler. (2) S.Buczacki, Collins Fungi Guide, Collins (2012), p 350. (3) J.Breitenbach, F.Kraenzlin, Eds., Fungi of Switzerland, Vol.5. Verlag Mykologia (1984), p 248. (4) M.Bon, Parey's Buch der Pilze, Kosmos (2005), p 224. (5) R.M. Daehncke, 1200 Pilze in Farbfotos, AT Verlag (2009), p 708. (6) R.Phillips, Mushrooms, Macmillan (2006), p 198.
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Slo.: poprhnjena koprenka - syn.: Phlegmacium allutum (Fr.) M.M. Moser, Cortinarius melliolens Schffer ex Orton, Cortinarius multiformis ss. CFP, Ricken - Habitat: Mixed wood, Fagus sylvatica dominant, Picea abies scattered; slightly inclined mountain slope, southeast aspect; calcareous, colluvial, shallow ground; relatively warm and dry place; partly protected from direct rain by tree canopies; average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 6-9 deg C, elevation 670 m (2.200 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. Substratum: forest soil, leaf litter. Comments: Genus Cortinarius is huge - more than 1.000 species, subspecies, var. and f. have been described. No wonder, there is confusion in their names. Index Fungorum recognizes Cortinarius allutus as a current name, while other authorities consider it as a synonym of Cortinarius multiformis (this too is a current name according to IF). Recent (2014) DNA phylogenetic studies (Ref.8) revealed that much more complex situation exists in the group of species similar to this find. Ref.8 considers now the name Cortinarius allutus as a misapplied name. Anyway, I will keep with Index Fungorum and use the name Cortinarius allutus. Macroscopic traits and spores fit well to the most of the descriptions found in literature. There grew 6 or 7 pilei in an area of about 3 x 3 m. Habitat was montane Fagus sylvatica forest with a few Picea abies intermixed. In a distance of 0.3 - 3 m from the pilei two young, about 1-1.5 m tall and in a distance of about 5 m a grown up Picea abies three were present. Cortinarius allutus is supposed to be in mycorrhizal relation to conifers. Fruitbody description: pilei diameter 6 - 9 cm, trama thin near the edge of pilei, in the midrange about 8 mm thick, gills up to 10 mm broad, hut dry (after a several days long dry period); however, leaves and other debris were firmly 'glued' to the hut surface (ixocutis); stipe 4.2 - 6.5 cm long and 8 - 20 mm in diameter; when old stipe partly hollow; quite abruptly bulbous (with a few fruitbodies almost marginate); bulb from 1.6 to 1.9 times the diameter of the stipe; smell mild, pleasant, mushroomy, on leather?; taste not tested; 5% KOH reactions: on trama yellow-brown, not violent; on hut brownish, deepens the color of the hut; trama in the bulb brownish; on gills dark brown, almost blackish; Lugol reactions: on trama instant gold-yellowish, on pilei slightly yellowish, almost none; pilei do not bruise when handled except gills - they darken slightly; SP abundant, almost the same color as the whole fruitbodies, buff-fox color, oac714. Spores minutely and uniformly warty. Dimensions: (7.8) 8 - 8.8 (9.1) x (4.5) 4.7 - 5 (5.2) microns; Q = (1.6) 1.7 - 1.8 (1.9); N = 35; Me = 8.5 x 4.8 microns; Qe = 1.8. Olympus CH20 , NEA 100x/1.25, magnification 1.000 x, emersion oil; in water, fresh material. AmScope MA500 digital camera. Herbarium: Mycotheca and lichen herbarium (LJU-Li) of Slovenian Forestry Institute, Vena pot 2, Ljubljana, Index Herbariorum LJF Ref.: (1) R.M.Daehncke, 1200 Pilze in Farbfotos, AT Verlag (2009), p 726. (2) http://www.fichasmicologicas.com/?micos=1&alf=C&art=556 (accessed Oct.8. 2017) http://www2.muse.it/bresadola/gallery.asp?code=87 (accessed Oct.8. 2017) (3) R. Phillips, Mushrooms, Macmillan (2006), p 182. (4) https://www.nahuby.sk/obrazok_detail.php?obrazok_id=512681&poradie=2&form_hash=99bea167eab57a851c6b7b0340a67b4d (accessed Oct.8. 2017) (5) https://www.123pilze.de/DreamHC/Download/OrangeseidigerKlumpfuss.htm (accessed Oct.8. 2017) (6) http://www.pilzflora-ehingen.de/pilzflora/arthtml/callutus.html (accessed Oct.8. 2017) (7) J. Breitenbach, F. Kraenzlin, Eds., Fungi of Switzerland, Vol.5. Verlag Mykologia (2000), p 164. (8) T. E. Brandrud et all. Cortinarius subgenus Phlegmacium section Multiformes in Europe, (2014) Journal des J.E.C., No. 16, p.162199. available at http://karl.soop.org/JEC16B_multif.pdf
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Slo.: janeeva koprenka - Habitat: Alpine valley, mountain mixed forest, dominant Picea abies and Fagus sylvatica, found under Picea abies; flat, semiruderal terrain, a turn-around place at the end of a dirt rudimentary forest road; shallow soil layer, calcareous ground, in shade, partly protected from direct rain by tree canopies, average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 5-7 deg C, elevation 990 m (3.250 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. - Substratum: a mixture of sandy forest soil, wood debris, stones, mosses and other organic litter, particularly needles of Picea abies and rotten leaves. - Comments: This Cortinarius can be recognized by it distinct smell on anise and yellowish appearance. Growing in a group of four pilei; pileus and stipe very viscid (under light drizzle conditions during this observation); pileus diameter up to 4.5 cm, stipe up to 3.5 cm high; taste indistinctive, smell strong, pleasant, on anise; flesh firm; SP chestnut brown, abundant, oac740. - Spores warty. Dimensions: 10.8 (SD= 0.6) x 6.8 (SD= 0.3) μ, Q= 1.60 (SD= 0.06), n= 30. Olympus CH20, NEA 100x/1.25, magnification 1.000 x, oil, in water. AmScope MA500 digital camera. - Herbarium: Mycotheca and lichen herbarium (LJU-Li) of Slovenian Forestry Institute, Večna pot 2, Ljubljana, Index Herbariorum LJF - Ref.: (1) Personal communication with Mr. Bojan Rot, www.gobenabovskem.com (2) G.J. Krieglsteiner (Hrsg.), Die Grosspilze Bade-Wrttembergs, Band 5, Ulmer (2003), p 147. (3) R.M. Daehncke, 1200 Pilze in Farbfotos, AT Verlag (2009), p 761.