-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Slo.: lososova sirovka - Habitat: Dense mixed forest of young Picea abies, Abies alba, Larix decidua and Fagus Sylvatica, flat terrain, calcareous bedrock, probably acid soil, in shade (little ground vegetation), humid place, partly protected from direct rain by tree canopies, average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 2-4 deg C, elevation 1.410 m (4.625 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. - Substratum: soil. - Comments: Growing solitary and in groups, many species, pileus diameter up to 14 cm, stem up to 7 cm tall; taste pleasant at the beginning, then slowly turning slightly burning, smell pleasant mushroomy, flesh quite brittle, milk orange-red at the beginning then turns beep blood red, SP creamy oac(857). - Spores warty with ornamentation. Dimensions: 9.2 (SD = 0.4) x 7.5 (SD = 0.4) micr., Q = 1.22 (SD = 0.07), n = 28 . Olympus CH20 (Motic B2-211A), NEA 100x/1.25, magnification 1.000 x, oil, in water. - Ref.: (1) R.M. Daehncke, 1200 Pilze in Farbfotos, AT Verlag (2009), p 950. (2) R.Phillips, Mushrooms, Macmillan (2006), p 65. (3) M.Bon, Parey's Buch der Pilze, Kosmos (2005), p 80. (4) S.Buczacki, Collins Fungi Guide, Collins (2012), p 282.
-
Slo.: mecesnova mlečnica - Habitat: mountain pasture with scattered groups of Larix decidua and Picea abies trees, full sun, modestly inclined mountain slope, exposed to direct rain, average precipitations ~ 2.600 mm/year, average temperature 6-8 deg C, elevation 870 m (2.850 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. - Substratum: soil, under Larix decidua. - Comments: Growing scattered solitary and in groups; several pilei present.This mushroom grows mostly in the Alps and is strictly growing under Larix decidua trees. Is it edible or not seems questionable. In the literature one can find everything - from delicious, edible, conditionally edible to not edible. Pileus diameter up to 9 cm, stipe 4-5 cm and 1.2 - 1.4 cm diameter; smell distinctive, fresh, pleasant, like fruit jam; taste mild, pleasant, like nuts; flesh brittle; SP very faint, whitish(?); milk white, not abundant, not changing color for a long time. - Spores warty. Dimensions: 9.2 (SD = 0.8) x 7.5 (SD = 0.5) μ, Q = 1.22 (SD = 0.07), n = 19. Olympus CH20, NEA 100x/1.25, magnification 1.000 x, oil, in water. AmScope MA500 digital camera. - Herbarium: Mycotheca and lichen herbarium (LJU-Li) of Slovenian Forestry Institute, Večna pot 2, Ljubljana, Index Herbariorum LJF - Ref.: (1) Personal communication with Mr. Gregor Podgornik. (2) M. Bon, Parey's Buch der Pilze, Kosmos (2005), p 82. (3) A. Poler, Veselo po gobe (in Slovene), Mohorjeva druba Celovec (2002), p 246 (4) R.Lueder, Grundkurs Pilzbestimmung, Quelle & Meyer (2008), p 194.
-
Lactarius xanthogalactus, commonly known as the yellow-staining milkcap is a poisonous species of fungus in the family Russulaceae and found in Sonoma County.
-
-
Slo.: bukova mlenica - syn.: Lactarius viridis (Schrader) Quel. - Habitat: Mixed wood, Fagus sylvatica dominant, Picea abies scattered; slightly inclined mountain slope, southeast aspect; calcareous, colluvial, shallow ground; relatively warm and dry place; partly protected from direct rain by tree canopies; average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 6 - 9 deg C, elevation 665 m (2.180 feet), alpine phytogeographical region.Substratum: forest soil, Fagus sylvatica leaf litter.Comments: Lactarius blennius is not showy mushroom. It is of pale, grayish, greenish, brownish colors, which are in addition quite variable. The species is common and keeps with Fagus sylvatica (in mycorrhizal relation) in almost the whole region there this tree thrives.Experts are able to resolve two varieties of this species: Lactarius blennius var. blennius and Lactarius blennius var. fluens. I was unable to assign this find to one of them. Following the key of Section 6 of Lactarius (Ref.: 2, p383) this should be Lactarius blennius var. blennius based on piled dimension (3 - 7 cm for var. blennius contrary to 5 - 12 cm for var. fluens) or Lactarius blennius var. fluens based on strong production of milk (even in quite dry state!). Also variable hut color speaks for this variety. On the other hand, the absence of lighter, almost whitish hut edge speaks in favor of the first option. The only reliable microscopic trait (Ref.:8) - thickness of ixocutis - could not be used because of quite dry fruitbodies. Also, if one reads the description of both varieties in Ref. 9 the text is almost identical and the associated drawings definitely are such.Description of the find: six or seven pilei present in an area of about 4 x 3 m; pilei diameter 4.5 - 7 cm, surface almost dry, only slightly sticky (found after a long period of dry weather) but leaf debris firmly stuck to the hut surface speaking in favor of presence of a distinctive ixocutis; trama and gills of about the same thickness; milk instant, abundant, white, after a longer time, when almost dry, it becomes greenish-gray; gills bruise slowly and mildly darken to brownish, otherwise the fruitbodies do not discolor when handled; stipe 3.5 - 4.6 cm long, 9 to 12 mm in diameter; only minutely sticky; smell mild, pleasant, on fruits(?); taste first mild then distinctly burning but not very strongly; milk has the same taste; SP abundant, light beige with slight yellow tint, oac851. Spores with coarse ridges. Dimensions: (6,5) 7,1 - 8,2 (8,5) x (5,9) 6 - 6,8 (7,1) microns; Q = (1) 1,1 - 1,2 (1,4); N = 35; Me = 7,6 x 6,5 microns; Qe = 1,2; Olympus CH20, NEA 100x/1.25, magnification 1.000 x, oil (spores); in water, spore ornamentation in Melzer, fresh material. AmScope MA500 digital camera.Herbarium: Mycotheca and lichen herbarium (LJU-Li) of Slovenian Forestry Institute, Vena pot 2, Ljubljana, Index Herbariorum LJFRef.: (1) J. Breitenbach, F. Kraenzlin, Eds., Fungi of Switzerland, Vol.6. Verlag Mykologia (2005), p 50. (2) G.J. Krieglsteiner (Hrsg.), Die Grosspilze Baden-Wrttembergs, Band 2., Ulmer (2000), p 387.(3) M. Bon, Parey's Buch der Pilze, Kosmos (2005), p 86. (4) L. Hagar, Ottova Encyklopedia Hb, Ottova Nakladatelstvi, Praha (2015) (in Slovakian), p 424.(5) R. Lueder, Grundkurs Pilzbestimmung, Quelle & Meyer (2008), p 196. (6) R.M. Daehncke, 1200 Pilze in Farbfotos, AT Verlag (2009), p 958. (7) R. Phillips, Mushrooms, Macmillan (2006), p 56. (8) J. Heilmann-Clausen, A. Verbeken, J. Vesterholt, The genus Lactarius, Fungi of Northern Europe Vol.2. (1998), p 287 S.(9) S. Buczacki, Collins Fungi Guide, Collins (2012), p 288.
-
-
Slo.: kafrna mlenica - syn.: Lactarius cimicarius Bartsch - Habitat: mixed wood, Picea abies and Fagus sylvatica dominant trees, moderately inclined calcareous ground, eventually locally somewhat acid; NW oriented mountain slope, humid and shady place, partly protected from direct rain by tree canopies; average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 5-7 deg C, elevation 950 m (3.100 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. - Substratum: moss covered forest soil among (decayed) roots of a Picea abies stump in its latest stage of disintegration (decomposed almost to soil). - Comments: Dull, matt, like velvety, ocher-red-brown color of pilei and fairly 'unicolor' appearing fruit bodies are typical for this quite common milkcap. However, several very similar species like Lactarius quietus, Lactarius rufus, Lactarius badiosanguineus and Lactarius serifluus exist growing almost in the same habitat. Yet, determination of Lactarius camphoratus seems still quite easy. Decisive is its smell on 'kitchen spices'. It is already noticeable whit fresh fruit bodies but becomes obtrusively strong when they are dried. In the literature the smell is described like on curry, on 'Maggi', on chicory, on camphor, etc.. Anyway, the smell is strong, specific and hard to forget. - Growing in several groups of up to four pilei together, more than 15 pilei all together present; pilei diameter 4 - 5 cm; stipe 3 - 4 cm tall and about 8 - 9 mm in diameter; taste mild but distinctive, mushroomy, slightly unpleasant; smell first mild, later stronger and particularly strong when dry, on spices; flesh quite brittle; SP abundant, beige, oac857; pilei not bruising; milk quite abundant, whitish, actually consisting of watery fluid with white milky, like coagulated, inclusions; milk not changing color and remaining white even when dry and of mild taste, not burning or being distinctly bitter. - Spores coarsely warty with some ridges. Dimensions: 6.9 [7.6 ; 7.9] 8.6 x 6 [6.7 ; 7] 7.7 microns; Q = 1.1 [1.12 ; 1.15] 1.2; N = 32; C = 95%; Me = 7.7 x 6.8 microns; Qe = 1.1. Olympus CH20, NEA 100x/1.25, magnification 1.000 x, oil; in water; live material. AmScope MA500 digital camera. - Herbarium: Mycotheca and lichen herbarium (LJU-Li) of Slovenian Forestry Institute, Vena pot 2, Ljubljana, Index Herbariorum LJF - Ref.: (1) G.J. Krieglsteiner (Hrsg.), Die Grosspilze Baden-Wrttembergs, Band 2., Ulmer (2000), p 407. (2) R. M. Daehncke, 1200 Pilze in Farbfotos, AT Verlag (2009), p 984. (3) J. Breitenbach, F. Kraenzlin, Eds., Fungi of Switzerland, Vol.6. Verlag Mykologia (2005), p 52. (4) M. Bon, Parey's Buch der Pilze, Kosmos (2005), p 98. (5) R. Lueder, Grundkurs Pilzbestimmung, Quelle & Meyer (2008), p 191.
-
Slo.: polstena mlenica - Habitat: Southeast inclined mountain slope, mixed forest, predominantly Fagus sylvatica and Picea abies, calcareous bedrock, in half-shade, relatively warm place, partly protected from direct rain by tree canopies, average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 6-8 deg C, elevation 1.000 m (3.300 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. - Substratum: forest soil. - Comments: Growing solitary, pileus diameter 20 cm (8 inch), milk abundant, white, doesn't change color; milk taste burning, smell indistinctive; SP white slightly yellow-crème, faint; Spores warty with ridges. Spore dimensions: 10.0 (SD = 1.0) x 8.1 (SD = 0.9) micr., Q = 1.24 (SD = 0.17), n = 30. Motic B2-211A, magnification 1.000 x, oil, in water. - Ref.: (1) M.Bon, Parey's Buch der Pilze, Kosmos (2005), p 94. (2) A.Poler, Veselo po gobe (in Slovene), Mohorjeva druba Celovec (2002), p 169. (3) R.Lueder, Grundkurs Pilzbestimmung, Quelle & Meyer (2008), p 190. (4) R.M. Daehncke, 1200 Pilze in Farbfotos, AT Verlag (2009), p 936. (5) http://www.rogersmushrooms.com/gallery/DisplayBlock~bid~6365~source~gallerychooserresultasp . (6) http://www.webalice.it/mondellix/Funghi%20L.htm .
-
Slo.: medla mlenica - Habitat: Steep mixed wood, predominantly Fagus sylvatica, north oriented, relatively cool place, in shade, protected from direct rain by tree canopies, locally flat calcareous ground covered with a thick layer of dead Fagus sylvatica leaves, average precipitations ~3.000 mm/year, average temperature 6-8 deg C, elevation 800 m (2.600 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. - Substratum: forest soil covered with a thick layer of dead leaves. - Comments: Spore print creamy/light ocher with a slight pink tint. Smell indistinctive mushroomy. Spore dimensions: 7,9 (SD=0,8) x 6,3 (SD=0,5) micr., Q=1,3 (SD=0,09), n=30. - Ref.: (1) G. Pace, Vse o gobah (in Slovene), Mladinska Knjiga (1997), p193. (2) M.Bon, Pareys Buch der Pilze, Kosmos (2005), p 84. (3) R.M.Daehncke, 1200 Pilze in Farbfotos, AT Verlag (2009), p 961 (4) http://www.mycokey.com/MycoKeySolidState/species/Lactarius_pallidus.html , (5) http://www.first-nature.com/fungi/id_guide/russulaceae/lactarius_pallidus.htm , (6) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lactarius_pallidus , (7) http://www.rogersmushrooms.com/gallery/DisplayBlock~bid~6291~gid~.asp , (8) http://www.ambmuggia.it/forum/index.php?showtopic=5543 .
-
Slo.: jamiasta mlenica - Habitat: Southeast inclined mountain slope, mixed forest, predominantly Fagus sylvatica and Picea abies, calcareous bedrock, in shade, relatively warm place. partly protected from direct rain by tree canopies, average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 6-8 deg C, elevations 980 m (3.200 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. - Substratum: forest soil. - Comments: Growing scattered, several fruitbodies present, pileus diameter up to 14 cm (5.5 inch), milk sparse, initially white rapidly changing to yellow with green tint, milk taste burning, smell almost non, SP white to light crème. Spores warty. Spore dimensions: 8.7 (SD = 0.5) x 7,1 (SD = 0.4) micr., Q = 1.24 (SD = 0.08), n = 30. Motic B2-211A, magnification 1.000 x, oil, in water. - Ref.: (1) R.Lueder, Grundkurs Pilzbestimmung, Quelle & Meyer (2008), p 190. (2) A.Poler, Veselo po gobe (in Slovene), Mohorjeva druba Celovec (2002), p 222. (3) M.Bon, Parey's Buch der Pilze, Kosmos (2005), p 82. (4) D.Arora, Mushrooms Demystified, Ten Speed Press, Berkeley (1986), p 73. (5) R.M.Daehncke, 1200 Pilze in Farbfotos, AT Verlag (2009), p 936.
-
Slo.: blaga mlenica - Syn: Lactarius brittanica, Lactarius ichoratus, Batsch ex Fr. (Moser) - Habitat: Old Fagus sylvatica secondary forest, northeast oriented mountain slope, locally almost flat terrain, calcareous bedrock, in shade, partly protected from direct rain by tree canopies, average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 6-8 deg C, elevation 805 m (2,600 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. - Substratum: forest soil with plenty of Fagus sylvatica rotten leaves. - Comments: Growing in a single group, pileus diameter up to 5-6 cm (2 inch). Taste and smell mild, indistinctive. Spore print crème with slight red-brown tint. Milk white, not changing color with time, with mild taste, not abundant. Spores seem somewhat too big?? Spore dimensions: Warty, 9,0 (SD = 0,6) x 7,6 (SD = 0,4) micr., Q = 1,18 (SD = 0,07), n = 30. Motic B2-211A, magnification 1.000 x, oil, in water. - Ref.: (1) M.Bon, Parey's Buch der Pilze, Kosmos (2005), p 90. (2) R.M. Daehncke, 1200 Pilze in Farbfotos, AT Verlag (2009), p 983. (3) http://www.rogersmushrooms.com/gallery/DisplayBlock~bid~6094~source~gallerychooserresult.asp. (4) Personal communication with Mr. Anton Poler and Mr. Bojan Rot, http://www.gobenabovskem.si/ .
-
-
-
-
-
-