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Summary[
edit] Description: English: Male Flower Sea Urchin (Toxopneustes roseus) releasing milt. November 1, 2011 Lalo Cove, Sea of Cortez. Date: 1 November 2011. Source: Own work. Author:
DM289169.
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Additional file 6 Video 4 – MRI dataset of Echinocyamus pusillus (Müller, 1776). Resolution: 20 × 18 × 18 μm 3 .
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Faure E, Savy T, Rizzi B, Melani C, Stašová O, Fabrèges D, Špir R, Hammons M, Čúnderlík R, Recher G, Lombardot B, Duloquin L, Colin I, Kollár J, Desnoulez S, Affaticati P, Maury B, Boyreau A, Nief J, Calvat P, Vernier P, Frain M, Lutfalla G, Kergosien Y, Suret P, Remešíková M, Doursat R, Sarti A, Mikula K, Peyriéras N, Bourgine P
Wikimedia Commons
Supplementary Movie 9 A raw data orthoslice displaying the membrane channel is adjusted to follow a single micromere highlighted in green (and kept at a fixed position throughout the movie). Its clonal descendants (also in green) do not necessarily remain in the same plane, but are accurately tracked. The whole dataset was validated and corrected to become a gold standard (Mov-IT visualization tool).
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The video animation of the fertilization process in A. aranciacus, which was described in detail in the format of still-shot photos in Fig. 1B of the manuscript. Sperm incorporation is seemingly driven by the ‘elastic force’ of the cortical cone that is being detached from the plasma membrane.
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Faure E, Savy T, Rizzi B, Melani C, Stašová O, Fabrèges D, Špir R, Hammons M, Čúnderlík R, Recher G, Lombardot B, Duloquin L, Colin I, Kollár J, Desnoulez S, Affaticati P, Maury B, Boyreau A, Nief J, Calvat P, Vernier P, Frain M, Lutfalla G, Kergosien Y, Suret P, Remešíková M, Doursat R, Sarti A, Mikula K, Peyriéras N, Bourgine P
Wikimedia Commons
Supplementary Movie 5 Embryo reconstructed in toto from gastrulation to tailbud stage, animal view, circum notochord up. Detected nuclei are represented by dots, and cell trajectories over the next time steps by lines. Color code from blue to red through gray indicates cell velocity from 0 to 3 μm/min (Mov-IT visualization tool).
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Faure E, Savy T, Rizzi B, Melani C, Stašová O, Fabrèges D, Špir R, Hammons M, Čúnderlík R, Recher G, Lombardot B, Duloquin L, Colin I, Kollár J, Desnoulez S, Affaticati P, Maury B, Boyreau A, Nief J, Calvat P, Vernier P, Frain M, Lutfalla G, Kergosien Y, Suret P, Remešíková M, Doursat R, Sarti A, Mikula K, Peyriéras N, Bourgine P
Wikimedia Commons
Supplementary Movie 11 Three cell populations identified according to their position and morphogenetic movements: epiblast cells (in blue), hypoblast cells (in yellow) entering the imaged volume by 5.70 hpf, enveloping layer (EVL) cells (in cyan) highlighted between 4.24 hpf and 5.66 hpf by a 3D Delaunay triangulation joining the nucleus of neighbor cells (Mov-IT visualization tool).
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Espinal J, Aldana M, Guerrero A, Wood C, Darszon A, Martinez-Mekler G
Wikimedia Commons
Iberiotoxin slowing down response shown only for one sperm. For clarity, one spermatozoon of each experimental condition described in Movie S1 is encircled (red); other spermatozoa were manually eliminated after speract photoactivation. Notice that the control presents twice the number of Ca up surges.
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Faure E, Savy T, Rizzi B, Melani C, Stašová O, Fabrèges D, Špir R, Hammons M, Čúnderlík R, Recher G, Lombardot B, Duloquin L, Colin I, Kollár J, Desnoulez S, Affaticati P, Maury B, Boyreau A, Nief J, Calvat P, Vernier P, Frain M, Lutfalla G, Kergosien Y, Suret P, Remešíková M, Doursat R, Sarti A, Mikula K, Peyriéras N, Bourgine P
Wikimedia Commons
Supplementary Movie 10 A single cell is selected at time step 62 (in yellow). Its lineage indicates a single branch with no division. Following its trajectory step by step shows that at time step 71, it actually divides and its color is propagated to only one of its daughters, indicating that the algorithm (SimAnn) did not detect the mitotic event. In the checking mode of the interactive visualization software Mov-IT, the yellow cell at time t70 is linked to its blue daughter at t71. Fixing this link proved being sufficient to recover the complete clonal history of the yellow cell from t62 to the end of the time lapse as it two daughters were otherwise properly tracked.
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The video animation of the failed sperm entry in heparin-treated eggs of A. aranciacus. The still-shot images of this movie clip were described in detail in Fig. 8.
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Faure E, Savy T, Rizzi B, Melani C, Stašová O, Fabrèges D, Špir R, Hammons M, Čúnderlík R, Recher G, Lombardot B, Duloquin L, Colin I, Kollár J, Desnoulez S, Affaticati P, Maury B, Boyreau A, Nief J, Calvat P, Vernier P, Frain M, Lutfalla G, Kergosien Y, Suret P, Remešíková M, Doursat R, Sarti A, Mikula K, Peyriéras N, Bourgine P
Wikimedia Commons
Supplementary Movie 13 Starting at the 32-cell stage, lateral view, detected nuclei are represented by dots (size as a function of nucleus depth), and cell trajectories over the next time steps by lines. 3D rendering of the membrane raw data. Small micromeres (in dark purple), large micromeres (in light purple), mesomeres (in cyan), macromeres (in red) before the specification of Veg1 and Veg2 populations, then Veg1 cell population (in red) and Veg2 (in yellow) (Mov-IT visualization tool).
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Espinal J, Aldana M, Guerrero A, Wood C, Darszon A, Martinez-Mekler G
Wikimedia Commons
Iberiotoxin slowing down response. Iberiotoxin reduces the number of speractinduced Ca fluctuations that occur during the 5 s immediately after stimulation. Swimming Fluo-4 loaded S. purpuratus spermatozoa exposed to speract through the photo-release of Caged speract (10 nM) with a 200 ms UV flash alone (left panel) or in the presence of Iberiotoxin (100 nM, right panel). An optic liquid guide of 4000 m internal diameter was used as light path between the UV lamp and the microscope. Pseudo-color scale representing maximum (red) and minimum (blue) relative fluo 4 fluorescence intensity. Five times slower: 30 frames s, 40× objective.
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Faure E, Savy T, Rizzi B, Melani C, Stašová O, Fabrèges D, Špir R, Hammons M, Čúnderlík R, Recher G, Lombardot B, Duloquin L, Colin I, Kollár J, Desnoulez S, Affaticati P, Maury B, Boyreau A, Nief J, Calvat P, Vernier P, Frain M, Lutfalla G, Kergosien Y, Suret P, Remešíková M, Doursat R, Sarti A, Mikula K, Peyriéras N, Bourgine P
Wikimedia Commons
Supplementary Movie 3 Embryo imaged in toto from 32-cell stage to blastula stage, lateral view. Nuclei in blue-green, membranes in yellow-orange (Amira software visualization).
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Espinal J, Aldana M, Guerrero A, Wood C, Darszon A, Martinez-Mekler G
Wikimedia Commons
Delay time for the onset of the first Ca fluctuation of S. purpuratus spermatozoa is increased by the presence of Verapamil. Swimming Fluo4 loaded S. purpuratus sperms were expose to speract through the photorelease of caged speract (10 nM) with a 200 ms UV flash alone (left panel) or in the presence of Verapamil (10 M, right panel). An optic fiber of 4000 m internal diameter was used as light path between the UV lamp and the microscope. 20 times slower: 120 frames s, Scale bar = 25 m, 40× objective. Yellow circles indicate spermatozoa at the beginning and progression of the first Ca fluctuation until reach the averaged delay time of the whole population is reached.
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Faure E, Savy T, Rizzi B, Melani C, Stašová O, Fabrèges D, Špir R, Hammons M, Čúnderlík R, Recher G, Lombardot B, Duloquin L, Colin I, Kollár J, Desnoulez S, Affaticati P, Maury B, Boyreau A, Nief J, Calvat P, Vernier P, Frain M, Lutfalla G, Kergosien Y, Suret P, Remešíková M, Doursat R, Sarti A, Mikula K, Peyriéras N, Bourgine P
Wikimedia Commons
Supplementary Movie 8 Selected cells including eight progenitors of the primary notochord are highlighted with colored dots at the onset of gastrulation. One cell (in yellow) is kept at a fixed position throughout the movie. Color code is propagated along the tracking to reveal the cells' clonal history and displacement in space and time. A single orthoslice of the raw data (in gray levels) is automatically adjusted to follow the selected yellow cell. The other cells do not necessarily remain in the same plane, but are accurately tracked. The whole dataset was validated and corrected to become a gold standard (Mov-IT visualization tool).
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Faure E, Savy T, Rizzi B, Melani C, Stašová O, Fabrèges D, Špir R, Hammons M, Čúnderlík R, Recher G, Lombardot B, Duloquin L, Colin I, Kollár J, Desnoulez S, Affaticati P, Maury B, Boyreau A, Nief J, Calvat P, Vernier P, Frain M, Lutfalla G, Kergosien Y, Suret P, Remešíková M, Doursat R, Sarti A, Mikula K, Peyriéras N, Bourgine P
Wikimedia Commons
Supplementary Movie 12 Starting at the gastrula stage, animal view and circum notochord up, cells are labeled by a color code according to the state-of-the-art description of their fate13. The color code is automatically propagated along the cell lineage. Detected nuclei are represented by dots, and cell trajectories over the next time steps by lines (Mov-IT visualization tool).
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Faure E, Savy T, Rizzi B, Melani C, Stašová O, Fabrèges D, Špir R, Hammons M, Čúnderlík R, Recher G, Lombardot B, Duloquin L, Colin I, Kollár J, Desnoulez S, Affaticati P, Maury B, Boyreau A, Nief J, Calvat P, Vernier P, Frain M, Lutfalla G, Kergosien Y, Suret P, Remešíková M, Doursat R, Sarti A, Mikula K, Peyriéras N, Bourgine P
Wikimedia Commons
Supplementary Movie 2 Embryo imaged in toto from gastrulation to tailbud stage, animal view, circum notochord up. Nuclei in blue-green (Amira visualization software).
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Faure E, Savy T, Rizzi B, Melani C, Stašová O, Fabrèges D, Špir R, Hammons M, Čúnderlík R, Recher G, Lombardot B, Duloquin L, Colin I, Kollár J, Desnoulez S, Affaticati P, Maury B, Boyreau A, Nief J, Calvat P, Vernier P, Frain M, Lutfalla G, Kergosien Y, Suret P, Remešíková M, Doursat R, Sarti A, Mikula K, Peyriéras N, Bourgine P
Wikimedia Commons
Supplementary Movie 7 We focus during gastrulation on one cell (in green) selected from the hypoblast, and a few other cells (in pink) selected from the epiblast. Raw data is displayed as a single orthoslice (in gray levels), which is automatically adjusted to keep track of the green cell over consecutive time steps. When the selected cell divides, its progeny inherits the green label and the raw data orthoslice is automatically adjusted on one of the daughters (Mov-IT visualization tool).
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Summary[
edit] Description: Čeština: Pohybující se
hadice, Lalo Cove, MexikoEnglish: Brittle star in motion. Lalo Cove, Sea of Cortez, Mexico. Date: 12 September 2010. Source: Own work. Author:
DM289169. : This file was selected as the
media of the day for 03 February 2014. It was captioned as follows: English:
Brittle star in motion. Lalo Cove, Sea of Cortez, Mexico Other languages Čeština: Pohybující se
hadice, Lalo Cove, MexikoEnglish:
Brittle star in motion. Lalo Cove, Sea of Cortez, Mexico中文(简体): 墨西哥科迪斯海拉罗湾的蛇尾.
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Faure E, Savy T, Rizzi B, Melani C, Stašová O, Fabrèges D, Špir R, Hammons M, Čúnderlík R, Recher G, Lombardot B, Duloquin L, Colin I, Kollár J, Desnoulez S, Affaticati P, Maury B, Boyreau A, Nief J, Calvat P, Vernier P, Frain M, Lutfalla G, Kergosien Y, Suret P, Remešíková M, Doursat R, Sarti A, Mikula K, Peyriéras N, Bourgine P
Wikimedia Commons
Supplementary Movie 6 Embryo reconstructed in toto from 32-cell stage to blastula stage, lateral view. Detected nuclei are represented by cubes, and cell trajectories over the next time steps by lines. Color code from blue to red through gray indicates cell velocity from 0 to 3 μm/min (Mov-IT visualization tool).
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Faure E, Savy T, Rizzi B, Melani C, Stašová O, Fabrèges D, Špir R, Hammons M, Čúnderlík R, Recher G, Lombardot B, Duloquin L, Colin I, Kollár J, Desnoulez S, Affaticati P, Maury B, Boyreau A, Nief J, Calvat P, Vernier P, Frain M, Lutfalla G, Kergosien Y, Suret P, Remešíková M, Doursat R, Sarti A, Mikula K, Peyriéras N, Bourgine P
Wikimedia Commons
Supplementary Movie 4 Embryo reconstructed from sphere stage to 1 somite stage, first viewed from the animal pole, then from inside the blastoderm by the late shield stage. Detected nuclei are represented by cubes, and cell trajectories over the next time steps by lines. Color code from blue to red through gray indicates cell velocity from 0 to 3 μm/min (Mov-IT visualization tool).
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Faure E, Savy T, Rizzi B, Melani C, Stašová O, Fabrèges D, Špir R, Hammons M, Čúnderlík R, Recher G, Lombardot B, Duloquin L, Colin I, Kollár J, Desnoulez S, Affaticati P, Maury B, Boyreau A, Nief J, Calvat P, Vernier P, Frain M, Lutfalla G, Kergosien Y, Suret P, Remešíková M, Doursat R, Sarti A, Mikula K, Peyriéras N, Bourgine P
Wikimedia Commons
Supplementary Movie 1 Embryo imaged from sphere stage to 1-somite stage. Left panel: view from the animal pole inside the blastoderm. Right panel: view from the outside of the blastoderm and upper sections removed (down to 68 μm below the surface). Nuclei in blue-green, membranes in orange-red (Amira visualization software).
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Barely visible to the naked eye, sea urchin larvae grow and transform into bottom-dwelling urchins.
Plankton Chronicles Project by Christian Sardet, CNRS / Noe Sardet and Sharif Mirshak, Parafilms
See Plankton Chronicles interactive site: http://www.planktonchronicles.org
[taxonomy:binomial=Paracentrotus lividus]
[taxonomy:kingdom=Animalia]
[taxonomy:phylum=Echinodermata]
[taxonomy:class=Echinoidea]
[taxonomy:order=Camarodonta]
[taxonomy:family=Parechinidae]
[taxonomy:genus=Paracentrotus]
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Apenas visible al ojo humano, las larvas de erizos (pluteus) viajan a la deriva con el plancton. Y esto, hasta que la graciosa larva se convierta en erizo comedor de algas.
[taxonomy:kingdom=Animalia]
[taxonomy:binomial=Paracentrotus lividus]