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Illustration from Report on the Radiolaria collected by H.M.S. Challenger during the years 1873-1876. Part III. Original description follows: Plate 111. Aulosphærida. Diam. Fig. 1. Aulonia hexagonia, n. sp., × 30 The complete spherical shell. Fig. 2. Aularia ternaria, n. sp., × 300 A group of six triangular meshes, with seven nodal points of radial tubes. Behind the central capsule, with its double membrane (e, outer; i, inner) and radiate operculum (o); u, the two outer parapylæ; v, vacuoles in the protoplasm. The ellipsoidal nucleus (n) contains numerous nucleoli (l). Fig. 3. Aulastrum triceros, n. sp., × 50 The complete shell. Fig. 3a. Aulastrum triceros, n. sp., × 300 A single radial tube. Figs. 4a, 4b, 4c. Aulastrum dendroceros, n. sp., × 400 Three single radial spines (taken from three different specimens). Fig. 5a. Aulophacus lenticularis, n. sp., × 300 A single radial spine. Fig. 5b. Aulophacus amphidiscus, n. sp., × 300 A single radial spine. Fig. 6. Aulatractus fusiformis, n. sp., × 5 The complete shell, five times enlarged. Fig. 6a. Aulatractus fusiformis, n. sp., × 20 Apical part of the shell. Fig. 6b. Aulatractus fusiformis, n. sp., × 400 A single radial tube. Fig. 7. Aulatractus diploconus, n. sp., × 20 Apical part of the shell. Fig. 7a. Aulatractus diploconus, n. sp., × 400 A single radial tube. Fig. 8. Auloplegma perplexum, n. sp., × 50 Half the shell. Fig. 8a. Auloplegma perplexum, n. sp., × 400 A single radial tube. Fig. 9. Auloplegma spongiosum, n. sp., × 300 A single radial tube.
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Illustration from Report on the Radiolaria collected by H.M.S. Challenger during the years 1873-1876. Part III. Original description follows: Plate 115. Circoporida. Diam. Fig. 1. Circoporus sexfuscinus, n. sp., × 100 The cruciform mouth is visible in the upper part of the figure, to the right. Fig. 2. Circoporus sexfuscinus, n. sp., × 200 A single radial spine, with four cruciate pores at the base. Fig. 3. Circoporus sexfuscinus, n. sp., × 600 The radiate operculum of the central capsule, with the proboscis. Fig. 4. Circospathis furcata, n. sp., × 100 Five of the nine spines are visible, two others (on the upper face) broken off. Between the latter the pentagonal mouth (with five teeth). Fig. 5. Circospathis furcata, n. sp., × 300 The mouth with its five teeth. Fig. 6. Circospathis furcata, n. sp., × 400 A piece of the shell with a radial spine. Fig. 7. Circospathis furcata, n. sp., × 400 Vertical section through the base of a radial spine, to show the central funicle. Fig. 8. Circogonia dodecacantha, n. sp., × 100 The central capsule with the elliptical nucleus (to the right) and the dark phæodium (to the left) are visible, in the upper part (to the left) the mouth of the shell, with six teeth. Fig. 9. Circogonia dodecacantha, n. sp., × 400 A fragment of the shell, exhibiting its peculiar structure (needles tangentially scattered in the cement of the porcellanous substance), and a circle of nine pores around the base of a broken spine. Fig. 10. Circospathis tetrodonta, n. sp., × 400 The mouth with four teeth, in profile view.
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Illustration from Report on the Radiolaria collected by H.M.S. Challenger during the years 1873-1876. Part III. Original description follows: Plate 113. Castanellida. Diam. Fig. 1. Castanissa challengeri, n. sp., × 100 In the lower part of the figure is visible the large corona of teeth around the mouth (a). Fig. 2. Castanidium moseleyi, n. sp., × 80 In the upper part of the figure, at left, is visible the irregular polygonal mouth (a). Fig. 3. Castanopsis naresi, n. sp., × 80 In the upper part of the figure is visible the smooth circular mouth (a). Fig. 4. Castanura tizardi, n. sp., × 80 Fig. 4a. A single main-spine of the same, × 400 Fig. 5. Castanidium murrayi, n. sp., × 100 With a large phæodium, partly protruded through the circular mouth. Fig. 5a. A single main-spine of the same, hexagonally dimpled, × 400 Fig. 6. Castanella wyvillei, n. sp., × 100 A piece of the shell with the mouth, armed with six large teeth (a). Fig. 7. Castanidium buchanani, n. sp., × 100 A piece of the shell with the smooth roundish mouth (a).
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Illustration from Report on the Radiolaria collected by H.M.S. Challenger during the years 1873-1876. Part III. Original description follows: Plate 109. Aulosphærida. Diam. Fig. 1. Aulosphæra dendrophora, n. sp., × 50 The entire shell, with the central capsule and its nucleus, enveloped by the dark granular phæodium. Fig. 2. Aulosphæra dendrophora, n. sp., × 300 A single radial tube. Fig. 3. Aulosphæra sceptrophora, n. sp., × 300 A hexagonal group of six triangular meshes. Fig. 4. Aulosphæra sceptrophora, n. sp., × 300 A similar group, seen from the side, with three radial tubes. Fig. 5. Aulosphæra spinosa, n. sp., × 300 A hexagonal group of six triangular meshes. Fig. 6. Aulosphæra undulata, n. sp., × 400 A single radial tube. Fig. 7. Aulosphæra spathillata, n. sp., × 400 A single radial tube. Fig. 7a. An abnormal variety, × 400 Fig. 8. Aulosphæra triodon, n. sp., × 400 A single radial tube. Fig. 9. Aulosphæra trifurca, n. sp., × 400 A single radial tube. Fig. 10. Aulosphæra cruciata, n. sp., × 300 A single radial tube. Fig. 11. Aulosphæra bisternaria, n. sp., × 300 A single radial tube. Fig. 12. Aulosphæra bisternaria, n. sp., × 600 Distal end of a single radial tube.
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Protocystis found wearing a crown of diatoms. Sample from the Amundsen Sea.
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Summary[
edit] Description: Glasmodell von
Aulosphaera elegantissima von Leopold und Rudolf Blaschka um 1885 aus der Zoologischen Sammlung Tübingen in der Ausstellung "Wie Schönes Wissen schafft", 19. April bis 1. September 2013 im Museum der Universität Tübingen (MUT). Date: May 2013. Source:
Wie Schönes Wissen schafft im MUT. Author: NearEMPTiness.
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Illustration from Report on the Radiolaria collected by H.M.S. Challenger during the years 1873-1876. Part III. Original description follows: Plate 100. Tuscarorida. Diam. Fig. 1. Tuscarora bisternaria, John Murray, × 30 View from the dorsal side. Fig. 1a. View from the mouth pole × 25 Fig. 2. Tuscarora murrayi, n. sp., × 30 View from the dorsal side. The central capsule (in the aboral half), and the phæodium (in the middle of the shell-cavity) are visible. A fine network of pseudopodia pierces the calymma, which fills up the shell-cavity. Fig. 3. Tuscarora wyvillei, n. sp., × 30 View from the dorsal side. Fig. 3a. Base of a tooth, × 100 Fig. 3b. Transverse section through the base of a tooth. Fig. 3c. Base of a foot. Fig. 4. Tuscarora tetrahedra, John Murray, × 15 View from the dorsal side. Fig. 4a. Mouth with the three teeth, × 50 Fig. 5. Tuscarora tubulosa, John Murray, × 40 View from the ventral side. Fig. 5a. Mouth with the two teeth, × 100 Fig. 5b. Basal part of a single tooth, × 150 Fig. 6. Tuscarora porcellana, John Murray, × 600 Fig. 6a. A piece of the shell, with five pores. Fig. 6b. A piece of a tooth, with the internal axial rod and its transverse branches. Fig. 7. Tuscarusa medusa, n. sp., × 25 View from the side. Fig. 7a. View from the mouth, × 50 Fig. 8. Tuscaridium lithornithium, n. sp., × 20 View from the ventral side. Central capsule and calymma as in fig. 2. Fig. 8a. Peristome from the ventral side. Fig. 8b. Peristome from the right side.
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A specimen from Villefranche in Feb 2012 showing what appears to be a feeding tube. A short video is on the Aquaparadox video page.
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Illustration from Report on the Radiolaria collected by H.M.S. Challenger during the years 1873-1876. Part III. Original description follows: Plate 104. Aulacanthida. Diam. Aulacanthida. Fig. 1. Aulospathis bifurca, n. sp., × 50 A complete specimen, excellently preserved, with an ovate alveolate calymma and two central capsules. The surface of the calymma is covered with tangential needles. Fig. 2. Aulospathis bifurca, n. sp., × 100 An isolated central capsule of another specimen, surrounded by granules of the phæodium. o, Radiate operculum of the astropyle; u, the two lateral parapylæ; e, external membrane of the capsule; i, internal membrane; c, vacuoles in the protoplasm; n, nucleus; l, numerous nucleoli. Fig. 3. Aulospathis bifurca, n. sp., × 80 Two central capsules of another specimen, surrounded by the phæodium (Self-division). Characters as in fig. 2. Fig. 4. Aulospathis bifurca, n. sp., × 100 A single radial tube. Fig. 5. Aulospathis bifurca, n. sp., × 200 Distal part of another radial tube, partly filled up by air-bubbles. Fig. 6. Aulospathis trifurca, n. sp., × 200 Distal part of a single radial tube. Fig. 7. Aulospathis trifurca, n. sp., × 200 Distal part of another radial tube. Fig. 8. Aulospathis triodon, n. sp., × 100 A single radial tube. Fig. 9. Aulospathis tetrodon, n. sp., × 200 Distal end of single tube. Figs. 10-13. Aulospathis polymorpha, n. sp., × 400 Four single terminal branches with very different forms of spathillæ. Figs. 14-17. Aulospathis variabilis, n. sp., × 400 Four single terminal branches with very different forms of spathillæ.
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A radiolarian, Protocystis xiphodon, showing a what looks like a feeding tube.
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Illustration from Report on the Radiolaria collected by H.M.S. Challenger during the years 1873-1876. Part III. Original description follows: Plate 103. Aulacanthida. Diam. Fig. 1. Aulographis candelabrum, n. sp., × 100 p, The dark phæodium surrounding the central capsule on its oral part; a, a part of the surrounding alveolate calymma, also surrounding the central capsule; s, the veil of tangential needles covering the surface of the alveolate calymma; r, the big radial tubes, seven of which are visible, with an elegant verticil of terminal branches; f, the numerous pseudopodia radiating between the branches. The central capsule exhibits the following parts:—o, Astropyle; u, parapylæ; e, outer membrane; i, inner membrane; v, vacuoles; n, nucleus; l, nucleoli. Figs. 2-9. Aulographis pandor, n. sp., × 100 Distal ends of various radial tubes of a single specimen, exhibiting the extraordinary variability of this species. Fig. 10. Aulographis furcula, n. sp., × 400 A two-branched tube. Fig. 11. Aulographis furcula, n. sp., × 400 A three-branched tube. Figs. 12, 13. Aulographis bovicornis, n. sp., × 200 Two tubes with two branches. Fig. 14. Aulographis bovicornis, n. sp., × 200 A tube with three branches. Fig. 15. Aulographis triangulum, n. sp., × 200 A single tube. Fig. 16. Aulographis taumorpha, n. sp., × 300 Two tubes, each with two branches. Fig. 17. Aulographis triglochin, n. sp., × 300 A tube with three branches. Figs. 18, 19. Aulographis hexancistra, n. sp., × 300 Distal end of two tubes (one with four, the other with five terminal branches). Fig. 20. Aulographis dentata, n. sp., × 200 Distal end of a single tube. Fig. 21. Aulographis ancorata, n. sp., × 300 Two tubes, each with four recurved branches. Fig. 22. Aulographis tetrancistra, n. sp., × 300 A single tube. Fig. 23. Aulographis stellata, n. sp., × 300 a and b, Two rudimentary or incompletely developed tubes; c, a well-developed tube of the usual form. Fig. 24. Aulographis asteriscus, n. sp., × 300 Terminal verticil of a single tube. Fig. 25. Aulographis cruciata, n. sp., × 300 Distal end of a single tube. Fig. 26. Aulographis pulvinata, n. sp., × 400 Distal end of a single tube. Fig. 27. Aulographis serrulata, n. sp., × 400 Distal end of a single tube.
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Illustration from Report on the Radiolaria collected by H.M.S. Challenger during the years 1873-1876. Part III. Original description follows: Plate 102. Aulacanthida. Diam. Fig. 1. Auloceros elegans, n. sp., × 80 A complete specimen, observed living at Ceylon. In the centre is visible the red central capsule with its three openings, containing a large nucleus of half the size, with numerous nucleoli. The alveolate calymma encloses a green excentric phæodium, is surrounded by a veil of interwoven tangential needles, and forms conical elevations, which enclose the piercing radial tubes. Between these radiate numerous pseudopodia (compare for the single parts, Pl. 103, fig. 1 and Pl. 104, figs. 1-3, and their explanation). Figs. 2-6. Auloceros furcosus, n. sp., × 100 Distal ends of different radial tubes, exhibiting the great variability of this species. Fig. 7. Auloceros trigeminus, n. sp., × 300 Distal end of a single tube. Fig. 8. Auloceros capreolus, n. sp., × 200 Distal End of a Single Tube. Figs. 9, 10. Auloceros cervinus, n. sp., × 300 Distal ends of two single tubes. Fig. 12. Auloceros spathillaster, n. sp., × 300 Distal end of a single tube. Figs. 11, 13. Auloceros arborescens, n. sp., × 300 Distal ends of two single tubes.
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Illustration from Report on the Radiolaria collected by H.M.S. Challenger during the years 1873-1876. Part III. Original description follows: Plate 105. Aulacanthida. Diam. AULACANTHIDA. Fig. 1. Aulodendron indicum, n. sp., × 200 A single tube. Fig. 2. Aulodendron pacificum, n. sp., × 400 Distal half of a tube. Fig. 3. Aulodendron australe, n. sp., × 300 A single tube. Fig. 4. Aulacantha spinosa, n. sp., × 300 Distal half of a tube. Fig. 5. Aulodendron antarcticum, n. sp., × 300 A single tube. Fig. 6. Aulographis pistillum, n. sp., × 300 A single tube. Fig. 7. Aulographis martagon, n. sp., × 300 Distal end of a single tube. Fig. 8. Aulographis triæna, n. sp., × 80 A single tube. Fig. 9. Aulographis flammabunda, n. sp., × 100 Distal end of a tube. Fig. 10. Aulographis flosculus, n. sp., × 300 Distal end of a tube. Fig. 11. Aulographis gemmasceus, n. sp., × 100 Distal end of a tube. Fig. 12. Aulographis verticillata, n. sp., × 400 Distal end of a tube. Fig. 12a. Apical view, with four verticils of five branches. Fig. 13. Aulographis tripentas, n. sp., × 300 Distal end of a tube. Fig. 13a. Apical view, with three verticils of five branches. Fig. 14. Auloceros dicranaster, n. sp., × 400 Distal end of a tube, seen from the side. Fig. 15. Auloceros dicranaster, n. sp., × 200 Distal end of a tube, seen from the terminal face. Fig. 16. Aulacantha cannulata, n. sp., × 300 Distal end of a tube.
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Illustration from Report on the Radiolaria collected by H.M.S. Challenger during the years 1873-1876. Part III. Original description follows: Plate 122. Cœlographida. Diam. Fig. 1. Cœlotholus octonus, n. sp., × 30 The entire bivalved shell, seen obliquely from the dorsal and somewhat from the right side, enveloped by the yellowish calymma. Fig. 2. Cœlotholus octonus, n. sp., × 100 One valve of the shell (h) with its large galea and the origin of the three styles. The base of the two lateral styles (g1, g2) is connected by two latticed lateral frenula (b1, b2) with the mouth (m) of the rhinocanna (t). The odd style (g3) is free. Fig. 3. Cœlothauma duodenum, n. sp., × 20 The entire shell, seen from the dorsal side. The long styles are enveloped by the yellowish calymma. Fig. 4. Cœlothauma duodenum, n. sp., × 80 One valve of the shell (h), seen from the apical side; t, rhinocanna; m, its mouth; b1, b2, the two lateral frenula; g1, g2, the two paired styles; g3, the odd style. Fig. 5. Cœlothauma duodenum, n. sp., × 80 One valve of the shell, seen in profile. Characters as in fig. 4. Fig. 6. Cœlothamnus bivalvis, n. sp., × 30 The entire shell, enveloped by the yellowish calymma, seen from the left side; between the two valves is the central capsule, with nucleus and astropyle. Fig. 7. Cœlothamnus bivalvis, n. sp., × 100 A single lateral anchor-pencil. Fig. 8. Cœlothamnus bivalvis, n. sp., × 200 Distal end of a style, with its anchor-pencils. Fig. 9. Cœlothamnus bivalvis, n. sp., × 400 A single anchor-thread, with its quadridentate terminal spathilla.
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Illustration from Report on the Radiolaria collected by H.M.S. Challenger during the years 1873-1876. Part III. Original description follows: Plate 127. Cœlographida. Diam. Fig. 1. Cœloplegma murrayanum, n. sp., × 40 One valve of the bivalved shell, seen from the inside, of the usual ovate form. Fig. 2. Cœloplegma murrayanum, n. sp., × 40 One valve of the bivalved shell, seen from the inside, of the rarer polyhedral form, which may be distinguished as a different species (Cœloplegma tritonis, compare p.
1758). h, hemispherical inner valve; g, galea; s, its base. Fig. 3. Cœloplegma murrayanum, n. sp., × 40 The entire shell, seen from the base of the aboral pole (dorsal and ventral valve connected by delicate teeth, catching into one another). Fig. 4. Cœloplegma murrayanum, n. sp., × 100 h, The two hemispherical inner valves of the shell, seen from the right side; n, the central nucleus inside the central capsule; d, the astropyle; g, the galea; t, the nasal tube, arising from its base; m, its mouth; p, the phæodium, which is partly thrown out by the nasal openings, filling up the galea and nasal tube. Fig. 5. Cœloplegma murrayanum, n. sp., × 200 h, The two hemispherical inner valves of the shell and the enclosed central capsule, seen from the oral side; d, the radiate operculum of the astropyle, seen in the frontal fissure between the two valves; n, the nucleus; k, the crystals; g, galea; g1-g5, the styles arising from the galea; t, nasal tube; m, mouth of it. Fig. 6. Cœloplegma murrayanum, n. sp., × 600 Oral part of a central capsule, in profile. o, Opening of the proboscis; d, radiate operculum of the astropyle, which gives rise to the proboscis; e, the outer, i, the inner membrane of the capsule; k, groups of crystals; n, nucleus. Fig. 7. Cœloplegma murrayanum, n. sp., × 1000 Three single groups of crystals, taken from the central capsule. Fig. 8. Cœloplegma murrayanum, n. sp., × 300 One inner valve of the shell, in profile. h, hemispherical valve; g, galea; g1-g5, the tubes arising from it; t, rhinocanna or nasal tube; m, its mouth; b, frenulum. Fig. 9. Cœloplegma murrayanum, n. sp., × 400 g, The galea; t, rhinocanna of one inner valve; m, its mouth; p, phæodella filling up both the galea and the mouth of the rhinocanna. g1-g5, the styles arising from the galea; s, sieve-plate, which separates the cavity of the galea from the hemispherical valve (h). View in profile. Fig. 10. Cœloplegma murrayanum, n. sp., × 300 An anchor-pencil of the outer shell. Fig. 11. Cœloplegma murrayanum, n. sp., × 1000 A single anchor-thread of a pencil. Fig. 12. Cœloplegma murrayanum, n. sp., × 300 Terminal branches of a style. Fig. 13. Cœloplegma murrayanum, n. sp., × 1000 A single terminal branch of a style.
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Illustration from Report on the Radiolaria collected by H.M.S. Challenger during the years 1873-1876. Part III. Original description follows: Plate 126. Cœlographida. Diam. Figs. 1-1c. Cœlographis regina, n. sp., Fig. 1. Lateral view. The central capsule it visible between the two valves of the inner shell, the galeæ of which are filled by the phæodium, × 20 Fig. 1a. Dorsal view (somewhat obliquely from the left side). The galeæ appear triangular, × 20 Fig. 1b. Basal view, × 20 Fig. 1c. Distal end of a style, × 300 Figs. 2-2b. Cœlodecas sagittaria, n. sp., Fig. 2. One valve of the shell, seen from the outside, × 30 Fig. 2a. Distal end of a style, × 300 Figs. 3-3a. Cœlostylus bisenarius, n. sp., Fig. 3. Lateral view of the bivalved shell. The central capsule is visible between the two valves of the inner shell, the galeæ of which are filled by the phæodium, × 20 Fig. 3a. Distal end of a style, × 300 Figs. 4-4a. Cœlagalma mirabile, n. sp., Fig. 4. Dorsal view of the bivalved shell, × 30 Fig. 4a. Basal view of the bivalved shell, × 10
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Illustration from Report on the Radiolaria collected by H.M.S. Challenger during the years 1873-1876. Part III. Original description follows: Plate 121. Cœlodendrida. Diam. Fig. 1. Cœlodendrum furcatissimum, n. sp., × 50 A complete specimen with the central capsule and the big phæodium. The spherical calymma envelops almost the entire skeleton. Fig. 2. Cœlodendrum furcatissimum, n. sp., × 300 A distal branch with its terminal ramification. Fig. 3. Cœlodendrum furcatissimum, n. sp., × 100 One valve of the shell, with its galea and the four hollow forked tubes arising from it. Fig. 4. Cœlodendrum furcatissimum, n. sp., × 100 The central capsule with its nucleus; on the left side one valve of the closely enveloping shell (seen in vertical section), and its galea with the origin of the four tubes. Fig. 5. Cœlodendrum serratum, n. sp., × 400 A flabellate terminal branch. Fig. 6. Cœlodendrum flabellatum, n. sp., × 150 A flabellate terminal branch. Fig. 7. Cœlodendrum spinosissimum, n. sp., × 300 Forked distal end of a terminal branch. Fig. 8. Cœlodendrum cervicorne, n. sp., × 150 One valve of the shell, with its galea and the four tubes arising from it. A network of protoplasm connects the distal branches. Fig. 9. Cœlodrymus ancoratus, n. sp., × 50 A complete specimen, with the central capsule and the enveloping phæodium. The surface of the spherical calymma is covered by a dense network, from which arise numerous, anchor-bearing, radial tubules. Fig. 10. Cœlodrymus ancoratus, n. sp., × 150 A small piece of the superficial network of the skeleton, with the zigzag radial tubules arising from it, each of which bears an anchor with two recurved denticulate teeth on the distal end.