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Senna occidentalis (L.) Link

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Comments

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This species is used as green manure in many parts of the world. The seeds are roasted and used as a substitute for coffee in French Africa and Argentina. Leaves, roots and seeds are considered to be medicinally important i.e. as a febri¬fuge, purgative, diuretic and tonic. Leaves and seeds are externally applied as antiperiodic and in skin diseases. Root is said to be effective against snake bite also.
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Missouri Botanical Garden, 4344 Shaw Boulevard, St. Louis, MO, 63110 USA
bibliographic citation
Flora of Pakistan Vol. 0 in eFloras.org, Missouri Botanical Garden. Accessed Nov 12, 2008.
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Flora of Pakistan @ eFloras.org
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S. I. Ali & M. Qaiser
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Description

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An undershrub up to 2 m tall, sometimes an annual. Leaves stipulate, stipules 4-6.5 mm, acuminate, caducous. Leaves 12-20 cm long, a solitary stalked gland present near the base of the petiole, leaflets 3-5 pairs, opposite, petiolule c. 1 mm, lamina 2.5-9 cm long, 1.2-3.3 cm wide, lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate or narrowly to broadly elliptic, apex acute, rounded at the base, glabrous on both the sides, pilose when young. Inflorescence pedunculate, axillary, corymbose raceme forming terminal panicles, peduncle 0.3-0.8 mm, enlarging in infructescence. Flowers yellow, 1.2 cm across, pedicel c. 5-10 mm long, bracteate, bracts .7-1 cm long, ovate, oblique, acuminate, glabrous, caducous, white, tinged with pink. Calyx c. 1 cm long, divided up to base, glabrous, oblong, obtuse, white, tinged with pink. Corolla 1.2 cm long, oblong-obovate, more or less unequal, obtuse, orange veined. Stamens 10, 3 lower longer than 4 lateral stamens, 3 staminodes. Pods 9-12.5 cm long, 7-8 mm wide, slightly falcate, compressed, with transverse septation, sutures thick. Seeds 20-30, ovoid, compressed, 6-6.5 mm long, 5 mm broad, rounded at the tip, subacute at the base, smooth, hard, shining, pale-brown.
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Missouri Botanical Garden, 4344 Shaw Boulevard, St. Louis, MO, 63110 USA
bibliographic citation
Flora of Pakistan Vol. 0 in eFloras.org, Missouri Botanical Garden. Accessed Nov 12, 2008.
source
Flora of Pakistan @ eFloras.org
editor
S. I. Ali & M. Qaiser
project
eFloras.org
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eFloras

Distribution

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Probably a native of tropical America, widely introduced into Nepal.
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Missouri Botanical Garden, 4344 Shaw Boulevard, St. Louis, MO, 63110 USA
bibliographic citation
Annotated Checklist of the Flowering Plants of Nepal Vol. 0 in eFloras.org, Missouri Botanical Garden. Accessed Nov 12, 2008.
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Annotated Checklist of the Flowering Plants of Nepal @ eFloras.org
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K.K. Shrestha, J.R. Press and D.A. Sutton
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Distribution

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Distribution: W. Pakistan (Punjab, Sind); a circumtropical weed, possibly of S. American origin (de Wit in Webbia 11: 256. 1955).
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Missouri Botanical Garden, 4344 Shaw Boulevard, St. Louis, MO, 63110 USA
bibliographic citation
Flora of Pakistan Vol. 0 in eFloras.org, Missouri Botanical Garden. Accessed Nov 12, 2008.
source
Flora of Pakistan @ eFloras.org
editor
S. I. Ali & M. Qaiser
project
eFloras.org
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eFloras

Elevation Range

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200-1400 m
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Missouri Botanical Garden, 4344 Shaw Boulevard, St. Louis, MO, 63110 USA
bibliographic citation
Annotated Checklist of the Flowering Plants of Nepal Vol. 0 in eFloras.org, Missouri Botanical Garden. Accessed Nov 12, 2008.
source
Annotated Checklist of the Flowering Plants of Nepal @ eFloras.org
author
K.K. Shrestha, J.R. Press and D.A. Sutton
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eFloras.org
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Flower/Fruit

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Fl. Per.: October-March.
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Missouri Botanical Garden, 4344 Shaw Boulevard, St. Louis, MO, 63110 USA
bibliographic citation
Flora of Pakistan Vol. 0 in eFloras.org, Missouri Botanical Garden. Accessed Nov 12, 2008.
source
Flora of Pakistan @ eFloras.org
editor
S. I. Ali & M. Qaiser
project
eFloras.org
original
visit source
partner site
eFloras

Senna occidentalis ( Asturian )

provided by wikipedia AST

Senna occidentalis ye una especie de planta pantropical perteneciente a la familia de les fabacees.[1]

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Ilustración
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Vista de la planta
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Flor
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Fueyes

Descripción

Son yerbes monocárpicas grueses y subarbustos débiles, qu'algamen un tamañu de 0.4–1.2 m d'altu, finamente estrigulosos, d'apariencia glabra, malolientes. Fueyes mayormente 11–25 cm de llargu; foliolos 4 ó 5 pares na mayoría de les fueyes, más grandes distalmente, los del par distal llargamente llanceoláu- o ováu-acuminaos, 4.5–10 cm de llargu y 1.3–3.5 cm d'anchu; nectariu 1 (2), subgloboso, adaxial cerca del pulvínulo, raquis 6–14 cm de llargu, pecíolos 25–50 mm de llargu, estípules triangulares o llanceoláu-acuminaes, 4.5–12 mm de llargu, tempranamente caduques. Inflorescencies racimo subumbelaos, axilares, darréu tirsoides, pedúnculos 0.1–0.6 cm de llargu, abrazaos por un pedículo folioso con nectariu rudimentariu, recímanos con 2–5 flores, exa hasta 0.5 cm de llargu, pedicelos maduros 8–18 mm de llargu; sépalos los gradualmente distintos, los internos 6.5–10 mm de llargu; corola zigomorfa, pétalos heteromorfos pero subiguales en llargor, 12–16 mm de llargu; anteres de los 2 estames abaxiales llongures incurvaes, 5–6.5 mm de llargu, rostradas; estilu 3–4.5 mm de llargu, óvulos 40–60. Frutu erecto-ascendente, linear a daqué incurváu o raramente rectu, planu-estruyíu tornándose subtúrgido cuando maduru, 8–13 cm de llargu y 0.7–0.9 cm d'anchu, cáscares verdes y con rayes coloraes a lo llargo de les sutures, subsésil; granes 1-seriaes, areolaes.[2]

Propiedaes

La planta sopeléxase que ye venenosa pal ganáu.[3] La planta contién antraquinones. Los raigaños contienen emodina[4] y les granes contienen crisarobina (1,8-dihidroxi-3-metil-9-antrona) y N-metilmorfolina.[5]

Usos

Granes de Senna occidentalis pueden turrar y utilízase como un sustitutu del café. Tamién s'utilizaron como un adulterante pal café. Aparentemente nun tien cafeína.

A pesar de les indicaciones de ser venenoses, les fueyes d'esta planta, Dhiguthiyara en dhivehi,[6] utilizáronse na dieta de les Maldives mientres sieglos[7] en platos como'l mas huni y tamién como una planta melecinal.[8]

Taxonomía

Senna occidentalis foi descritu por (L.) Link y espublizóse en Handbuch zur Erkennung der nutzbarsten und am häufigsten vorkommenden Gewächse 2: 140. 1829.[2]

Sinonimia
  • Cassia caroliniana Walter
  • Cassia ciliata Raf.
  • Cassia falcata L.
  • Cassia foetida Pers.
  • Cassia laevigata sensu auct.
  • Cassia macradenia Collad.
  • Cassia obliquifolia Schrank
  • Cassia occidentalis L.
  • Cassia occidentalis (L.) Rose
  • Cassia planisiliqua L.
  • Cassia planisiliqua Burm. f.
  • Cassia plumieri DC.
  • Ditramexa occidentalis Britton & Rose
  • Ditremexa occidentalis (L.) Britton & Wilson
  • Senna occidentalis (L.) Roxb.[9]

Ver tamién

Referencies

  1. ↑ «Senna occidentalis (L.) Link». Germplasm Resources Information Network. United States Department of Agriculture (22 de xineru de 2004). Consultáu'l 28 de marzu de 2009.
  2. ↑ 2,0 2,1 «Senna occidentalis». Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden. Consultáu'l 27 d'ochobre de 2013.
  3. ↑ Coffee Senna (Senna occidentalis) poisoning in cattle in Brazil. Barth AT, Kommers GD, Sal-yos MS, Wouters F and de Folles CS, Vet Hum Toxicol. 1994 Dec;36(6):541-5.
  4. ↑ Emodin, an antibacterial anthraquinone from the roots of Cassia occidentalis. J.C. Chukwujekwu, P.H. Coombes, D.A. Mulholland and J. van Staden, South African Journal of Botany, Volume 72, Issue 2, May 2006, Pages 295-297, doi 10.1016/j.sajb.2005.08.003
  5. ↑ Isolation of N-methylmorpholine from the seeds of Cassia occidentalis (coffee senna). Hyeong L. Kim, Bennie J. Camp, Ronald D. Grigsby, J. Agric. Food Chem., 1971, 19 (1), pp 198–199, doi 10.1021/jf60173a026
  6. ↑ Thimaaveshi - Catalogue of Plants
  7. ↑ List of food items in 'Maldives Coding System'
  8. ↑ Xavier Romero-Frias, The Maldive Islanders, A Study of the Popular Culture of an Ancient Ocean Kingdom. Barcelona 1999, ISBN 84-7254-801-5
  9. ↑ Senna occidentalis en PlantList

Bibliografía

  1. CONABIO. 2009. Catálogu taxonómicu d'especies de Méxicu. 1. In Capital Nat. Méxicu. CONABIO, Mexico City.
  2. Correa A., M.D., C. Galdames & M. Stapf. 2004. Cat. Pl. Vasc. Panamá 1–599. Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Panama.
  3. Cowan, C. P. 1983. Flora de Tabasco. Llistaos Floríst. Méxicu 1: 1–123.
  4. Forzza, R. C. 2010. Llista de espécies Flora do Brasil http://floradobrasil.jbrj.gov.br/2010. Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro.
  5. Funk, V. A., P. Y. Berry, S. Alexander, T. H. Hollowell & C. L. Kelloff. 2007. Checklist of the Plants of the Guiana Shield (Venezuela: Amazones, Bolivar, Delta Amacuro; Guyana, Surinam, French Guiana). Contr. O.S. Natl. Herb. 55: 1–584. View in Biodiversity Heritage Library
  6. Gleason, H. A. & A.J. Cronquist. 1991. Man. Vasc. Pl. N.Y. O.S. (ed. 2) i–910. New York Botanical Garden, Bronx.
  7. Hokche, O., P. Y. Berry & O. Huber. (eds.) 2008. Nuevu Cat. Fl. Vasc. Venezuela 1–860. Fundación Instituto Botánicu de Venezuela, Caracas.
  8. Howard, R. A. 1988. Leguminosae. Fl. Lesser Antilles (Dicotyledoneae–Part 1) 4: 334–538.
  9. Ibarra Manríquez, G. & S. Sinaca Colín. 1995. Llista florística comentada de la estación de bioloxía tropical "Los Tuxtlas", Veracruz, Mexico. Revista Biol. Trop. 43(1–3): 75–115.
  10. Idárraga-Piedrahita, A., R. D. C. Ortiz, R. Caleyes Posada & M. Merello. (eds.) 2011. Fl. Antioquia: Cat. 2: 9–939. Universidá d'Antioquia, Medellín.

Enllaces esternos

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Senna occidentalis: Brief Summary ( Asturian )

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Senna occidentalis

Senna occidentalis ye una especie de planta pantropical perteneciente a la familia de les fabacees.

" Ilustración " Vista de la planta " Flor " Fueyes
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