Deepsea Mushroom

Dendrogramma enigmatica sp. nov., paratype, same specimen as in figure 4 after cutting away part of stalk and disc;Figure 5 from Just J, Kristensen RM, Olesen J (2014) Dendrogramma, New Genus, with Two New Non-Bilaterian Species from the Marine Bathyal of Southeastern Australia (Animalia, Metazoa incertae sedis) – with Similarities to Some Medusoids from the Precambrian Ediacara. PLoS ONE 9(9): e102976. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0102976 A, lateral view. B, radial-section of disc; C, radial-section of disc in light microscopy before sputter coating for SEM. D,E, cross-sections of gastrovascular branches in disc. F, epidermis of disc. G, cross-section of stalk. H, cross-section of gastrovascular canal of stalk (pharynx). I, gastrodermis of gastrovascular canal (pharynx) of stalk. J, epidermis of stalk. SEM micrographs made after shrinkage. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0102976.g005

Dendrogramma enigmatica sp. nov., paratype.Figure 4 from Just J, Kristensen RM, Olesen J (2014) Dendrogramma, New Genus, with Two New Non-Bilaterian Species from the Marine Bathyal of Southeastern Australia (Animalia, Metazoa incertae sedis) – with Similarities to Some Medusoids from the Precambrian Ediacara. PLoS ONE 9(9): e102976. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0102976 A, B, lateral views; C, adoral view; D, close-up of disc surface; E, aboral view; F, tip of stalk; G, aboral view of notch of disc surface. SEM micrographs made after shrinkage. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0102976.g004

Dendrogramma enigmatica sp. n.Figure 2 from Just J, Kristensen RM, Olesen J (2014) Dendrogramma, New Genus, with Two New Non-Bilaterian Species from the Marine Bathyal of Southeastern Australia (Animalia, Metazoa incertae sedis) – with Similarities to Some Medusoids from the Precambrian Ediacara. PLoS ONE 9(9): e102976. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0102976 A, holotype, ‘lateral’ view. B, same, aboral view. C, cross-section through approx. half of stalk (level indicated by arrow heads in Fig. 2A) showing gastrovascular canal in centre (pharynx), mouth-field lobe with thickened epidermis, and main systems of fibrils in mesoglea. D, enlargement of mouth-field lobe. Drawings made before shrinkage. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0102976.g002

Dendrogramma enigmatica sp. nov., holotype.Figure 3 from Just J, Kristensen RM, Olesen J (2014) Dendrogramma, New Genus, with Two New Non-Bilaterian Species from the Marine Bathyal of Southeastern Australia (Animalia, Metazoa incertae sedis) – with Similarities to Some Medusoids from the Precambrian Ediacara. PLoS ONE 9(9): e102976. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0102976 A, B, lateral views; C, aboral view, D, adoral view. Photographs taken after shrinkage. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0102976.g003

Dendrogramma discoides gen. et sp. n., various aspects of holotype.Figure 7 from Just J, Kristensen RM, Olesen J (2014) Dendrogramma, New Genus, with Two New Non-Bilaterian Species from the Marine Bathyal of Southeastern Australia (Animalia, Metazoa incertae sedis) – with Similarities to Some Medusoids from the Precambrian Ediacara. PLoS ONE 9(9): e102976. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0102976 A, adoral view. B, enlarged part of disc; C, aboral view; D, oblique adoral view. Photographs taken after shrinkage. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0102976.g007

Dendrogramma discoides gen. et sp. n.Figure 6 from Just J, Kristensen RM, Olesen J (2014) Dendrogramma, New Genus, with Two New Non-Bilaterian Species from the Marine Bathyal of Southeastern Australia (Animalia, Metazoa incertae sedis) – with Similarities to Some Medusoids from the Precambrian Ediacara. PLoS ONE 9(9): e102976. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0102976 A, holotype, aboral view. B, enlargement of A showing gastrovascular canal (stippled) of stalk (pharynx) and point of connection to the first branching node of gastrovascular system of the disc. C, paratype, oblique oral view of trilobed mouth-field with mouth opening in centre; entire pharyngeal part of the gastrovascular system is shown. D, Albumares with trilobed field (reproduced from [19]). E, Rugoconites tenuirugosus (reproduced from [19]). F, 1. Albumares brunsae, 2. Anfesta stankovskii, 3. Rugoconites enigmaticus; (all three from [23]; sizes: see text in Discussion). Drawings of Dendrogramma made before shrinkage. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0102976.g006

Dendrogramma gen. nov., all 15 paratypes of D. enigmatica and (with *) D. discoides.Figure 1 from Just J, Kristensen RM, Olesen J (2014) Dendrogramma, New Genus, with Two New Non-Bilaterian Species from the Marine Bathyal of Southeastern Australia (Animalia, Metazoa incertae sedis) – with Similarities to Some Medusoids from the Precambrian Ediacara. PLoS ONE 9(9): e102976. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0102976 Photographs taken after shrinkage (see Material and Methods). doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0102976.g001

Summary[edit] Description: English: Dendrogramma gen. nov., all 15 paratypes of D. enigmatica and (with *) D. discoides. Photographs taken after shrinkage (see Material and Methods). Date: 3 September 2014. Source: Dendrogramma, New Genus, with Two New Non-Bilaterian Species from the Marine Bathyal of Southeastern Australia (Animalia, Metazoa incertae sedis) – with Similarities to Some Medusoids from the Precambrian Ediacara. PLOS ONE, September 03, 2014. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0102976. Author: Jean Just, Reinhardt Møbjerg Kristensen, Jørgen Olesen.

Dendrogramma gen. nov., all 15 paratypes of D. enigmatica and (with *) D. discoides. Photographs taken after shrinkage doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0102976.g001

A, B, lateral views; C, aboral view, D, adoral view. Photographs taken after shrinkage. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0102976.g003