Michael D. Pirie, Lars W. Chatrou, Paul J. M. Maas
Phytokeys
Figure 4.
Distribution map of Cremastosperma showing the four disjunct areas of the distribution: 1 the Chocó/Darién/western Ecuador region north into Central America 2 the tropical Andes (including a rough demarcation between areas occupied by northern/lowland and southern/montane clades) 3 coastal Venezuela 4 French Guiana.
Hydnora africana root growing alongside Euphorbia rootA Hydnora africana that has numerous contacts with a Euphorbia (white) root. The Euphorbia roots form pad like structures. The nature of the underground axis (stem or root?) in Hydnora is not easy to determine with certainty, because there are no close relatives of Hydnora, and Hydnora is highly specialized for parasitism. However, there are reasons to favor the concept that the Hydnora axes are roots rather than stems. The growing tips show no evidence of reduced leaves at all, and there are no reduced leaves adjacent to the bases of the flowers. The five or six longitudinal rows of stubby roots on the axis remind one of patterns of lateral root formation on roots, whereas lateral roots that form on stems of plants don't tend to form neat longitudinal rows. And flowering plants other than Hydnora that are root parasites form roots (as in Orobanche), not underground stems, that interconnect with roots of host plants.
to 6 m, stems green; peduncle green, calyx pale green, corolla white, anthers and style white, dtrongly fragrant Project web address: www.inbio.ac.cr/pila-darwin/