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Image of English holly
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English Holly

Ilex aquifolium L.

Scientific Names

Preferred Names

Ilex aquifolium L.
Species recognized by Dynamic Hierarchy Version 2 1
Reference taxon from Synonymic Checklists of the Vascular Plants of the World in Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life
Ilex aquifolium
Species recognized by United Kingdom Species List, North Pacific Species List, South Pacific Species List, North Atlantic Species List, The Netherlands Species List, Slovenia Species List, Sweden Species List, Switzerland Species List, Delete- old US Species List, Taiwan Species List, New Zealand Species List, Poland Species List, Portugal Species List, Romania Species List, Serbia Species List, Isle of Man Species List, Ireland Species List, Italy Species List, Luxembourg Species List, Morocco Species List, France Species List, Germany Species List, Greece Species List, Belgium Species List, Croatia Species List, Colombia Species List, Algeria Species List, Andorra Species List, Austria Species List, Australia Species List, Denmark Species List, Norway Species List, Barcode of Life Data Systems, Global Wood Density Database, BioImages, the virtual fieldguide, UK, Brazil Species List, Canada Species List, China Species List, Japan Species List, wikipedia 日本語, wikipedia 日本語, wikipedia 日本語, wikipedia 日本語, wikipedia 日本語, wikipedia 日本語, wikipedia 日本語, wikipedia 日本語, wikipedia AST, and Wikidata
Ilex aquifolium
Recognized by Flickr BHL, iNaturalist, CalPhotos in DwC-A, Protists in Singapore, Furui 2020, and National Wetland Plant List USA
Ilex aquifolium L.
Species recognized by GBIF classification
Ilex aquifolium L.
Recognized by USDA PLANTS images, USDA Plants data, and BROT plant trait database for Mediterranean
Ilex aquifolium
Species recognized by United States Species List, Global Biotic Interactions, Global Biotic Interactions, and Wikimedia Commons
Ilex aquifolium
Recognized by Flickr Group
Ilex aquifolium Linnaeus 1753
Species recognized by TreatmentBank, TreatmentBank, and TreatmentBank

Alternative Names

Aquifolium croceum Rafin.
Not accepted according to Dynamic Hierarchy Version 2 1
Reference taxon from Synonymic Checklists of the Vascular Plants of the World in Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life
Aquifolium ferox (Ait.) Mill. ex Rafin.
Not accepted according to Dynamic Hierarchy Version 2 1
Reference taxon from Synonymic Checklists of the Vascular Plants of the World in Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life
Aquifolium heterophyllum Rafin.
Not accepted according to Dynamic Hierarchy Version 2 1
Reference taxon from Synonymic Checklists of the Vascular Plants of the World in Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life
Aquifolium ilex Scop.
Not accepted according to Dynamic Hierarchy Version 2 1
Reference taxon from Synonymic Checklists of the Vascular Plants of the World in Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life
Aquifolium spinosum Lam.
Not accepted according to Dynamic Hierarchy Version 2 1
Reference taxon from Synonymic Checklists of the Vascular Plants of the World in Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life
Aquifolium undulatum Rafin.
Not accepted according to Dynamic Hierarchy Version 2 1
Reference taxon from Synonymic Checklists of the Vascular Plants of the World in Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life
Aquifolium vulgare St. Lag.
Not accepted according to Dynamic Hierarchy Version 2 1
Reference taxon from Synonymic Checklists of the Vascular Plants of the World in Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life
Ilex aquifolium f. albopicta (Loudon) Geerinck
Not accepted according to Dynamic Hierarchy Version 2 1
Reference taxon from Synonymic Checklists of the Vascular Plants of the World in Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life
Ilex aquifolium f. aureopicta (Loudon) Geerinck
Not accepted according to Dynamic Hierarchy Version 2 1
Reference taxon from Synonymic Checklists of the Vascular Plants of the World in Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life
Ilex aquifolium f. spinigera Loes.
Not accepted according to Dynamic Hierarchy Version 2 1
Reference taxon from Synonymic Checklists of the Vascular Plants of the World in Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life
Ilex aquifolium var. camelliifolia Koch
Not accepted according to Dynamic Hierarchy Version 2 1
Reference taxon from Synonymic Checklists of the Vascular Plants of the World in Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life
Ilex aquifolium var. nigricans Goeppert
Not accepted according to Dynamic Hierarchy Version 2 1
Reference taxon from Synonymic Checklists of the Vascular Plants of the World in Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life
Ilex balearica Desf.
Not accepted according to Dynamic Hierarchy Version 2 1
Reference taxon from Synonymic Checklists of the Vascular Plants of the World in Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life
Ilex camelliifolia Carr.
Not accepted according to Dynamic Hierarchy Version 2 1
Reference taxon from Synonymic Checklists of the Vascular Plants of the World in Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life
Ilex camelliifolia Henry
Not accepted according to Dynamic Hierarchy Version 2 1
Reference taxon from Synonymic Checklists of the Vascular Plants of the World in Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life
Ilex ciliata Hort. ex Koehne
Not accepted according to Dynamic Hierarchy Version 2 1
Reference taxon from Synonymic Checklists of the Vascular Plants of the World in Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life
Ilex citriocarpa Murr
Not accepted according to Dynamic Hierarchy Version 2 1
Reference taxon from Synonymic Checklists of the Vascular Plants of the World in Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life
Ilex echinata Mill.
Not accepted according to Dynamic Hierarchy Version 2 1
Reference taxon from Synonymic Checklists of the Vascular Plants of the World in Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life
Ilex ferox Ait. ex Steud.
Not accepted according to Dynamic Hierarchy Version 2 1
Reference taxon from Synonymic Checklists of the Vascular Plants of the World in Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life
Ilex fischeri Hort. ex Carr.
Not accepted according to Dynamic Hierarchy Version 2 1
Reference taxon from Synonymic Checklists of the Vascular Plants of the World in Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life
Ilex heterophylla G. Don
Not accepted according to Dynamic Hierarchy Version 2 1
Reference taxon from Synonymic Checklists of the Vascular Plants of the World in Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life
Ilex nigricans Henry
Not accepted according to Dynamic Hierarchy Version 2 1
Reference taxon from Synonymic Checklists of the Vascular Plants of the World in Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life
Ilex sempervirens Salisb.
Not accepted according to Dynamic Hierarchy Version 2 1
Reference taxon from Synonymic Checklists of the Vascular Plants of the World in Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life
Ilex spinigera Loes.
Not accepted according to Dynamic Hierarchy Version 2 1
Reference taxon from Synonymic Checklists of the Vascular Plants of the World in Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life
Ilex vulgaris S. F. Gray
Not accepted according to Dynamic Hierarchy Version 2 1
Reference taxon from Synonymic Checklists of the Vascular Plants of the World in Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life
Ilex aquifolium f. arbutifolia L.
Doubtful according to GBIF classification
Ilex aquifolium var. crassifolia Aiton
Doubtful according to GBIF classification
Ilex aquifolium var. recurva Aiton
Doubtful according to GBIF classification
Ilex aquifolium var. vulgaris Aiton
Doubtful according to GBIF classification

Common Names

English

English holly preferred
Recognized by USDA PLANTS images, wikipedia 日本語, USDA Plants data, and Wikidata
English Holly
prefer
Recognized by National Wetland Plant List USA
holly
prefer
Recognized by Wikidata

Arabic

بهشية مائية الأوراق preferred
Recognized by Wikidata

Armenian

Սղոցի սովորական preferred
Recognized by Wikidata

Azerbaijani

Şişyarpaq şümşə preferred
Recognized by Wikidata

Basque

Gorosti preferred
Recognized by Wikidata

Breton

kelenn preferred
Recognized by Wikidata

Catalan; Valencian

grèvol preferred
Recognized by Wikidata

Chinese

欧洲冬青 preferred
Recognized by Wikidata
歐洲冬青 preferred
Recognized by Wikidata

Corsican

Caracutu preferred
Recognized by Wikidata

Croatian

Božika preferred
Recognized by Wikidata

Czech

cesmína ostrolistá preferred
Recognized by Wikidata

Danish

Almindelig Kristtorn preferred
Recognized by Wikidata

Dutch; Flemish

Hulst preferred
Recognized by wikipedia 日本語 and Wikidata
hulst
prefer
Recognized by Wikidata

Esperanto

Ordinara ilekso preferred
Recognized by Wikidata

Estonian

Teravalehine iileks preferred
Recognized by Wikidata

Finnish

Orjanlaakeri preferred
Recognized by Wikidata

French

houx preferred
Recognized by Wikidata

Galician

Acivro preferred
Recognized by Wikidata

German

Europäische Stechpalme preferred
Recognized by wikipedia 日本語 and Wikidata
Stechpalme
prefer
Recognized by Wikidata

Hungarian

közönséges magyal preferred
Recognized by Wikidata

Icelandic

Kristþyrnir preferred
Recognized by Wikidata

Japanese

セイヨウヒイラギ preferred
Recognized by Furui 2020 and Wikidata

Kabyle

Iɣsel preferred
Recognized by Wikidata

Limburgan; Limburger; Limburgish

Huls (plant) preferred
Recognized by Wikidata

Lithuanian

Dygialapis bugienis preferred
Recognized by Wikidata

Macedonian

божиковина preferred
Recognized by Wikidata

Norwegian

kristtorn preferred
Recognized by Wikidata

Occitan (post 1500)

Grefol preferred
Recognized by Wikidata

Persian

خاس کریسمس preferred
Recognized by Wikidata

Polish

Ostrokrzew kolczasty preferred
Recognized by Wikidata

Portuguese

azevinho preferred
Recognized by Wikidata

Quechua

Asiwu preferred
Recognized by Wikidata

Russian

Падуб остролистный preferred
Recognized by Wikidata

Slovak

cezmína ostrolistá preferred
Recognized by Wikidata

Spanish; Castilian

Navadna bodika preferred
Recognized by Wikidata

Swedish

Järnek preferred
Recognized by Wikidata

Ukrainian

Падуб гостролистовий preferred
Recognized by Wikidata

Welsh

Celyn preferred
Recognized by Wikidata

Stq

Dulle-Huunde preferred
Recognized by Wikidata

Zea

'Ulst preferred
Recognized by Wikidata

Zh Cn

欧洲冬青 preferred
Recognized by Wikidata

Zh Hans

欧洲冬青 preferred
Recognized by Wikidata

Zh Hant

歐洲冬青 preferred
Recognized by Wikidata

Zh Hk

歐洲冬青 preferred
Recognized by Wikidata

Zh Tw

歐洲冬青 preferred
Recognized by Wikidata
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Curated hierarchies for Ilex aquifolium L.

Dynamic Hierarchy Version 2 1

Life
Cellular Organisms
Eukaryota
Archaeplastida
Chloroplastida
Streptophyta
Embryophytes
Tracheophyta
Spermatophytes
Angiosperms
Eudicots
Superasterids
Asterids
Aquifoliales
Aquifoliaceae
Ilex
Ilex aquifolium L. (this page)
Ilex aculeolata Nakai
Ilex amplifolia Rusby
Ilex apicidens N. E. Br.
Ilex apiensis S. Andrews
Ilex aquipernyi Gable ex Whittem.
Ilex archboldiana Merr. & Perry
Ilex archeri Edwin
Ilex asprella (Hook. & Arn.) Champ. ex Benth.
Ilex auricula S. Andrews
Ilex baasiana B. C. Stone & R. Kiew
Ilex biserrulata Loes.
Ilex blancheana W. S. Judd
Ilex brachyphylla (Hand.-Mazz.) S. Y. Hu
Ilex brasiliensis (Spreng.) Loes.
Ilex buxifolia Gardn.
Ilex casiquiarensis Loes.
Ilex cassine L.
Ilex cauliflora H. W. Li ex Y. R. Li
Ilex chingiana Hu & T. Tang
Ilex chuguangii M. M. Lin
Ilex chuniana S. Y. Hu
Ilex cinerea Champ. ex Benth.
Ilex clethriflora S. Andrews
Ilex collina Alexander
Ilex condensata Turcz.
Ilex congonhinha Loes.
Ilex cookii Britton & P. Wilson
Ilex corallina Franch.
Ilex crassifolia Hook.
Ilex densifolia Miq.
Ilex dipyrena Wall.
Ilex duarteensis Loes.
Ilex dumosa Reiss.
Ilex elmerrilliana S. Y. Hu
Ilex embelioides Hook. fil.
Ilex emmae D. M. Hicks
Ilex excavata Pierre
Ilex excelsa (Wall.) Hook. fil.
Ilex florifera Fawcett & Rendle
Ilex formosana Maxim.
Ilex friburgensis Loes.
Ilex fruticosa S. Andrews
Ilex gabrielleana
Ilex glabella J. A. Steyermark
Ilex goshiensis Hayata
Ilex graciliflora Champ. ex Benth.
Ilex grandiflora Ridl.
Ilex hylonoma Hu & T. Tang
Ilex hypaneura Loes.
Ilex impressa Ekman & Loes.
Ilex jenmanii Loes.
Ilex khasiana Purakaystha
Ilex kingiana Cockerell
Ilex knucklesensis D. Philcox
Ilex krugiana Loes. ex Urb.
Ilex kunmingensis H. W. Li ex Y. R. Li
Ilex laurina Kunth
Ilex leucoclada Makino
Ilex liesneri J. A. Steyermark
Ilex liukiuensis Loes.
Ilex longipilosa J. A. Steyermark
Ilex marginata Edwin
Ilex microwrightioides Loesener
Ilex montana Torr. & A. Gray
Ilex nanchuanensis Z. M. Tan
Ilex neocaledonica Maxim.
Ilex ningdeensis C. J. Tseng
Ilex nitidissima C. J. Tseng
Ilex occulta C. J. Tseng
Ilex odorata Buch.-Ham. ex D. Don
Ilex omeiensis Hu & T. Tang
Ilex paruensis J. A. Steyermark
Ilex perado Soland. ex Ait.
Ilex prostrata Groppo
Ilex pseudoebenacea Loes.
Ilex pseudotheezans Loes.
Ilex pubigera (C. Y Wu ex Y. R. Li) S. K. Chen & Y. X. Feng
Ilex pyrifolia C. J. Tseng
Ilex renae S. Andrews
Ilex revoluta Stapf
Ilex rockii S. Y. Hu
Ilex rupicola Kunth
Ilex schwackeana Loes.
Ilex sideroxyloides (Sw.) Griseb.
Ilex spruceana Reiss.
Ilex sterrophylla Merr. & Chun
Ilex steyermarkii Edwin
Ilex subodorata S. Y. Hu
Ilex sumatrana Loes.
Ilex tahanensis R. Kiew
Ilex tateana Steyerm.
Ilex tsangii S. Y. Hu
Ilex tsiangiana C. J. Tseng
Ilex umbellulata (Wall.) Loes.
Ilex uraiensis Yamam.
Ilex urbaniana Loes. ex Urb.
Ilex venosa C. Y. Wu ex Y. R. Li
Ilex wenchowensis S. Y. Hu
Ilex wugongshanensis C. J. Tseng ex S. K. Chen & Y. X. Feng
Ilex yangchunensis C. J. Tseng
515 additional siblings truncated for brevity.
See the resource file for a full list.
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