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Slo.: pecljata plitvica - Habitat: Mixed woodland, nearly flat ground, cretaceous clastic rock (flysh), partly protected from direct rain by trees canopies, mostly in shade, humid place, average precipitations ~3.000 mm/year, average temperature 8-10 deg C, altitude 435 m (1.450 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. - Substratum: rotten petioles of Acer sp. leaves from last year. - Comments: Substrate specific species, yet not completely certain determination. Stalks seem a bit short. Growing in groups of many species, several hundred around. Pileus diameter about 1-3 mm. - Ref.: (1) http://www.bio.uio.no/bot/ascomycetes/Taxa/Rutstroemia.html . (2) M.Bon, Parey's Buch der Pilze, Kosmos (2005), p 332. (3) J.Breitenbach, F.Kraenzlin, Eds., Fungi of Switzerland, Vol.1. Ascomycetes, Verlag Mykologia (1984), p 144.
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Slo.: vijoliasta elatinka - Habitat: Beach wood, steep southeast faced mountain slope, calcareous ground, in shade and protected from direct rain by tree canopies, average precipitations ~3.000 mm/year, average temperature 6-8 deg C, elevation 700 m (2.300 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. - Substratum: rotten trunk of a large Fagus sylvatica laying on ground. - Comment: About 2.5 cm (1 inch) across.
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Slo.: gomoljasta zalogarica - Habitat: light, predominantly hard wood forest, next to a small stream, humid place in half shade; thick, sandy clay ground, ground coverage includes Anemone nemorosa, Crocus vernus, Petasites albus, Petasites paradoxus, Mercuralis perennis, Primula vulgaris, Chrysosplenium alternifolius, Lathraea squamaria, Galanthus nivalis, Oxalis accetosella, Rubus sp., etc., partly protected from direct rain by tree canopies, average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 8-10 deg C, elevation 465 m (1.500 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. - Substratum: soil. - Comments: Associated with Anemone nemorosa; growing scattered solitary and in groups of several sporocarps, hundreds of sporocarps present, species, pileus diameter 1-2 cm, stem disproportionally long up to 8 cm, thin, fleshy, rubbery with small black (white inside) sclerotium at the end, sclerotium 412 mm long, at several, particularly smaller ones, sporocarps I was unable to find it; smell indistinctive, sporocarp flesh not brittle; SP whitish, abundant. Considered as a relatively rare species. - Spores smooth. Dimensions: 15.8 (SD = 1.6) x 7.8 (SD = 0.6) μ, Q = 2.03 (SD = 0.21), n = 28. Olympus CH20, NEA 100x/1.25, magnification 1.000 x, oil, in water, Congo red. AmScope MA500 digital camera. Asci dimensions: 126 (SD = 9.8) x 10.0 (SD = 1.0) μ, n = 14. Olympus CH20, NEA 40x, magnification 400, in water, Congo red. AmScope MA500 digital. Herbarium: Mycotheca and lichen herbarium (LJU-Li) of Slovenian Forestry Institute, Večna pot 2, Ljubljana, Index Herbariorum LJF - Ref.: (1) http://www.rogersmushrooms.com/gallery/DisplayBlock~bid~6772~source~gallerychooserresult.asp (2) R.M. Daehncke, 1200 Pilze in Farbfotos, AT Verlag (2009), p 1147. (3) http://www.cybertruffle.org.uk/cyberliber/59575/0009/002/0433.htm (4) http://www.wildaboutbritain.co.uk/dumontinia-tuberosa (5) Personal communication with Mr. Bojan Rot . Id'ed by Mr. Bojan Rot.
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Slo.: rumena dvotroska - Habitat: In mixed alpine forest, dominant Fagus sylvatica with some Picea abies and Abies alba; east oriented mountain slope, calcareous bedrock however apparently acid soil (Vaccinium myrtillus); mostly in shade, partly protected from direct rain by tree canopies, average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 2-4 deg C, elevation 1.470 m (4.800 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. - Substratum: fallen, debarked trunk probably of Fagus sylvatica. - Spores smooth. Dimensions: 10.4 (SD = 1.1) x 4.3 (SD = 0.4) μ, Q = 2.39 (SD = 0.14), n = 18. Olympus CH20, NEA 100x/1.25, magnification 1.000 x, oil, in water. AmScope MA500 digital camera. - Comments: Pileus diameter less than 2 mm; SP whitish-yellow, faint. - Herbarium: Mycotheca and lichen herbarium (LJU-Li) of Slovenian Forestry Institute, Večna pot 2, Ljubljana - Ref.: (1) M.Bon, Parey's Buch der Pilze, Kosmos (2005), p 332. (2) R.Phillips, Mushrooms, Macmillan (2006), p 371. (3) R.Lueder, Grundkurs Pilzbestimmung, Quelle & Meyer (2008), p 144. (4) http://www.mycoquebec.org/bas.php?trie=B&l=l&nom=Bisporella%20citrina%20/%20Bisporelle%20citrine&tag=Bisporella%20citrina&gro=%203
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Oregon Mycological Society
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Habitat: alpine valley, mixed forest edge, dominant Fagus sylvatica, Picea abies, Ostrya carprinifolia, Larix decidua, Fraxinus ornus, Fraxinus excelsior, Corylus avellana; modestly southeast inclined mountain slope, calcareous ground (overgrown old scree, rocks and boulders), limestone bedrock, relatively dry and warm place, partly sunny, exposed to direct rain, average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 7-9 deg C, elevation 600 m (1.950 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. - Substratum: dead, thin branches of Larix decidua still attached to the tree. - Comments: Several fruit bodies on several branches were found. The determination seems to me quite certain in spite of the fact that there exists many species in genus. L. occidentalis has relatively large spores, which, together with the substratum, much reduces number of options. The only eventual alternative seems to be Lachnellula willcommii. However it has broader spores (8-10 microns) and it is usually associated with Larix decidua cankers. All observed fruitbodies, except one (Figs. 9. and 10.), seem to grow on normal not deformed branches. - Spores smooth. Dimensions: (16.4) 17.8 - 21.8 (24.6) x (4.8) 6 - 7.9 (9.1) microns, Q = (2.2) 2.4 - 3.4 (3.7) ; N = 31; Me = 20 x 7 microns ; Qe = 2.9. Olympus CH20, NEA 100x/1.25, magnification 1.000 x, oil, in water. AmScope MA500 digital camera. Fruit body close up: Novex Trinocular. - Herbarium: Mycotheca and lichen herbarium (LJU-Li) of Slovenian Forestry Institute, Vena pot 2, Ljubljana, Index Herbariorum LJF - References and cited spore dimensions: (1) http://linnet.geog.ubc.ca/Atlas/Atlas.aspx?sciname=Lachnellula%20occidentalis 12-17 x 3.5-6 microns (2) http://nt.ars- grin.gov/taxadescriptions/factsheets/pdfPrintFile.cfm?thisApp=Lachnellulawillkommii 5-8.5 um wide (3) Dichotomous key to Lachnellula (worldwide), (Trichoscyphelloideae, Lachnaceae, Helotiales, Ascomycetes), with a synoptic table of characters (H.O. Baral, Feb. 2000, with updates until 2008, unpublished) available at 'In vivo veritas' Baral 14(16-22)24/7-8(9,5) (4) http://www.ascofrance.com/forum/21908/lachnellula-on-larix 16.3-20.8 X 5.6-7.1 (5) http://www.natur-in-nrw.de/HTML/Pilze/Ascomycota/PAS-175.html (13) 17-20 (24) x 5-8 m, (6) J. Breitenbach, F. Kraenzlin, Eds., Fungi of Switzerland, Vol.xx. Verlag Mykologia (1984), p 196. 12-17/3,5-6. (7) L. Hanse and H. Knudsen, Nordic Macromycetes cited in Ref.: (4) 18-20 X 7-9 m
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Found growing on a boggy hillside north of Burrator Reservoir.
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Habitat: alpine valley, mixed forest edge, dominant Fagus sylvatica, Picea abies, Ostrya carprinifolia, Fraxinus ornus, Fraxinus excelsior, Corylus avellana, modestly southeast inclined mountain slope, calcareous ground (overgrown old scree, rock and boulders), limestone bedrock, relatively dry and warm place, partly sunny, exposed to direct rain, average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 7-9 deg C, elevation 600 m (1.950 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. - Substratum: dead, thin, very small piece of Picea abies branch loosely lying on rocky ground. - Comments: This seems to be a rare observation. There are more than 30 species in Genus Lachnellula, which are not easy to determine to species level. By luck L. splendens has unique spores, so I hope my determination is correct. Lachnellulas seem to be associated with Larix decidua canker and therefore an economically important genus. - Growing in a group of four fruit bodies on a single small branch. I have been trying hard to find some more fruit bodies, but with no success. Pileus diameter 1.2 (SD = 0.3) mm, n = 4, hairs length: 117 (SD = 23) μ, n = 6. - Spores smooth with many small oil drops. Dimensions: 28.9 (SD = 2.3) x 6.4 (SD = 0.5) μ, Q = 4.53 (SD = 0.5), n = 30. Asci dimensions: 145.6 (SD = 11.8) x 15.2 (SD = 1.6) μ, n = 12, with thin apical thickening. Paraphyses width: 1.9 (SD = 0.2) μ (minimum) and 4.7 (SD = 0.5) μ (at the apex), n = 12.Olymus CH20, Olympus NEA 40x/0.65, 400x and Olympus NEA 10x/0.25, 100 x (hairs), in water. AmScope MA500 digital camera. - Herbarium: Mycotheca and lichen herbarium (LJU-Li) of Slovenian Forestry Institute, Večna pot 2, Ljubljana, Index Herbariorum LJF - Ref.: (1) Dichotomous Key to Lachnellula (worldwide) (Trichoscyphelloideae, Lachnaceae, Helotiales, Ascomycetes), with a synoptic table of characters (H.O. Baral, Feb. 2000, with updates until 2008), unpublished(21,5-)23-30(-35) x (5,5-)5,8-6,5(-7,5) m (2) http://www.nahuby.sk/obrazok_detail.php?obrazok_id=414710&poradie=2&form_hash=605e69b1437ab3b9bc1d397470c6fbf825-32/6-7 (3) H. Kahr, W. Maurer, Ch. Scheuer, D. Friesacher and A., Die Haarbecherchen (Lachnellula-Arten) der Steiermark,JoanneaBotanik, 7 (2009), pp 6388 (21,5)2330(35) (5)5,56,5(7,5) μm (4)H.O. Baral & O.Baral, G.Marson, In vivo veritas, Hypocreales, 2 x CD, 2nd edition (2003)
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Slo.: elatinka - Habitat: Mixed, predominantly hardwood woodland, cretaceous clastic rock (flysh), rain protected by trees canopies, in shade, precipitations ~3.000 mm/year, average temperature 8-10 deg C, elevation 450 m (1.500 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. - Substratum: Fallen and much rotten log of a deciduous tree, probably Fagus sylvatica. - Ref.: M.Bon, Pareys Buch der Pilze, Kosmos (2005), p 332. D.Arora, Mushrooms Demystified, Ten Speed Press, Berkeley (1986), pp 877. http://www.rogersmushrooms.com/gallery/DisplayBlock~bid~5574~source~gallerychooserresult.asp . http://www.messiah.edu/Oakes/fungi_on_wood/jelly%20fungi/species%20pages/Ascocoryne%20sarcoides.htm .
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Slo.: pecljata plitvica - Habitat: Mixed woodland, nearly flat ground, cretaceous clastic rock (flysh), partly protected from direct rain by trees canopies, mostly in shade, humid place, average precipitations ~3.000 mm/year, average temperature 8-10 deg C, altitude 435 m (1.450 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. - Substratum: rotten petioles of Acer sp. leaves from last year. - Comments: Substrate specific species, yet not completely certain determination. Stalks seem a bit short. Growing in groups of many species, several hundred around. Pileus diameter about 1-3 mm. - Ref.: (1) http://www.bio.uio.no/bot/ascomycetes/Taxa/Rutstroemia.html . (2) M.Bon, Parey's Buch der Pilze, Kosmos (2005), p 332. (3) J.Breitenbach, F.Kraenzlin, Eds., Fungi of Switzerland, Vol.1. Ascomycetes, Verlag Mykologia (1984), p 144.
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Slo.: vijoliasta elatinka - Habitat: Beach wood, steep southeast faced mountain slope, calcareous ground, in shade and protected from direct rain by tree canopies, average precipitations ~3.000 mm/year, average temperature 6-8 deg C, elevation 700 m (2.300 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. - Substratum: rotten trunk of a large Fagus sylvatica laying on ground. - Comment: About 2.5 cm (1 inch) across.
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Slo.: gomoljasta zalogarica - Habitat: light, predominantly hard wood forest, next to a small stream, humid place in half shade; thick, sandy clay ground, ground coverage includes Anemone nemorosa, Crocus vernus, Petasites albus, Petasites paradoxus, Mercuralis perennis, Primula vulgaris, Chrysosplenium alternifolius, Lathraea squamaria, Galanthus nivalis, Oxalis accetosella, Rubus sp., etc., partly protected from direct rain by tree canopies, average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 8-10 deg C, elevation 465 m (1.500 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. - Substratum: soil. - Comments: Associated with Anemone nemorosa; growing scattered solitary and in groups of several sporocarps, hundreds of sporocarps present, species, pileus diameter 1-2 cm, stem disproportionally long up to 8 cm, thin, fleshy, rubbery with small black (white inside) sclerotium at the end, sclerotium 412 mm long, at several, particularly smaller ones, sporocarps I was unable to find it; smell indistinctive, sporocarp flesh not brittle; SP whitish, abundant. Considered as a relatively rare species. - Spores smooth. Dimensions: 15.8 (SD = 1.6) x 7.8 (SD = 0.6) μ, Q = 2.03 (SD = 0.21), n = 28. Olympus CH20, NEA 100x/1.25, magnification 1.000 x, oil, in water, Congo red. AmScope MA500 digital camera. Asci dimensions: 126 (SD = 9.8) x 10.0 (SD = 1.0) μ, n = 14. Olympus CH20, NEA 40x, magnification 400, in water, Congo red. AmScope MA500 digital. Herbarium: Mycotheca and lichen herbarium (LJU-Li) of Slovenian Forestry Institute, Večna pot 2, Ljubljana, Index Herbariorum LJF - Ref.: (1) http://www.rogersmushrooms.com/gallery/DisplayBlock~bid~6772~source~gallerychooserresult.asp (2) R.M. Daehncke, 1200 Pilze in Farbfotos, AT Verlag (2009), p 1147. (3) http://www.cybertruffle.org.uk/cyberliber/59575/0009/002/0433.htm (4) http://www.wildaboutbritain.co.uk/dumontinia-tuberosa (5) Personal communication with Mr. Bojan Rot . Id'ed by Mr. Bojan Rot.
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Slo.: rumena dvotroska - Habitat: In mixed alpine forest, dominant Fagus sylvatica with some Picea abies and Abies alba; east oriented mountain slope, calcareous bedrock however apparently acid soil (Vaccinium myrtillus); mostly in shade, partly protected from direct rain by tree canopies, average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 2-4 deg C, elevation 1.470 m (4.800 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. - Substratum: fallen, debarked trunk probably of Fagus sylvatica. - Spores smooth. Dimensions: 10.4 (SD = 1.1) x 4.3 (SD = 0.4) μ, Q = 2.39 (SD = 0.14), n = 18. Olympus CH20, NEA 100x/1.25, magnification 1.000 x, oil, in water. AmScope MA500 digital camera. - Comments: Pileus diameter less than 2 mm; SP whitish-yellow, faint. - Herbarium: Mycotheca and lichen herbarium (LJU-Li) of Slovenian Forestry Institute, Večna pot 2, Ljubljana - Ref.: (1) M.Bon, Parey's Buch der Pilze, Kosmos (2005), p 332. (2) R.Phillips, Mushrooms, Macmillan (2006), p 371. (3) R.Lueder, Grundkurs Pilzbestimmung, Quelle & Meyer (2008), p 144. (4) http://www.mycoquebec.org/bas.php?trie=B&l=l&nom=Bisporella%20citrina%20/%20Bisporelle%20citrine&tag=Bisporella%20citrina&gro=%203
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Habitat: alpine valley, mixed forest edge, dominant Fagus sylvatica, Picea abies, Ostrya carprinifolia, Larix decidua, Fraxinus ornus, Fraxinus excelsior, Corylus avellana; modestly southeast inclined mountain slope, calcareous ground (overgrown old scree, rocks and boulders), limestone bedrock, relatively dry and warm place, partly sunny, exposed to direct rain, average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 7-9 deg C, elevation 600 m (1.950 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. - Substratum: dead, thin branches of Larix decidua still attached to the tree. - Comments: Several fruit bodies on several branches were found. The determination seems to me quite certain in spite of the fact that there exists many species in genus. L. occidentalis has relatively large spores, which, together with the substratum, much reduces number of options. The only eventual alternative seems to be Lachnellula willcommii. However it has broader spores (8-10 microns) and it is usually associated with Larix decidua cankers. All observed fruitbodies, except one (Figs. 9. and 10.), seem to grow on normal not deformed branches. - Spores smooth. Dimensions: (16.4) 17.8 - 21.8 (24.6) x (4.8) 6 - 7.9 (9.1) microns, Q = (2.2) 2.4 - 3.4 (3.7) ; N = 31; Me = 20 x 7 microns ; Qe = 2.9. Olympus CH20, NEA 100x/1.25, magnification 1.000 x, oil, in water. AmScope MA500 digital camera. Fruit body close up: Novex Trinocular. - Herbarium: Mycotheca and lichen herbarium (LJU-Li) of Slovenian Forestry Institute, Vena pot 2, Ljubljana, Index Herbariorum LJF - References and cited spore dimensions: (1) http://linnet.geog.ubc.ca/Atlas/Atlas.aspx?sciname=Lachnellula%20occidentalis 12-17 x 3.5-6 microns (2) http://nt.ars- grin.gov/taxadescriptions/factsheets/pdfPrintFile.cfm?thisApp=Lachnellulawillkommii 5-8.5 um wide (3) Dichotomous key to Lachnellula (worldwide), (Trichoscyphelloideae, Lachnaceae, Helotiales, Ascomycetes), with a synoptic table of characters (H.O. Baral, Feb. 2000, with updates until 2008, unpublished) available at 'In vivo veritas' Baral 14(16-22)24/7-8(9,5) (4) http://www.ascofrance.com/forum/21908/lachnellula-on-larix 16.3-20.8 X 5.6-7.1 (5) http://www.natur-in-nrw.de/HTML/Pilze/Ascomycota/PAS-175.html (13) 17-20 (24) x 5-8 m, (6) J. Breitenbach, F. Kraenzlin, Eds., Fungi of Switzerland, Vol.xx. Verlag Mykologia (1984), p 196. 12-17/3,5-6. (7) L. Hanse and H. Knudsen, Nordic Macromycetes cited in Ref.: (4) 18-20 X 7-9 m
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Habitat: alpine valley, mixed forest edge, dominant Fagus sylvatica, Picea abies, Ostrya carprinifolia, Fraxinus ornus, Fraxinus excelsior, Corylus avellana, modestly southeast inclined mountain slope, calcareous ground (overgrown old scree, rock and boulders), limestone bedrock, relatively dry and warm place, partly sunny, exposed to direct rain, average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 7-9 deg C, elevation 600 m (1.950 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. - Substratum: dead, thin, very small piece of Picea abies branch loosely lying on rocky ground. - Comments: This seems to be a rare observation. There are more than 30 species in Genus Lachnellula, which are not easy to determine to species level. By luck L. splendens has unique spores, so I hope my determination is correct. Lachnellulas seem to be associated with Larix decidua canker and therefore an economically important genus. - Growing in a group of four fruit bodies on a single small branch. I have been trying hard to find some more fruit bodies, but with no success. Pileus diameter 1.2 (SD = 0.3) mm, n = 4, hairs length: 117 (SD = 23) μ, n = 6. - Spores smooth with many small oil drops. Dimensions: 28.9 (SD = 2.3) x 6.4 (SD = 0.5) μ, Q = 4.53 (SD = 0.5), n = 30. Asci dimensions: 145.6 (SD = 11.8) x 15.2 (SD = 1.6) μ, n = 12, with thin apical thickening. Paraphyses width: 1.9 (SD = 0.2) μ (minimum) and 4.7 (SD = 0.5) μ (at the apex), n = 12.Olymus CH20, Olympus NEA 40x/0.65, 400x and Olympus NEA 10x/0.25, 100 x (hairs), in water. AmScope MA500 digital camera. - Herbarium: Mycotheca and lichen herbarium (LJU-Li) of Slovenian Forestry Institute, Večna pot 2, Ljubljana, Index Herbariorum LJF - Ref.: (1) Dichotomous Key to Lachnellula (worldwide) (Trichoscyphelloideae, Lachnaceae, Helotiales, Ascomycetes), with a synoptic table of characters (H.O. Baral, Feb. 2000, with updates until 2008), unpublished(21,5-)23-30(-35) x (5,5-)5,8-6,5(-7,5) m (2) http://www.nahuby.sk/obrazok_detail.php?obrazok_id=414710&poradie=2&form_hash=605e69b1437ab3b9bc1d397470c6fbf825-32/6-7 (3) H. Kahr, W. Maurer, Ch. Scheuer, D. Friesacher and A., Die Haarbecherchen (Lachnellula-Arten) der Steiermark,JoanneaBotanik, 7 (2009), pp 6388 (21,5)2330(35) (5)5,56,5(7,5) μm (4)H.O. Baral & O.Baral, G.Marson, In vivo veritas, Hypocreales, 2 x CD, 2nd edition (2003)
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Slo.: elatinka - Habitat: Mixed, predominantly hardwood woodland, cretaceous clastic rock (flysh), rain protected by trees canopies, in shade, precipitations ~3.000 mm/year, average temperature 8-10 deg C, elevation 450 m (1.500 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. - Substratum: Fallen and much rotten log of a deciduous tree, probably Fagus sylvatica. - Ref.: M.Bon, Pareys Buch der Pilze, Kosmos (2005), p 332. D.Arora, Mushrooms Demystified, Ten Speed Press, Berkeley (1986), pp 877. http://www.rogersmushrooms.com/gallery/DisplayBlock~bid~5574~source~gallerychooserresult.asp . http://www.messiah.edu/Oakes/fungi_on_wood/jelly%20fungi/species%20pages/Ascocoryne%20sarcoides.htm .
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Slo.: pecljata plitvica - Habitat: Mixed woodland, nearly flat ground, cretaceous clastic rock (flysh), partly protected from direct rain by trees canopies, mostly in shade, humid place, average precipitations ~3.000 mm/year, average temperature 8-10 deg C, altitude 435 m (1.450 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. - Substratum: rotten petioles of Acer sp. leaves from last year. - Comments: Substrate specific species, yet not completely certain determination. Stalks seem a bit short. Growing in groups of many species, several hundred around. Pileus diameter about 1-3 mm. - Ref.: (1) http://www.bio.uio.no/bot/ascomycetes/Taxa/Rutstroemia.html . (2) M.Bon, Parey's Buch der Pilze, Kosmos (2005), p 332. (3) J.Breitenbach, F.Kraenzlin, Eds., Fungi of Switzerland, Vol.1. Ascomycetes, Verlag Mykologia (1984), p 144.
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Slo.: vijoliasta elatinka - Habitat: Beach wood, steep southeast faced mountain slope, calcareous ground, in shade and protected from direct rain by tree canopies, average precipitations ~3.000 mm/year, average temperature 6-8 deg C, elevation 700 m (2.300 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. - Substratum: rotten trunk of a large Fagus sylvatica laying on ground. - Comment: About 2.5 cm (1 inch) across.
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Slo.: gomoljasta zalogarica - Habitat: light, predominantly hard wood forest, next to a small stream, humid place in half shade; thick, sandy clay ground, ground coverage includes Anemone nemorosa, Crocus vernus, Petasites albus, Petasites paradoxus, Mercuralis perennis, Primula vulgaris, Chrysosplenium alternifolius, Lathraea squamaria, Galanthus nivalis, Oxalis accetosella, Rubus sp., etc., partly protected from direct rain by tree canopies, average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 8-10 deg C, elevation 465 m (1.500 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. - Substratum: soil. - Comments: Associated with Anemone nemorosa; growing scattered solitary and in groups of several sporocarps, hundreds of sporocarps present, species, pileus diameter 1-2 cm, stem disproportionally long up to 8 cm, thin, fleshy, rubbery with small black (white inside) sclerotium at the end, sclerotium 412 mm long, at several, particularly smaller ones, sporocarps I was unable to find it; smell indistinctive, sporocarp flesh not brittle; SP whitish, abundant. Considered as a relatively rare species. - Spores smooth. Dimensions: 15.8 (SD = 1.6) x 7.8 (SD = 0.6) μ, Q = 2.03 (SD = 0.21), n = 28. Olympus CH20, NEA 100x/1.25, magnification 1.000 x, oil, in water, Congo red. AmScope MA500 digital camera. Asci dimensions: 126 (SD = 9.8) x 10.0 (SD = 1.0) μ, n = 14. Olympus CH20, NEA 40x, magnification 400, in water, Congo red. AmScope MA500 digital. Herbarium: Mycotheca and lichen herbarium (LJU-Li) of Slovenian Forestry Institute, Večna pot 2, Ljubljana, Index Herbariorum LJF - Ref.: (1) http://www.rogersmushrooms.com/gallery/DisplayBlock~bid~6772~source~gallerychooserresult.asp (2) R.M. Daehncke, 1200 Pilze in Farbfotos, AT Verlag (2009), p 1147. (3) http://www.cybertruffle.org.uk/cyberliber/59575/0009/002/0433.htm (4) http://www.wildaboutbritain.co.uk/dumontinia-tuberosa (5) Personal communication with Mr. Bojan Rot . Id'ed by Mr. Bojan Rot.
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Slo.: rumena dvotroska - Habitat: In mixed alpine forest, dominant Fagus sylvatica with some Picea abies and Abies alba; east oriented mountain slope, calcareous bedrock however apparently acid soil (Vaccinium myrtillus); mostly in shade, partly protected from direct rain by tree canopies, average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 2-4 deg C, elevation 1.470 m (4.800 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. - Substratum: fallen, debarked trunk probably of Fagus sylvatica. - Spores smooth. Dimensions: 10.4 (SD = 1.1) x 4.3 (SD = 0.4) μ, Q = 2.39 (SD = 0.14), n = 18. Olympus CH20, NEA 100x/1.25, magnification 1.000 x, oil, in water. AmScope MA500 digital camera. - Comments: Pileus diameter less than 2 mm; SP whitish-yellow, faint. - Herbarium: Mycotheca and lichen herbarium (LJU-Li) of Slovenian Forestry Institute, Večna pot 2, Ljubljana - Ref.: (1) M.Bon, Parey's Buch der Pilze, Kosmos (2005), p 332. (2) R.Phillips, Mushrooms, Macmillan (2006), p 371. (3) R.Lueder, Grundkurs Pilzbestimmung, Quelle & Meyer (2008), p 144. (4) http://www.mycoquebec.org/bas.php?trie=B&l=l&nom=Bisporella%20citrina%20/%20Bisporelle%20citrine&tag=Bisporella%20citrina&gro=%203
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Habitat: alpine valley, mixed forest edge, dominant Fagus sylvatica, Picea abies, Ostrya carprinifolia, Larix decidua, Fraxinus ornus, Fraxinus excelsior, Corylus avellana; modestly southeast inclined mountain slope, calcareous ground (overgrown old scree, rocks and boulders), limestone bedrock, relatively dry and warm place, partly sunny, exposed to direct rain, average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 7-9 deg C, elevation 600 m (1.950 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. - Substratum: dead, thin branches of Larix decidua still attached to the tree. - Comments: Several fruit bodies on several branches were found. The determination seems to me quite certain in spite of the fact that there exists many species in genus. L. occidentalis has relatively large spores, which, together with the substratum, much reduces number of options. The only eventual alternative seems to be Lachnellula willcommii. However it has broader spores (8-10 microns) and it is usually associated with Larix decidua cankers. All observed fruitbodies, except one (Figs. 9. and 10.), seem to grow on normal not deformed branches. - Spores smooth. Dimensions: (16.4) 17.8 - 21.8 (24.6) x (4.8) 6 - 7.9 (9.1) microns, Q = (2.2) 2.4 - 3.4 (3.7) ; N = 31; Me = 20 x 7 microns ; Qe = 2.9. Olympus CH20, NEA 100x/1.25, magnification 1.000 x, oil, in water. AmScope MA500 digital camera. Fruit body close up: Novex Trinocular. - Herbarium: Mycotheca and lichen herbarium (LJU-Li) of Slovenian Forestry Institute, Vena pot 2, Ljubljana, Index Herbariorum LJF - References and cited spore dimensions: (1) http://linnet.geog.ubc.ca/Atlas/Atlas.aspx?sciname=Lachnellula%20occidentalis 12-17 x 3.5-6 microns (2) http://nt.ars- grin.gov/taxadescriptions/factsheets/pdfPrintFile.cfm?thisApp=Lachnellulawillkommii 5-8.5 um wide (3) Dichotomous key to Lachnellula (worldwide), (Trichoscyphelloideae, Lachnaceae, Helotiales, Ascomycetes), with a synoptic table of characters (H.O. Baral, Feb. 2000, with updates until 2008, unpublished) available at 'In vivo veritas' Baral 14(16-22)24/7-8(9,5) (4) http://www.ascofrance.com/forum/21908/lachnellula-on-larix 16.3-20.8 X 5.6-7.1 (5) http://www.natur-in-nrw.de/HTML/Pilze/Ascomycota/PAS-175.html (13) 17-20 (24) x 5-8 m, (6) J. Breitenbach, F. Kraenzlin, Eds., Fungi of Switzerland, Vol.xx. Verlag Mykologia (1984), p 196. 12-17/3,5-6. (7) L. Hanse and H. Knudsen, Nordic Macromycetes cited in Ref.: (4) 18-20 X 7-9 m