Nettle Leaf Mullein

Slo.: avstrijski lunik - syn.: Verbascum austriacum Roem. & Schult - Habitat: abandoned alpine pasture partly overgrown with bushes; moderately inclined foot of a mountain, southeast aspect; calcareous, skeletal, colluvial ground, sparsely overgrown with grasses; sunny, dry and warm place; elevation 615 m (2.020 feet); average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 7-9 deg C, alpine phytogeographical region. Comment: Taxonomic status of Verbascum chaixii spp. austriacum is not yet agreed upon. Most sources consider it as a subspecies of Verbascum chaixii s.lat. (a parallel to Verbascum chaixii spp. chaixii), some treat it on species level. This East European plant can be over one meter tall.Species Verbascum chaixii spp. austriacum has a few traits, which make its identification among (other twelve Verbascum species growing in Slovenia) not difficult. Ground leaves are stalked and cuneate (wedge-shaped, tapering to a point at the base) with crenate (not sharply toothed) edge, stalk leaves are lanceolate, all stamens in a flower are of equal length and shape and are conspicuous hairy. Hairs are violet and bearing noticeably thicker ends like a kind of glands (see picture no.9). Sometimes and superficially the plant looks very similar to much more common Dark mullein (Verbascum nigrum). However the latter has no 'glands' on stamens' hairs and its ground leaves are cordate (heart-shaped, with the notch) or at least rounded at the base. Also flowers stalks are longer (5-12 mm), while flowers of Verbascum chaixii spp. austriacum have only 3-5 mm long stalks.Herbarium: Herbarij Biolokega Intituta Jovan Hadi, SRC ZASU, Index Herbariorum LJS.Ref.:(1) M.A. Fischer, W. Adler, K. Oswald, Exkursionsflora fr sterreich, Liechtenstein und Sdtirol, LO Landesmuseen, Linz, Austria (2005), p 722.(2) A. Martini et all., Mala Flora Slovenije (Flora of Slovenia - Key) (in Slovenian), Tehnina Zaloba Slovenije (2007), p 549. (3) D. Aeschimann, K. Lauber, D.M. Moser, J.P. Theurillat, Flora Alpina, Vol. 2., Haupt (2004), p 194.

Slo.: avstrijski lunik - syn.: Verbascum austriacum Roem. & Schult - Habitat: abandoned alpine pasture partly overgrown with bushes; moderately inclined foot of a mountain, southeast aspect; calcareous, skeletal, colluvial ground, sparsely overgrown with grasses; sunny, dry and warm place; elevation 615 m (2.020 feet); average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 7-9 deg C, alpine phytogeographical region. Comment: Taxonomic status of Verbascum chaixii spp. austriacum is not yet agreed upon. Most sources consider it as a subspecies of Verbascum chaixii s.lat. (a parallel to Verbascum chaixii spp. chaixii), some treat it on species level. This East European plant can be over one meter tall. Species Verbascum chaixii spp. austriacum has a few traits, which make its identification among (other twelve Verbascum species growing in Slovenia) not difficult. Ground leaves are stalked and cuneate (wedge-shaped, tapering to a point at the base) with crenate (not sharply toothed) edge, stalk leaves are lanceolate, all stamens in a flower are of equal length and shape and are conspicuous hairy. Hairs are violet and bearing noticeably thicker ends like a kind of glands (see picture no.9). Sometimes and superficially the plant looks very similar to much more common Dark mullein (Verbascum nigrum). However the latter has no 'glands' on stamens' hairs and its ground leaves are cordate (heart-shaped, with the notch) or at least rounded at the base. Also flowers stalks are longer (5-12 mm), while flowers of Verbascum chaixii spp. austriacum have only 3-5 mm long stalks. Herbarium: Herbarij Biolokega Intituta Jovan Hadi, SRC ZASU, Index Herbariorum LJS. Ref.: (1) M.A. Fischer, W. Adler, K. Oswald, Exkursionsflora fr sterreich, Liechtenstein und Sdtirol, LO Landesmuseen, Linz, Austria (2005), p 722. (2) A. Martini et all., Mala Flora Slovenije (Flora of Slovenia - Key) (in Slovenian), Tehnina Zaloba Slovenije (2007), p 549. (3) D. Aeschimann, K. Lauber, D.M. Moser, J.P. Theurillat, Flora Alpina, Vol. 2., Haupt (2004), p 194.

Slo.: avstrijski lunik - syn.: Verbascum austriacum Roem. & Schult - Habitat: abandoned alpine pasture partly overgrown with bushes; moderately inclined foot of a mountain, southeast aspect; calcareous, skeletal, colluvial ground, sparsely overgrown with grasses; sunny, dry and warm place; elevation 615 m (2.020 feet); average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 7-9 deg C, alpine phytogeographical region. Comment: Taxonomic status of Verbascum chaixii spp. austriacum is not yet agreed upon. Most sources consider it as a subspecies of Verbascum chaixii s.lat. (a parallel to Verbascum chaixii spp. chaixii), some treat it on species level. This East European plant can be over one meter tall. Species Verbascum chaixii spp. austriacum has a few traits, which make its identification among (other twelve Verbascum species growing in Slovenia) not difficult. Ground leaves are stalked and cuneate (wedge-shaped, tapering to a point at the base) with crenate (not sharply toothed) edge, stalk leaves are lanceolate, all stamens in a flower are of equal length and shape and are conspicuous hairy. Hairs are violet and bearing noticeably thicker ends like a kind of glands (see picture no.9). Sometimes and superficially the plant looks very similar to much more common Dark mullein (Verbascum nigrum). However the latter has no 'glands' on stamens' hairs and its ground leaves are cordate (heart-shaped, with the notch) or at least rounded at the base. Also flowers stalks are longer (5-12 mm), while flowers of Verbascum chaixii spp. austriacum have only 3-5 mm long stalks. Herbarium: Herbarij Biolokega Intituta Jovan Hadi, SRC ZASU, Index Herbariorum LJS. Ref.: (1) M.A. Fischer, W. Adler, K. Oswald, Exkursionsflora fr sterreich, Liechtenstein und Sdtirol, LO Landesmuseen, Linz, Austria (2005), p 722. (2) A. Martini et all., Mala Flora Slovenije (Flora of Slovenia - Key) (in Slovenian), Tehnina Zaloba Slovenije (2007), p 549. (3) D. Aeschimann, K. Lauber, D.M. Moser, J.P. Theurillat, Flora Alpina, Vol. 2., Haupt (2004), p 194.

Slo.: avstrijski lunik - syn.: Verbascum austriacum Roem. & Schult - Habitat: abandoned alpine pasture partly overgrown with bushes; moderately inclined foot of a mountain, southeast aspect; calcareous, skeletal, colluvial ground, sparsely overgrown with grasses; sunny, dry and warm place; elevation 615 m (2.020 feet); average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 7-9 deg C, alpine phytogeographical region. Comment: Taxonomic status of Verbascum chaixii spp. austriacum is not yet agreed upon. Most sources consider it as a subspecies of Verbascum chaixii s.lat. (a parallel to Verbascum chaixii spp. chaixii), some treat it on species level. This East European plant can be over one meter tall. Species Verbascum chaixii spp. austriacum has a few traits, which make its identification among (other twelve Verbascum species growing in Slovenia) not difficult. Ground leaves are stalked and cuneate (wedge-shaped, tapering to a point at the base) with crenate (not sharply toothed) edge, stalk leaves are lanceolate, all stamens in a flower are of equal length and shape and are conspicuous hairy. Hairs are violet and bearing noticeably thicker ends like a kind of glands (see picture no.9). Sometimes and superficially the plant looks very similar to much more common Dark mullein (Verbascum nigrum). However the latter has no 'glands' on stamens' hairs and its ground leaves are cordate (heart-shaped, with the notch) or at least rounded at the base. Also flowers stalks are longer (5-12 mm), while flowers of Verbascum chaixii spp. austriacum have only 3-5 mm long stalks. Herbarium: Herbarij Biolokega Intituta Jovan Hadi, SRC ZASU, Index Herbariorum LJS. Ref.: (1) M.A. Fischer, W. Adler, K. Oswald, Exkursionsflora fr sterreich, Liechtenstein und Sdtirol, LO Landesmuseen, Linz, Austria (2005), p 722. (2) A. Martini et all., Mala Flora Slovenije (Flora of Slovenia - Key) (in Slovenian), Tehnina Zaloba Slovenije (2007), p 549. (3) D. Aeschimann, K. Lauber, D.M. Moser, J.P. Theurillat, Flora Alpina, Vol. 2., Haupt (2004), p 194.

Slo.: avstrijski lunik - syn.: Verbascum austriacum Roem. & Schult - Habitat: abandoned alpine pasture partly overgrown with bushes; moderately inclined foot of a mountain, southeast aspect; calcareous, skeletal, colluvial ground, sparsely overgrown with grasses; sunny, dry and warm place; elevation 615 m (2.020 feet); average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 7-9 deg C, alpine phytogeographical region. Comment: Taxonomic status of Verbascum chaixii spp. austriacum is not yet agreed upon. Most sources consider it as a subspecies of Verbascum chaixii s.lat. (a parallel to Verbascum chaixii spp. chaixii), some treat it on species level. This East European plant can be over one meter tall. Species Verbascum chaixii spp. austriacum has a few traits, which make its identification among (other twelve Verbascum species growing in Slovenia) not difficult. Ground leaves are stalked and cuneate (wedge-shaped, tapering to a point at the base) with crenate (not sharply toothed) edge, stalk leaves are lanceolate, all stamens in a flower are of equal length and shape and are conspicuous hairy. Hairs are violet and bearing noticeably thicker ends like a kind of glands (see picture no.9). Sometimes and superficially the plant looks very similar to much more common Dark mullein (Verbascum nigrum). However the latter has no 'glands' on stamens' hairs and its ground leaves are cordate (heart-shaped, with the notch) or at least rounded at the base. Also flowers stalks are longer (5-12 mm), while flowers of Verbascum chaixii spp. austriacum have only 3-5 mm long stalks. Herbarium: Herbarij Biolokega Intituta Jovan Hadi, SRC ZASU, Index Herbariorum LJS. Ref.: (1) M.A. Fischer, W. Adler, K. Oswald, Exkursionsflora fr sterreich, Liechtenstein und Sdtirol, LO Landesmuseen, Linz, Austria (2005), p 722. (2) A. Martini et all., Mala Flora Slovenije (Flora of Slovenia - Key) (in Slovenian), Tehnina Zaloba Slovenije (2007), p 549. (3) D. Aeschimann, K. Lauber, D.M. Moser, J.P. Theurillat, Flora Alpina, Vol. 2., Haupt (2004), p 194.

Slo.: avstrijski lunik - syn.: Verbascum austriacum Roem. & Schult - Habitat: abandoned alpine pasture partly overgrown with bushes; moderately inclined foot of a mountain, southeast aspect; calcareous, skeletal, colluvial ground, sparsely overgrown with grasses; sunny, dry and warm place; elevation 615 m (2.020 feet); average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 7-9 deg C, alpine phytogeographical region. Comment: Taxonomic status of Verbascum chaixii spp. austriacum is not yet agreed upon. Most sources consider it as a subspecies of Verbascum chaixii s.lat. (a parallel to Verbascum chaixii spp. chaixii), some treat it on species level. This East European plant can be over one meter tall. Species Verbascum chaixii spp. austriacum has a few traits, which make its identification among (other twelve Verbascum species growing in Slovenia) not difficult. Ground leaves are stalked and cuneate (wedge-shaped, tapering to a point at the base) with crenate (not sharply toothed) edge, stalk leaves are lanceolate, all stamens in a flower are of equal length and shape and are conspicuous hairy. Hairs are violet and bearing noticeably thicker ends like a kind of glands (see picture no.9). Sometimes and superficially the plant looks very similar to much more common Dark mullein (Verbascum nigrum). However the latter has no 'glands' on stamens' hairs and its ground leaves are cordate (heart-shaped, with the notch) or at least rounded at the base. Also flowers stalks are longer (5-12 mm), while flowers of Verbascum chaixii spp. austriacum have only 3-5 mm long stalks. Herbarium: Herbarij Biolokega Intituta Jovan Hadi, SRC ZASU, Index Herbariorum LJS. Ref.: (1) M.A. Fischer, W. Adler, K. Oswald, Exkursionsflora fr sterreich, Liechtenstein und Sdtirol, LO Landesmuseen, Linz, Austria (2005), p 722. (2) A. Martini et all., Mala Flora Slovenije (Flora of Slovenia - Key) (in Slovenian), Tehnina Zaloba Slovenije (2007), p 549. (3) D. Aeschimann, K. Lauber, D.M. Moser, J.P. Theurillat, Flora Alpina, Vol. 2., Haupt (2004), p 194.

Slo.: avstrijski lunik - syn.: Verbascum austriacum Roem. & Schult - Habitat: abandoned alpine pasture partly overgrown with bushes; moderately inclined foot of a mountain, southeast aspect; calcareous, skeletal, colluvial ground, sparsely overgrown with grasses; sunny, dry and warm place; elevation 615 m (2.020 feet); average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 7-9 deg C, alpine phytogeographical region. Comment: Taxonomic status of Verbascum chaixii spp. austriacum is not yet agreed upon. Most sources consider it as a subspecies of Verbascum chaixii s.lat. (a parallel to Verbascum chaixii spp. chaixii), some treat it on species level. This East European plant can be over one meter tall. Species Verbascum chaixii spp. austriacum has a few traits, which make its identification among (other twelve Verbascum species growing in Slovenia) not difficult. Ground leaves are stalked and cuneate (wedge-shaped, tapering to a point at the base) with crenate (not sharply toothed) edge, stalk leaves are lanceolate, all stamens in a flower are of equal length and shape and are conspicuous hairy. Hairs are violet and bearing noticeably thicker ends like a kind of glands (see picture no.9). Sometimes and superficially the plant looks very similar to much more common Dark mullein (Verbascum nigrum). However the latter has no 'glands' on stamens' hairs and its ground leaves are cordate (heart-shaped, with the notch) or at least rounded at the base. Also flowers stalks are longer (5-12 mm), while flowers of Verbascum chaixii spp. austriacum have only 3-5 mm long stalks. Herbarium: Herbarij Biolokega Intituta Jovan Hadi, SRC ZASU, Index Herbariorum LJS. Ref.: (1) M.A. Fischer, W. Adler, K. Oswald, Exkursionsflora fr sterreich, Liechtenstein und Sdtirol, LO Landesmuseen, Linz, Austria (2005), p 722. (2) A. Martini et all., Mala Flora Slovenije (Flora of Slovenia - Key) (in Slovenian), Tehnina Zaloba Slovenije (2007), p 549. (3) D. Aeschimann, K. Lauber, D.M. Moser, J.P. Theurillat, Flora Alpina, Vol. 2., Haupt (2004), p 194.

Verbascum chaixii s.lat. Vill.Chaix's Mulleins, DE: Chaix' Koenigskertze (ref.: 2), sterreich-Koenigskertze (ref.: 3), CR: avstrijska divizmaSlo.: Chaixov lunik / avstrijski lunikDat.: June 28. 2015Lat.: 45.09907 Long.: 14.46990Code: Bot_894/2015_IMG8704Picture file names: from Verbascum-chaixii_raw_1 to Verbascum-chaixii_raw_7.Habitat: Dirt road side, semi-ruderal place, small open place among bushes and low trees, calcareous ground, almost flat terrain, half sunny and dry place; near sea shore; exposed to direct rain, average precipitations 1.000 - 1.200 mm/year, average temperature 13-15 deg C, elevation 8 m (25 feet), Mediterranean phytogeographical region. Substratum: sandy soil.Place: West island Krk, near boat anchorage of the village Poljice, Adriatic Sea, Kvarner bay, Croatia EC. Comment: Genus Verbascum is quite difficult for proper determination. It is large, complex and hybrid plants are common. In addition, authors have different approaches to its taxonomy. This situation manifests also in the determination difficulties of the plants photographed. Nevertheless, I am almost certain that they belong to the group Verbascum chaixii s.lat. because of stalked, oval-oblong toothed basal leaves, proper length of flower stalks and equally long stamens with violet hairy filaments. Also habitat supports this assumption. This plant group is widely distributed and grows in the Alps (excluding northern regions) and other European mountains and lowlands including Balkan Peninsula (Ref.: 2). In the literature two subspecies are described: Verbascum chaixii ssp. chaixii and Verbascum chaixii ssp. austriacum. Some authors treat the latter on species level as Verbascum austriacum (Refs.: 1 and 4). With some exceptions the traits of the plants found correspond well to Verbascum chaixii ssp. chaixii. Particularly slightly lobed basal part of (some) ground leaves is an important distinguishing trait between both subspecies (Ref.: 3 and 1). Alternative Verbascum chaixii ssp. austriacum should have uniformly shaped leaves without any lobes. Contrary to this, the shape of basal leaf teeth (rounded) corresponds better to Verbascum chaixii ssp. austriacum. But, cross-section through the branches of inflorescence is not round, as it should be for Verbascum chaixii ssp. austriacum (Ref.: 4) but it is distinctly angulate. Confuses also the fact that Ref.: 5. (refers to whole Mediterranean region, which includes island Krk) lists only Verbascum chaixii ssp. chaixii (syn.: Verbascum chaixii s.str.), while Ref.: 4. (refers to territory of Croatia, which also includes island Krk) lists only Verbascum austriacum (syn.: Verbascum chaixii ssp. austriacum). Flora Croatica Database (Ref.: 6) shows no observations of either of both subspecies. Anyway, it seems that these plants are somewhere in-between both alternative subspecies. Such plants are mentioned also in Ref.: 3 and grow in South Tyrol region in Austria. Five or six plants were growing at the place where I found them.Ref.:(1) A.Martini et all., Mala Flora Slovenije, Tehnina Zaloba Slovenije (2007) (in Slovenian), p 549. (2) D. Aeschimann, K. Lauber, D.M. Moser, J.P. Theurillat, Flora Alpina, Vol. 2., Haupt (2004), p 194.(3) M.A. Fischer, W. Adler, K. Oswald, Exkursionsflora sterreich Liechtenstein, Sdtirol, LO Landesmuseen, Linz, Austria (2005), p 722.(4) R. Domac, Flora Hrvatske, Prirunik za odreivanje bilja (Flora of Croatia, Manual for plant determination), Manualia Universitatis Studiorum Zagrabiensis, kolska knjiga (2002), p 271.(5) M. Blamey, C. Grey-Wilson, Wild Flowers of the Mediterranean, A & C Black, London (2004), p409.(6) Flora Croatica Database, Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, FER-ZRP, University of Zagreb

Verbascum chaixii s.lat. Vill.Chaix's Mulleins, DE: Chaix' Koenigskertze (ref.: 2), sterreich-Koenigskertze (ref.: 3), CR: avstrijska divizmaSlo.: Chaixov lunik / avstrijski lunikDat.: June 28. 2015Lat.: 45.09907 Long.: 14.46990Code: Bot_894/2015_IMG8704Picture file names: from Verbascum-chaixii_raw_1 to Verbascum-chaixii_raw_7.Habitat: Dirt road side, semi-ruderal place, small open place among bushes and low trees, calcareous ground, almost flat terrain, half sunny and dry place; near sea shore; exposed to direct rain, average precipitations 1.000 - 1.200 mm/year, average temperature 13-15 deg C, elevation 8 m (25 feet), Mediterranean phytogeographical region. Substratum: sandy soil.Place: West island Krk, near boat anchorage of the village Poljice, Adriatic Sea, Kvarner bay, Croatia EC. Comment: Genus Verbascum is quite difficult for proper determination. It is large, complex and hybrid plants are common. In addition, authors have different approaches to its taxonomy. This situation manifests also in the determination difficulties of the plants photographed. Nevertheless, I am almost certain that they belong to the group Verbascum chaixii s.lat. because of stalked, oval-oblong toothed basal leaves, proper length of flower stalks and equally long stamens with violet hairy filaments. Also habitat supports this assumption. This plant group is widely distributed and grows in the Alps (excluding northern regions) and other European mountains and lowlands including Balkan Peninsula (Ref.: 2). In the literature two subspecies are described: Verbascum chaixii ssp. chaixii and Verbascum chaixii ssp. austriacum. Some authors treat the latter on species level as Verbascum austriacum (Refs.: 1 and 4). With some exceptions the traits of the plants found correspond well to Verbascum chaixii ssp. chaixii. Particularly slightly lobed basal part of (some) ground leaves is an important distinguishing trait between both subspecies (Ref.: 3 and 1). Alternative Verbascum chaixii ssp. austriacum should have uniformly shaped leaves without any lobes. Contrary to this, the shape of basal leaf teeth (rounded) corresponds better to Verbascum chaixii ssp. austriacum. But, cross-section through the branches of inflorescence is not round, as it should be for Verbascum chaixii ssp. austriacum (Ref.: 4) but it is distinctly angulate. Confuses also the fact that Ref.: 5. (refers to whole Mediterranean region, which includes island Krk) lists only Verbascum chaixii ssp. chaixii (syn.: Verbascum chaixii s.str.), while Ref.: 4. (refers to territory of Croatia, which also includes island Krk) lists only Verbascum austriacum (syn.: Verbascum chaixii ssp. austriacum). Flora Croatica Database (Ref.: 6) shows no observations of either of both subspecies. Anyway, it seems that these plants are somewhere in-between both alternative subspecies. Such plants are mentioned also in Ref.: 3 and grow in South Tyrol region in Austria. Five or six plants were growing at the place where I found them.Ref.:(1) A.Martini et all., Mala Flora Slovenije, Tehnina Zaloba Slovenije (2007) (in Slovenian), p 549. (2) D. Aeschimann, K. Lauber, D.M. Moser, J.P. Theurillat, Flora Alpina, Vol. 2., Haupt (2004), p 194.(3) M.A. Fischer, W. Adler, K. Oswald, Exkursionsflora sterreich Liechtenstein, Sdtirol, LO Landesmuseen, Linz, Austria (2005), p 722.(4) R. Domac, Flora Hrvatske, Prirunik za odreivanje bilja (Flora of Croatia, Manual for plant determination), Manualia Universitatis Studiorum Zagrabiensis, kolska knjiga (2002), p 271.(5) M. Blamey, C. Grey-Wilson, Wild Flowers of the Mediterranean, A & C Black, London (2004), p409.(6) Flora Croatica Database, Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, FER-ZRP, University of Zagreb

Slo.: avstrijski lunik - syn.: Verbascum austriacum Roem. & Schult - Habitat: abandoned alpine pasture partly overgrown with bushes; moderately inclined foot of a mountain, southeast aspect; calcareous, skeletal, colluvial ground, sparsely overgrown with grasses; sunny, dry and warm place; elevation 615 m (2.020 feet); average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 7-9 deg C, alpine phytogeographical region. Comment: Taxonomic status of Verbascum chaixii spp. austriacum is not yet agreed upon. Most sources consider it as a subspecies of Verbascum chaixii s.lat. (a parallel to Verbascum chaixii spp. chaixii), some treat it on species level. This East European plant can be over one meter tall. Species Verbascum chaixii spp. austriacum has a few traits, which make its identification among (other twelve Verbascum species growing in Slovenia) not difficult. Ground leaves are stalked and cuneate (wedge-shaped, tapering to a point at the base) with crenate (not sharply toothed) edge, stalk leaves are lanceolate, all stamens in a flower are of equal length and shape and are conspicuous hairy. Hairs are violet and bearing noticeably thicker ends like a kind of glands (see picture no.9). Sometimes and superficially the plant looks very similar to much more common Dark mullein (Verbascum nigrum). However the latter has no 'glands' on stamens' hairs and its ground leaves are cordate (heart-shaped, with the notch) or at least rounded at the base. Also flowers stalks are longer (5-12 mm), while flowers of Verbascum chaixii spp. austriacum have only 3-5 mm long stalks. Herbarium: Herbarij Biolokega Intituta Jovan Hadi, SRC ZASU, Index Herbariorum LJS. Ref.: (1) M.A. Fischer, W. Adler, K. Oswald, Exkursionsflora fr sterreich, Liechtenstein und Sdtirol, LO Landesmuseen, Linz, Austria (2005), p 722. (2) A. Martini et all., Mala Flora Slovenije (Flora of Slovenia - Key) (in Slovenian), Tehnina Zaloba Slovenije (2007), p 549. (3) D. Aeschimann, K. Lauber, D.M. Moser, J.P. Theurillat, Flora Alpina, Vol. 2., Haupt (2004), p 194.

Verbascum chaixii s.lat. Vill.Chaix's Mulleins, DE: Chaix' Koenigskertze (ref.: 2), sterreich-Koenigskertze (ref.: 3), CR: avstrijska divizmaSlo.: Chaixov lunik / avstrijski lunikDat.: June 28. 2015Lat.: 45.09907 Long.: 14.46990Code: Bot_894/2015_IMG8704Picture file names: from Verbascum-chaixii_raw_1 to Verbascum-chaixii_raw_7.Habitat: Dirt road side, semi-ruderal place, small open place among bushes and low trees, calcareous ground, almost flat terrain, half sunny and dry place; near sea shore; exposed to direct rain, average precipitations 1.000 - 1.200 mm/year, average temperature 13-15 deg C, elevation 8 m (25 feet), Mediterranean phytogeographical region. Substratum: sandy soil.Place: West island Krk, near boat anchorage of the village Poljice, Adriatic Sea, Kvarner bay, Croatia EC. Comment: Genus Verbascum is quite difficult for proper determination. It is large, complex and hybrid plants are common. In addition, authors have different approaches to its taxonomy. This situation manifests also in the determination difficulties of the plants photographed. Nevertheless, I am almost certain that they belong to the group Verbascum chaixii s.lat. because of stalked, oval-oblong toothed basal leaves, proper length of flower stalks and equally long stamens with violet hairy filaments. Also habitat supports this assumption. This plant group is widely distributed and grows in the Alps (excluding northern regions) and other European mountains and lowlands including Balkan Peninsula (Ref.: 2). In the literature two subspecies are described: Verbascum chaixii ssp. chaixii and Verbascum chaixii ssp. austriacum. Some authors treat the latter on species level as Verbascum austriacum (Refs.: 1 and 4). With some exceptions the traits of the plants found correspond well to Verbascum chaixii ssp. chaixii. Particularly slightly lobed basal part of (some) ground leaves is an important distinguishing trait between both subspecies (Ref.: 3 and 1). Alternative Verbascum chaixii ssp. austriacum should have uniformly shaped leaves without any lobes. Contrary to this, the shape of basal leaf teeth (rounded) corresponds better to Verbascum chaixii ssp. austriacum. But, cross-section through the branches of inflorescence is not round, as it should be for Verbascum chaixii ssp. austriacum (Ref.: 4) but it is distinctly angulate. Confuses also the fact that Ref.: 5. (refers to whole Mediterranean region, which includes island Krk) lists only Verbascum chaixii ssp. chaixii (syn.: Verbascum chaixii s.str.), while Ref.: 4. (refers to territory of Croatia, which also includes island Krk) lists only Verbascum austriacum (syn.: Verbascum chaixii ssp. austriacum). Flora Croatica Database (Ref.: 6) shows no observations of either of both subspecies. Anyway, it seems that these plants are somewhere in-between both alternative subspecies. Such plants are mentioned also in Ref.: 3 and grow in South Tyrol region in Austria. Five or six plants were growing at the place where I found them.Ref.:(1) A.Martini et all., Mala Flora Slovenije, Tehnina Zaloba Slovenije (2007) (in Slovenian), p 549. (2) D. Aeschimann, K. Lauber, D.M. Moser, J.P. Theurillat, Flora Alpina, Vol. 2., Haupt (2004), p 194.(3) M.A. Fischer, W. Adler, K. Oswald, Exkursionsflora sterreich Liechtenstein, Sdtirol, LO Landesmuseen, Linz, Austria (2005), p 722.(4) R. Domac, Flora Hrvatske, Prirunik za odreivanje bilja (Flora of Croatia, Manual for plant determination), Manualia Universitatis Studiorum Zagrabiensis, kolska knjiga (2002), p 271.(5) M. Blamey, C. Grey-Wilson, Wild Flowers of the Mediterranean, A & C Black, London (2004), p409.(6) Flora Croatica Database, Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, FER-ZRP, University of Zagreb

Verbascum chaixii s.lat. Vill.Chaix's Mulleins, DE: Chaix' Koenigskertze (ref.: 2), sterreich-Koenigskertze (ref.: 3), CR: avstrijska divizmaSlo.: Chaixov lunik / avstrijski lunikDat.: June 28. 2015Lat.: 45.09907 Long.: 14.46990Code: Bot_894/2015_IMG8704Picture file names: from Verbascum-chaixii_raw_1 to Verbascum-chaixii_raw_7.Habitat: Dirt road side, semi-ruderal place, small open place among bushes and low trees, calcareous ground, almost flat terrain, half sunny and dry place; near sea shore; exposed to direct rain, average precipitations 1.000 - 1.200 mm/year, average temperature 13-15 deg C, elevation 8 m (25 feet), Mediterranean phytogeographical region. Substratum: sandy soil.Place: West island Krk, near boat anchorage of the village Poljice, Adriatic Sea, Kvarner bay, Croatia EC. Comment: Genus Verbascum is quite difficult for proper determination. It is large, complex and hybrid plants are common. In addition, authors have different approaches to its taxonomy. This situation manifests also in the determination difficulties of the plants photographed. Nevertheless, I am almost certain that they belong to the group Verbascum chaixii s.lat. because of stalked, oval-oblong toothed basal leaves, proper length of flower stalks and equally long stamens with violet hairy filaments. Also habitat supports this assumption. This plant group is widely distributed and grows in the Alps (excluding northern regions) and other European mountains and lowlands including Balkan Peninsula (Ref.: 2). In the literature two subspecies are described: Verbascum chaixii ssp. chaixii and Verbascum chaixii ssp. austriacum. Some authors treat the latter on species level as Verbascum austriacum (Refs.: 1 and 4). With some exceptions the traits of the plants found correspond well to Verbascum chaixii ssp. chaixii. Particularly slightly lobed basal part of (some) ground leaves is an important distinguishing trait between both subspecies (Ref.: 3 and 1). Alternative Verbascum chaixii ssp. austriacum should have uniformly shaped leaves without any lobes. Contrary to this, the shape of basal leaf teeth (rounded) corresponds better to Verbascum chaixii ssp. austriacum. But, cross-section through the branches of inflorescence is not round, as it should be for Verbascum chaixii ssp. austriacum (Ref.: 4) but it is distinctly angulate. Confuses also the fact that Ref.: 5. (refers to whole Mediterranean region, which includes island Krk) lists only Verbascum chaixii ssp. chaixii (syn.: Verbascum chaixii s.str.), while Ref.: 4. (refers to territory of Croatia, which also includes island Krk) lists only Verbascum austriacum (syn.: Verbascum chaixii ssp. austriacum). Flora Croatica Database (Ref.: 6) shows no observations of either of both subspecies. Anyway, it seems that these plants are somewhere in-between both alternative subspecies. Such plants are mentioned also in Ref.: 3 and grow in South Tyrol region in Austria. Five or six plants were growing at the place where I found them.Ref.:(1) A.Martini et all., Mala Flora Slovenije, Tehnina Zaloba Slovenije (2007) (in Slovenian), p 549. (2) D. Aeschimann, K. Lauber, D.M. Moser, J.P. Theurillat, Flora Alpina, Vol. 2., Haupt (2004), p 194.(3) M.A. Fischer, W. Adler, K. Oswald, Exkursionsflora sterreich Liechtenstein, Sdtirol, LO Landesmuseen, Linz, Austria (2005), p 722.(4) R. Domac, Flora Hrvatske, Prirunik za odreivanje bilja (Flora of Croatia, Manual for plant determination), Manualia Universitatis Studiorum Zagrabiensis, kolska knjiga (2002), p 271.(5) M. Blamey, C. Grey-Wilson, Wild Flowers of the Mediterranean, A & C Black, London (2004), p409.(6) Flora Croatica Database, Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, FER-ZRP, University of Zagreb

Slo.: avstrijski lunik - syn.: Verbascum austriacum Roem. & Schult - Habitat: abandoned alpine pasture partly overgrown with bushes; moderately inclined foot of a mountain, southeast aspect; calcareous, skeletal, colluvial ground, sparsely overgrown with grasses; sunny, dry and warm place; elevation 615 m (2.020 feet); average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 7-9 deg C, alpine phytogeographical region. Comment: Taxonomic status of Verbascum chaixii spp. austriacum is not yet agreed upon. Most sources consider it as a subspecies of Verbascum chaixii s.lat. (a parallel to Verbascum chaixii spp. chaixii), some treat it on species level. This East European plant can be over one meter tall. Species Verbascum chaixii spp. austriacum has a few traits, which make its identification among (other twelve Verbascum species growing in Slovenia) not difficult. Ground leaves are stalked and cuneate (wedge-shaped, tapering to a point at the base) with crenate (not sharply toothed) edge, stalk leaves are lanceolate, all stamens in a flower are of equal length and shape and are conspicuous hairy. Hairs are violet and bearing noticeably thicker ends like a kind of glands (see picture no.9). Sometimes and superficially the plant looks very similar to much more common Dark mullein (Verbascum nigrum). However the latter has no 'glands' on stamens' hairs and its ground leaves are cordate (heart-shaped, with the notch) or at least rounded at the base. Also flowers stalks are longer (5-12 mm), while flowers of Verbascum chaixii spp. austriacum have only 3-5 mm long stalks. Herbarium: Herbarij Biolokega Intituta Jovan Hadi, SRC ZASU, Index Herbariorum LJS. Ref.: (1) M.A. Fischer, W. Adler, K. Oswald, Exkursionsflora fr sterreich, Liechtenstein und Sdtirol, LO Landesmuseen, Linz, Austria (2005), p 722. (2) A. Martini et all., Mala Flora Slovenije (Flora of Slovenia - Key) (in Slovenian), Tehnina Zaloba Slovenije (2007), p 549. (3) D. Aeschimann, K. Lauber, D.M. Moser, J.P. Theurillat, Flora Alpina, Vol. 2., Haupt (2004), p 194.

Verbascum chaixii s.lat. Vill.Chaix's Mulleins, DE: Chaix' Koenigskertze (ref.: 2), sterreich-Koenigskertze (ref.: 3), CR: avstrijska divizmaSlo.: Chaixov lunik / avstrijski lunikDat.: June 28. 2015Lat.: 45.09907 Long.: 14.46990Code: Bot_894/2015_IMG8704Picture file names: from Verbascum-chaixii_raw_1 to Verbascum-chaixii_raw_7.Habitat: Dirt road side, semi-ruderal place, small open place among bushes and low trees, calcareous ground, almost flat terrain, half sunny and dry place; near sea shore; exposed to direct rain, average precipitations 1.000 - 1.200 mm/year, average temperature 13-15 deg C, elevation 8 m (25 feet), Mediterranean phytogeographical region. Substratum: sandy soil.Place: West island Krk, near boat anchorage of the village Poljice, Adriatic Sea, Kvarner bay, Croatia EC. Comment: Genus Verbascum is quite difficult for proper determination. It is large, complex and hybrid plants are common. In addition, authors have different approaches to its taxonomy. This situation manifests also in the determination difficulties of the plants photographed. Nevertheless, I am almost certain that they belong to the group Verbascum chaixii s.lat. because of stalked, oval-oblong toothed basal leaves, proper length of flower stalks and equally long stamens with violet hairy filaments. Also habitat supports this assumption. This plant group is widely distributed and grows in the Alps (excluding northern regions) and other European mountains and lowlands including Balkan Peninsula (Ref.: 2). In the literature two subspecies are described: Verbascum chaixii ssp. chaixii and Verbascum chaixii ssp. austriacum. Some authors treat the latter on species level as Verbascum austriacum (Refs.: 1 and 4). With some exceptions the traits of the plants found correspond well to Verbascum chaixii ssp. chaixii. Particularly slightly lobed basal part of (some) ground leaves is an important distinguishing trait between both subspecies (Ref.: 3 and 1). Alternative Verbascum chaixii ssp. austriacum should have uniformly shaped leaves without any lobes. Contrary to this, the shape of basal leaf teeth (rounded) corresponds better to Verbascum chaixii ssp. austriacum. But, cross-section through the branches of inflorescence is not round, as it should be for Verbascum chaixii ssp. austriacum (Ref.: 4) but it is distinctly angulate. Confuses also the fact that Ref.: 5. (refers to whole Mediterranean region, which includes island Krk) lists only Verbascum chaixii ssp. chaixii (syn.: Verbascum chaixii s.str.), while Ref.: 4. (refers to territory of Croatia, which also includes island Krk) lists only Verbascum austriacum (syn.: Verbascum chaixii ssp. austriacum). Flora Croatica Database (Ref.: 6) shows no observations of either of both subspecies. Anyway, it seems that these plants are somewhere in-between both alternative subspecies. Such plants are mentioned also in Ref.: 3 and grow in South Tyrol region in Austria. Five or six plants were growing at the place where I found them.Ref.:(1) A.Martini et all., Mala Flora Slovenije, Tehnina Zaloba Slovenije (2007) (in Slovenian), p 549. (2) D. Aeschimann, K. Lauber, D.M. Moser, J.P. Theurillat, Flora Alpina, Vol. 2., Haupt (2004), p 194.(3) M.A. Fischer, W. Adler, K. Oswald, Exkursionsflora sterreich Liechtenstein, Sdtirol, LO Landesmuseen, Linz, Austria (2005), p 722.(4) R. Domac, Flora Hrvatske, Prirunik za odreivanje bilja (Flora of Croatia, Manual for plant determination), Manualia Universitatis Studiorum Zagrabiensis, kolska knjiga (2002), p 271.(5) M. Blamey, C. Grey-Wilson, Wild Flowers of the Mediterranean, A & C Black, London (2004), p409.(6) Flora Croatica Database, Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, FER-ZRP, University of Zagreb

Verbascum chaixii s.lat. Vill.Chaix's Mulleins, DE: Chaix' Koenigskertze (ref.: 2), sterreich-Koenigskertze (ref.: 3), CR: avstrijska divizmaSlo.: Chaixov lunik / avstrijski lunikDat.: June 28. 2015Lat.: 45.09907 Long.: 14.46990Code: Bot_894/2015_IMG8704Picture file names: from Verbascum-chaixii_raw_1 to Verbascum-chaixii_raw_7.Habitat: Dirt road side, semi-ruderal place, small open place among bushes and low trees, calcareous ground, almost flat terrain, half sunny and dry place; near sea shore; exposed to direct rain, average precipitations 1.000 - 1.200 mm/year, average temperature 13-15 deg C, elevation 8 m (25 feet), Mediterranean phytogeographical region. Substratum: sandy soil.Place: West island Krk, near boat anchorage of the village Poljice, Adriatic Sea, Kvarner bay, Croatia EC. Comment: Genus Verbascum is quite difficult for proper determination. It is large, complex and hybrid plants are common. In addition, authors have different approaches to its taxonomy. This situation manifests also in the determination difficulties of the plants photographed. Nevertheless, I am almost certain that they belong to the group Verbascum chaixii s.lat. because of stalked, oval-oblong toothed basal leaves, proper length of flower stalks and equally long stamens with violet hairy filaments. Also habitat supports this assumption. This plant group is widely distributed and grows in the Alps (excluding northern regions) and other European mountains and lowlands including Balkan Peninsula (Ref.: 2). In the literature two subspecies are described: Verbascum chaixii ssp. chaixii and Verbascum chaixii ssp. austriacum. Some authors treat the latter on species level as Verbascum austriacum (Refs.: 1 and 4). With some exceptions the traits of the plants found correspond well to Verbascum chaixii ssp. chaixii. Particularly slightly lobed basal part of (some) ground leaves is an important distinguishing trait between both subspecies (Ref.: 3 and 1). Alternative Verbascum chaixii ssp. austriacum should have uniformly shaped leaves without any lobes. Contrary to this, the shape of basal leaf teeth (rounded) corresponds better to Verbascum chaixii ssp. austriacum. But, cross-section through the branches of inflorescence is not round, as it should be for Verbascum chaixii ssp. austriacum (Ref.: 4) but it is distinctly angulate. Confuses also the fact that Ref.: 5. (refers to whole Mediterranean region, which includes island Krk) lists only Verbascum chaixii ssp. chaixii (syn.: Verbascum chaixii s.str.), while Ref.: 4. (refers to territory of Croatia, which also includes island Krk) lists only Verbascum austriacum (syn.: Verbascum chaixii ssp. austriacum). Flora Croatica Database (Ref.: 6) shows no observations of either of both subspecies. Anyway, it seems that these plants are somewhere in-between both alternative subspecies. Such plants are mentioned also in Ref.: 3 and grow in South Tyrol region in Austria. Five or six plants were growing at the place where I found them.Ref.:(1) A.Martini et all., Mala Flora Slovenije, Tehnina Zaloba Slovenije (2007) (in Slovenian), p 549. (2) D. Aeschimann, K. Lauber, D.M. Moser, J.P. Theurillat, Flora Alpina, Vol. 2., Haupt (2004), p 194.(3) M.A. Fischer, W. Adler, K. Oswald, Exkursionsflora sterreich Liechtenstein, Sdtirol, LO Landesmuseen, Linz, Austria (2005), p 722.(4) R. Domac, Flora Hrvatske, Prirunik za odreivanje bilja (Flora of Croatia, Manual for plant determination), Manualia Universitatis Studiorum Zagrabiensis, kolska knjiga (2002), p 271.(5) M. Blamey, C. Grey-Wilson, Wild Flowers of the Mediterranean, A & C Black, London (2004), p409.(6) Flora Croatica Database, Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, FER-ZRP, University of Zagreb

Verbascum chaixii s.lat. Vill.Chaix's Mulleins, DE: Chaix' Koenigskertze (ref.: 2), sterreich-Koenigskertze (ref.: 3), CR: avstrijska divizmaSlo.: Chaixov lunik / avstrijski lunikDat.: June 28. 2015Lat.: 45.09907 Long.: 14.46990Code: Bot_894/2015_IMG8704Picture file names: from Verbascum-chaixii_raw_1 to Verbascum-chaixii_raw_7.Habitat: Dirt road side, semi-ruderal place, small open place among bushes and low trees, calcareous ground, almost flat terrain, half sunny and dry place; near sea shore; exposed to direct rain, average precipitations 1.000 - 1.200 mm/year, average temperature 13-15 deg C, elevation 8 m (25 feet), Mediterranean phytogeographical region. Substratum: sandy soil.Place: West island Krk, near boat anchorage of the village Poljice, Adriatic Sea, Kvarner bay, Croatia EC. Comment: Genus Verbascum is quite difficult for proper determination. It is large, complex and hybrid plants are common. In addition, authors have different approaches to its taxonomy. This situation manifests also in the determination difficulties of the plants photographed. Nevertheless, I am almost certain that they belong to the group Verbascum chaixii s.lat. because of stalked, oval-oblong toothed basal leaves, proper length of flower stalks and equally long stamens with violet hairy filaments. Also habitat supports this assumption. This plant group is widely distributed and grows in the Alps (excluding northern regions) and other European mountains and lowlands including Balkan Peninsula (Ref.: 2). In the literature two subspecies are described: Verbascum chaixii ssp. chaixii and Verbascum chaixii ssp. austriacum. Some authors treat the latter on species level as Verbascum austriacum (Refs.: 1 and 4). With some exceptions the traits of the plants found correspond well to Verbascum chaixii ssp. chaixii. Particularly slightly lobed basal part of (some) ground leaves is an important distinguishing trait between both subspecies (Ref.: 3 and 1). Alternative Verbascum chaixii ssp. austriacum should have uniformly shaped leaves without any lobes. Contrary to this, the shape of basal leaf teeth (rounded) corresponds better to Verbascum chaixii ssp. austriacum. But, cross-section through the branches of inflorescence is not round, as it should be for Verbascum chaixii ssp. austriacum (Ref.: 4) but it is distinctly angulate. Confuses also the fact that Ref.: 5. (refers to whole Mediterranean region, which includes island Krk) lists only Verbascum chaixii ssp. chaixii (syn.: Verbascum chaixii s.str.), while Ref.: 4. (refers to territory of Croatia, which also includes island Krk) lists only Verbascum austriacum (syn.: Verbascum chaixii ssp. austriacum). Flora Croatica Database (Ref.: 6) shows no observations of either of both subspecies. Anyway, it seems that these plants are somewhere in-between both alternative subspecies. Such plants are mentioned also in Ref.: 3 and grow in South Tyrol region in Austria. Five or six plants were growing at the place where I found them.Ref.:(1) A.Martini et all., Mala Flora Slovenije, Tehnina Zaloba Slovenije (2007) (in Slovenian), p 549. (2) D. Aeschimann, K. Lauber, D.M. Moser, J.P. Theurillat, Flora Alpina, Vol. 2., Haupt (2004), p 194.(3) M.A. Fischer, W. Adler, K. Oswald, Exkursionsflora sterreich Liechtenstein, Sdtirol, LO Landesmuseen, Linz, Austria (2005), p 722.(4) R. Domac, Flora Hrvatske, Prirunik za odreivanje bilja (Flora of Croatia, Manual for plant determination), Manualia Universitatis Studiorum Zagrabiensis, kolska knjiga (2002), p 271.(5) M. Blamey, C. Grey-Wilson, Wild Flowers of the Mediterranean, A & C Black, London (2004), p409.(6) Flora Croatica Database, Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, FER-ZRP, University of Zagreb

Verbascum chaixii 'Sixten Candles'

Summary[edit] Verbascum chaixii Vill. Artist: Ewen Cameron. Title: Verbascum chaixii Vill. Object type: Classification: 38780 Verbascum chaixii Vill. Date: 01 Apr 2012; 30 Mar 2012. Collection: Auckland War Memorial Museum . . Native name: Tāmaki Paenga Hira. Location: Auckland, New Zealand. Coordinates: 36° 51′ 37″ S, 174° 46′ 40″ E . Established: October 25, 1852. Web page: http://www.aucklandmuseum.com/. Authority control: : Q758657 VIAF: 138202601 ISNI: 0000 0001 2174 295X ULAN: 500281217 LCCN: no99028491 NLA: 35670621 WorldCat. institution QS:P195,Q758657. Accession number: AK330548. Place of creation: Manukau Ecological District. Source/Photographer: API data Catalogue record Photo. Permission(Reusing this file): This image has been released as "CCBY" by Auckland Museum. For details refer to the Commons project page. Other versions: .

The front garden is proving awfully photogenic this year. The Verbascum is one of those plants that seeds about here and there without being a nuisance and always looks good wherever it lands. The Perovskia, in my opinion is much nicer than the more common Blue Spire with better foliage but it's not as vigorous. Also in the picture is some Lavender in the foreground, the ferny foliage of Molopospermum, the yellow flowers of Salvia Amber and some purple Clematis in the background.

Summary[edit] Description: Deutsch: Blütenstand Taxonym: Verbascum chaixii subsp. austriacum ss Fischer et al. EfÖLS 2008 ISBN 978-3-85474-187-9 Fundort: bei Merkersdorf, Bezirk Korneuburg, Niederösterreich - ca. 300 m ü. A. Standort: Halbtrockenrasen English: Inflorescence Taxonym: Verbascum chaixii subsp. austriacum ss Fischer et al. EfÖLS 2008 ISBN 978-3-85474-187-9 Location: near Merkersdorf, district Korneuburg, Lower Austria - ca. 300 m a.s.l. Habitat: semi-dry grassland. Date: 2 July 2016, 11:19:25. Source: Own work. Author: Stefan.lefnaer. Camera location48° 31′ 53.93″ N, 16° 18′ 33.634″ E View all coordinates using: OpenStreetMap 48.531647; 16.309343.

Verbascum chaixii 'Sixten Candles'

Slo.: Chaixov lunik / avstrijski lunik - Habitat: Dirt road side, semi-ruderal place, small open place among bushes and low trees, calcareous ground, almost flat terrain, half sunny and dry place; near sea shore; exposed to direct rain, average precipitations 1.000 - 1.200 mm/year, average temperature 13-15 deg C, elevation 8 m (25 feet), Mediterranean phytogeographical region. - Substratum: sandy soil. - Comment: Genus Verbascum is quite difficult for proper determination. It is large, complex and hybrid plants are common. In addition, authors have different approaches to its taxonomy. This situation manifests also in the determination difficulties of the plants photographed. Nevertheless, I am almost certain that they belong to the group Verbascum chaixii s.lat. because of stalked, oval-oblong toothed basal leaves, proper length of flower stalks and equally long stamens with violet hairy filaments. Also habitat supports this assumption. This plant group is widely distributed and grows in the Alps (excluding northern regions) and other European mountains and lowlands including Balkan Peninsula (Ref.: 2). In the literature two subspecies are described: Verbascum chaixii ssp. chaixii and Verbascum chaixii ssp. austriacum. Some authors treat the latter on species level as Verbascum austriacum (Refs.: 1 and 4). With some exceptions the traits of the plants found correspond well to Verbascum chaixii ssp. chaixii. Particularly slightly lobed basal part of (some) ground leaves is an important distinguishing trait between both subspecies (Ref.: 3 and 1). Alternative Verbascum chaixii ssp. austriacum should have uniformly shaped leaves without any lobes. Contrary to this, the shape of basal leaf teeth (rounded) corresponds better to Verbascum chaixii ssp. austriacum. But, cross-section through the branches of inflorescence is not round, as it should be for Verbascum chaixii ssp. austriacum (Ref.: 4) but it is distinctly angulate. Confuses also the fact that Ref.: 5. (refers to whole Mediterranean region, which includes island Krk) lists only Verbascum chaixii ssp. chaixii (syn.: Verbascum chaixii s.str.), while Ref.: 4. (refers to territory of Croatia, which also includes island Krk) lists only Verbascum austriacum (syn.: Verbascum chaixii ssp. austriacum). Flora Croatica Database (Ref.: 6) shows no observations of either of both subspecies. Anyway, it seems that these plants are somewhere in-between both alternative subspecies. Such plants are mentioned also in Ref.: 3 and grow in South Tyrol region in Austria. Five or six plants were growing at the place where I found them. - Ref.: (1) A.Martini et all., Mala Flora Slovenije, Tehnina Zaloba Slovenije (2007) (in Slovenian), p 549. (2) D. Aeschimann, K. Lauber, D.M. Moser, J.P. Theurillat, Flora Alpina, Vol. 2., Haupt (2004), p 194. (3) M.A. Fischer, W. Adler, K. Oswald, Exkursionsflora sterreich Liechtenstein, Sdtirol, LO Landesmuseen, Linz, Austria (2005), p 722. (4) R. Domac, Flora Hrvatske, Prirunik za odreivanje bilja (Flora of Croatia, Manual for plant determination), Manualia Universitatis Studiorum Zagrabiensis, kolska knjiga (2002), p 271. (5) M. Blamey, C. Grey-Wilson, Wild Flowers of the Mediterranean, A & C Black, London (2004), p409. (6) Flora Croatica Database, Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, FER-ZRP, University of Zagreb

Summary[edit] Description: Deutsch: Blütenstand Taxonym: Verbascum chaixii subsp. austriacum ss Fischer et al. EfÖLS 2008 ISBN 978-3-85474-187-9 Fundort: bei Merkersdorf, Bezirk Korneuburg, Niederösterreich - ca. 300 m ü. A. Standort: Halbtrockenrasen English: Inflorescence Taxonym: Verbascum chaixii subsp. austriacum ss Fischer et al. EfÖLS 2008 ISBN 978-3-85474-187-9 Location: near Merkersdorf, district Korneuburg, Lower Austria - ca. 300 m a.s.l. Habitat: semi-dry grassland. Date: 2 July 2016, 11:10:22. Source: Own work. Author: Stefan.lefnaer. Camera location48° 31′ 54.452″ N, 16° 18′ 33.484″ E View all coordinates using: OpenStreetMap 48.531792; 16.309301.

Slo.: Chaixov lunik / avstrijski lunik - Habitat: Dirt road side, semi-ruderal place, small open place among bushes and low trees, calcareous ground, almost flat terrain, half sunny and dry place; near sea shore; exposed to direct rain, average precipitations 1.000 - 1.200 mm/year, average temperature 13-15 deg C, elevation 8 m (25 feet), Mediterranean phytogeographical region. - Substratum: sandy soil. - Comment: Genus Verbascum is quite difficult for proper determination. It is large, complex and hybrid plants are common. In addition, authors have different approaches to its taxonomy. This situation manifests also in the determination difficulties of the plants photographed. Nevertheless, I am almost certain that they belong to the group Verbascum chaixii s.lat. because of stalked, oval-oblong toothed basal leaves, proper length of flower stalks and equally long stamens with violet hairy filaments. Also habitat supports this assumption. This plant group is widely distributed and grows in the Alps (excluding northern regions) and other European mountains and lowlands including Balkan Peninsula (Ref.: 2). In the literature two subspecies are described: Verbascum chaixii ssp. chaixii and Verbascum chaixii ssp. austriacum. Some authors treat the latter on species level as Verbascum austriacum (Refs.: 1 and 4). With some exceptions the traits of the plants found correspond well to Verbascum chaixii ssp. chaixii. Particularly slightly lobed basal part of (some) ground leaves is an important distinguishing trait between both subspecies (Ref.: 3 and 1). Alternative Verbascum chaixii ssp. austriacum should have uniformly shaped leaves without any lobes. Contrary to this, the shape of basal leaf teeth (rounded) corresponds better to Verbascum chaixii ssp. austriacum. But, cross-section through the branches of inflorescence is not round, as it should be for Verbascum chaixii ssp. austriacum (Ref.: 4) but it is distinctly angulate. Confuses also the fact that Ref.: 5. (refers to whole Mediterranean region, which includes island Krk) lists only Verbascum chaixii ssp. chaixii (syn.: Verbascum chaixii s.str.), while Ref.: 4. (refers to territory of Croatia, which also includes island Krk) lists only Verbascum austriacum (syn.: Verbascum chaixii ssp. austriacum). Flora Croatica Database (Ref.: 6) shows no observations of either of both subspecies. Anyway, it seems that these plants are somewhere in-between both alternative subspecies. Such plants are mentioned also in Ref.: 3 and grow in South Tyrol region in Austria. Five or six plants were growing at the place where I found them. - Ref.: (1) A.Martini et all., Mala Flora Slovenije, Tehnina Zaloba Slovenije (2007) (in Slovenian), p 549. (2) D. Aeschimann, K. Lauber, D.M. Moser, J.P. Theurillat, Flora Alpina, Vol. 2., Haupt (2004), p 194. (3) M.A. Fischer, W. Adler, K. Oswald, Exkursionsflora sterreich Liechtenstein, Sdtirol, LO Landesmuseen, Linz, Austria (2005), p 722. (4) R. Domac, Flora Hrvatske, Prirunik za odreivanje bilja (Flora of Croatia, Manual for plant determination), Manualia Universitatis Studiorum Zagrabiensis, kolska knjiga (2002), p 271. (5) M. Blamey, C. Grey-Wilson, Wild Flowers of the Mediterranean, A & C Black, London (2004), p409. (6) Flora Croatica Database, Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, FER-ZRP, University of Zagreb