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Slo.: modrikasta strninica - syn.: Stropharia cyanea (Bolt. Secr.) - Habitat: on northeast side of a cottage, 2.5 m away of the woodshed, ruderal calcareous ground with organic debris mainly wood chips, shallow skeletal soil sparsely covered by vegetation, Utrica dioica dominant, flat terrain, mostly in shade, exposed to direct rain, average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 7-9 deg C, elevation 600 m (1.970 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. - Substratum: soil with a lot of organic debris. - Comments: Growing in a group of three fruit bodies, pilei very slimy, diameter 4 - 6 cm, the largest 1.5 cm thick; stipe dry, 3.5 - 5 cm tall, diameter 1.4 - 1.7 cm; taste mild, pleasant, smell pleasant, mushroomy; trama of marble blue-white color; mycelium abundant, beige, root-like apparently interwoven with roots of a large Utrica dioica; SP abundant brown, oac638. - Spores smooth. Dimensions: 7,5 [8,3 ; 8,6] 9,5 x 4,5 [4,9 ; 5,1] 5,5 microns; Q = 1,5 [1,7] 1,9; N = 36; C = 95%; Me = 8,5 x 5 microns; Qe = 1,7. Olympus CH20, NEA 100x/1.25, magnification 1.000 x, oil, in water, live material. AmScope MA500 digital camera. - Herbarium: Mycotheca and lichen herbarium (LJU-Li) of Slovenian Forestry Institute, Vena pot 2, Ljubljana, Index Herbariorum LJF - Ref.: (1) J. reitenbach, F. Kraenzlin, Eds., Fungi of Switzerland, Vol.4. Verlag Mykologia (2000), p 352. (2) S. Buczacki, Collins Fungi Guide, Collins (2012), p 110. 5 (3) R. Phillips, Mushrooms, Macmillan (2006), p 248. (4) G.J. Krieglsteiner (Hrsg.), Die Grosspilze Baden-Wrttembergs, Band 4., Ulmer (2001), p 409. (5) R. Lueder, Grundkurs Pilzbestimmung, Quelle & Meyer (2008), p 275. (6) M. Bon, Parey's Buch der Pilze, Kosmos (2005), p 250.
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Slo.: rjava zrnovka - Habitat: pasture, close to a wood side (Picea abies), fairly flat, shallow, calcareous, southeast faced ground, partly in shade, fully exposed to rain, average precipitations ~3.000 mm/year, average temperature 6-8 deg C, elevation 620 m (2.000 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. - Substratum: mossy grassland, soil. - Comments: Spores 5.5 m (SD=0.4 m) x 3.4 m (SD=0.3 m), n=15, spore print creamy. Motic B1-211, magnification 1.000 x, oil, in water. - Ref: Personal communication Mr. Bojan Rot, http://www.gobenabovskem.si/ . - M.Bon, Pareys Buch der Pilze, Kosmos (2005), p 172. - R.M.Daehncke, 1200 Pilze in Farbfotos, AT Verlag (2009), p 534. - R.Lueder, Grundkurs Pilzbestimmung, Quelle & Mayer (2008), p 220. - http://www.mushroomexpert.com/cystoderma_amianthinum.html
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Slo.: poprhnjena koprenka - syn.: Phlegmacium allutum (Fr.) M.M. Moser, Cortinarius melliolens Schffer ex Orton, Cortinarius multiformis ss. CFP, Ricken - Habitat: Mixed wood, Fagus sylvatica dominant, Picea abies scattered; slightly inclined mountain slope, southeast aspect; calcareous, colluvial, shallow ground; relatively warm and dry place; partly protected from direct rain by tree canopies; average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 6-9 deg C, elevation 670 m (2.200 feet), alpine phytogeographical region.Substratum: forest soil, leaf litter.Comments: Genus Cortinarius is huge - more than 1.000 species, subspecies, var. and f. have been described. No wonder, there is confusion in their names. Index Fungorum recognizes Cortinarius allutus as a current name, while other authorities consider it as a synonym of Cortinarius multiformis (this too is a current name according to IF). Recent (2014) DNA phylogenetic studies (Ref.8) revealed that much more complex situation exists in the group of species similar to this find. Ref.8 considers now the name Cortinarius allutus as a misapplied name. Anyway, I will keep with Index Fungorum and use the name Cortinarius allutus. Macroscopic traits and spores fit well to the most of the descriptions found in literature. There grew 6 or 7 pilei in an area of about 3 x 3 m. Habitat was montane Fagus sylvatica forest with a few Picea abies intermixed. In a distance of 0.3 - 3 m from the pilei two young, about 1-1.5 m tall and in a distance of about 5 m a grown up Picea abies three were present. Cortinarius allutus is supposed to be in mycorrhizal relation to conifers. Fruitbody description: pilei diameter 6 - 9 cm, trama thin near the edge of pilei, in the midrange about 8 mm thick, gills up to 10 mm broad, hut dry (after a several days long dry period); however, leaves and other debris were firmly 'glued' to the hut surface (ixocutis); stipe 4.2 - 6.5 cm long and 8 - 20 mm in diameter; when old stipe partly hollow; quite abruptly bulbous (with a few fruitbodies almost marginate); bulb from 1.6 to 1.9 times the diameter of the stipe; smell mild, pleasant, mushroomy, on leather?; taste not tested; 5% KOH reactions: on trama yellow-brown, not violent; on hut brownish, deepens the color of the hut; trama in the bulb brownish; on gills dark brown, almost blackish; Lugol reactions: on trama instant gold-yellowish, on pilei slightly yellowish, almost none; pilei do not bruise when handled except gills - they darken slightly; SP abundant, almost the same color as the whole fruitbodies, buff-fox color, oac714.Spores minutely and uniformly warty. Dimensions: (7.8) 8 - 8.8 (9.1) x (4.5) 4.7 - 5 (5.2) microns; Q = (1.6) 1.7 - 1.8 (1.9); N = 35; Me = 8.5 x 4.8 microns; Qe = 1.8. Olympus CH20 , NEA 100x/1.25, magnification 1.000 x, emersion oil; in water, fresh material. AmScope MA500 digital camera.Herbarium: Mycotheca and lichen herbarium (LJU-Li) of Slovenian Forestry Institute, Vena pot 2, Ljubljana, Index Herbariorum LJFRef.: (1) R.M.Daehncke, 1200 Pilze in Farbfotos, AT Verlag (2009), p 726.(2) http://www.fichasmicologicas.com/?micos=1&alf=C&art=556 (accessed Oct.8. 2017) http://www2.muse.it/bresadola/gallery.asp?code=87 (accessed Oct.8. 2017)(3) R. Phillips, Mushrooms, Macmillan (2006), p 182. (4)https://www.nahuby.sk/obrazok_detail.php?obrazok_id=512681&poradie=2&form_hash=99bea167eab57a851c6b7b0340a67b4d (accessed Oct.8. 2017) (5) https://www.123pilze.de/DreamHC/Download/OrangeseidigerKlumpfuss.htm (accessed Oct.8. 2017) (6) http://www.pilzflora-ehingen.de/pilzflora/arthtml/callutus.html (accessed Oct.8. 2017) (7) J. Breitenbach, F. Kraenzlin, Eds., Fungi of Switzerland, Vol.5. Verlag Mykologia (2000), p 164. (8) T. E. Brandrud et all. Cortinarius subgenus Phlegmacium section Multiformes in Europe, (2014) Journal des J.E.C., No. 16, p.162199. available at http://karl.soop.org/JEC16B_multif.pdf
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Slo.: gladki deniek - syn.: Lepiota pratensis (Buill.: Fr.) Rea, Lepiota laevigata (Lange) Lange - Habitat: grassland, mountain pasture; near mixed wood edge; moderately inclined mountain slope; southeast aspect; shallow soil, skeletal, calcareous ground; open, sunny place; dry and relatively warm place; exposed to direct rain; average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 7-9 deg C, elevation 620 m (2.050 feet), alpine phytogeographical region.Substratum: soil among grass.Comments: I find Lepiota a difficult genus regarding determination of species. For this find I was split between two options Lepiota clypeolaria and Lepiota oreadiformis. Lepiota clypeolaria is a much more frequent species in my country. Contrary, Lepiota oreadiformis is rare. Statistically the first option seems therefore much more probable. However, the sporocarps found were significantly smaller than of typical Lepiota clypeolaria, mature specimens lacked distinct annulus, and habitat of this find doesn't seem compatible with Lepiota clypeolaria at all (it grows in woods). Therefore it seems that Lepiota oreadiformis is a better fit. Typical habitat of this species are open places on dry, extensively used, not fertilized, base rich grassland, which perfectly fits to this find. With respect to pilei surface quite large differences can be found on pictures in the literature. Frequently pictures show pilei with smoother surface. However, authors state: pilei covered by 'distant, granular squamules, radially wrinkled' (Ref.:1), 'lightly covered by small, ocher brown, radially fibrous squamules' (Ref.4) and 'minutely felty when young, but breaking up into scales on ageing' (Ref.:2). Also, most pictures show pilei with less prominent buckle. So, I am not completely sure the determination is correct. Unfortunately, spore dimensions proved to be of no use for determination, at least against Lepiota clypeolaria. Differences in average spore dimensions for a given species among authors are larger than average differences between both species.Growing scattered and in small groups; about ten pilei present; pilei diameter 3 - 4 (5) cm, stipe 4 - 6 cm long and 4 - 5 mm in diameter; on young pilei a faint, white, fibrous 'ring' noticeable, mature fruitbodies with no observable ring; taste mild, not unpleasant; smell very mild but specific, on flour or cakes (?); SP faint, whitish-beige with slight green tint, oac6.Spores smooth. Dimensions: 10.9 [13 ; 13.8] 16 x 4.8 [5.4 ; 5.6] 6.2 microns; Q = 2.1 [2.4 ; 2.5] 2.8; N = 40; C = 95%; Me = 13.4 x 5.5 microns; Qe = 2.4. Olympus CH20, NEA 100x/1.25, magnification 1.000 x, oil, in water, in vivo. AmScope MA500 digital camera.Herbarium: Mycotheca and lichen herbarium (LJU-Li) of Slovenian Forestry Institute, Vena pot 2, Ljubljana, Index Herbariorum LJFRef.:(1) J. Breitenbach, F. Kraenzlin, Eds., Fungi of Switzerland, Vol.4., Verlag Mykologia (2000), p 204. (2) S. Buczacki, Collins Fungi Guide, Collins (2012), p 52. (3) R. Phillips, Mushrooms, Macmillan (2006), p 130. (4) G.J. Krieglsteiner (Hrsg.), Die Grosspilze Baden-Wrttembergs, Band 4., Ulmer (2003), p 91. (5) L. Hagar, Ottova Encyklopedia Hb, Ottova Nakladatelstvi, Praha (2015) (in Slovakian), p 904.
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Slo.: neznana tintnica - Habitat: Mixed forest with dominant Betula pendula and some Picea abies, flat ground, cretaceous clastic rock (flysh), in shade, partly protected from direct rain by tree canopies, average precipitations ~3.000 mm/year, average temperature 8-10 deg, elevation 560 m (1.840 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. - Substratum: among roots of a partly rotten stump, probably Betula pendula. - Comments: First I thought on C. micaceus. But there was not much tendency to grow in clumps, quite scattered around, no specimens with really oval shaped pileus (all too old?), too brown caps (?), a bit small spores (data differ among references), caps not striate nearly to the center (Arora, p349), cap edge apparently curls outwards when it deliquesces in contrast to C. micaceus in my precious observation (Mushroom Observer #17352). Samples I took home auto digested themselves totally into a black silhouette on the bottom of the container. - Spore print black. Spore dimensions: 7.8 (SD=0.5) x 4.8 (SD=0.3) micr, N=21. Motic B1-211A, magnification 1.000 x, oil, in water. - Ref.: M.Bon, Pareys Buch der Pilze, Kosmos (2005), p 272. R.M.Daehncke, 1200 Pilze in Farbfotos, AT Verlag (2009), p 546. D.Arora, Mushrooms Demystified, Ten Speed Press, Berkeley (1986), pp 342.
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Slo.: zimska panjevka - Habitat: Mainly broadleaf forest next to river bed, locally flat terrain but in a short gorge, calcareous bedrock, very humid place with several springs, mostly in shade, no sun during winter months, partly protected from direct rain by tree canopies, average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 8-10 deg C, elevation 410 m (1.350 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. - Substratum: fallen thick Salix sp. trunk covered by mosses, partly rotten. - Comments: Spore print as well as habitat fit well to Flammulina velutipes f. longispora Bas, Persoonia 12(1): 62 (1983). This form is not (yet?) accepted by Index Fungorum however it is discribed in Ref (5). and Ref.(6). from where spore dimensions have been taken for this form. Growing in small groups and solitary, several fruitbodies; pileus diameter up to 6 cm (2.3 inch), sticky cap; SP white. - Spore dimensions: 9.3 (SD = 0.6) x 3.5 (SD = 0.3) micr., Q = 2.7 (SD = 0.18), n = 30. Motic B2-211A, magnification 1.000 x, oil, in water. Congo Red. - Ref.: (1) D.Arora, Mushrooms Demystified, Ten Speed Press, Berkeley (1986), p 220. (2) M.Bon, Parey's Buch der Pilze, Kosmos (2005), p 170. (3) R.Lueder, Grundkurs Pilzbestimmung, Quelle & Meyer (2008), p 388. (4) A.Poler, Veselo po gobe (in Slovene), Mohorjeva druba Celovec (2002), p32. (5) R.M. Daehncke, 1200 Pilze in Farbfotos, AT Verlag (2009), p 389. (6) G.J.Krieglsteiner (Hrsg.), Die Grosspilze Bade-Wrttembergs, Band 3, Ulmer (2001), p245.
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Slo.: orjaka strninica - Habitat: Among tall herbs and grass, near wood-side, semi-ruderal ground, old calcareous river deposits, flat terrain; partly sunny, exposed to direct rain, average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 8-10 deg C, elevations 420 m (1.400 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. - Substratum: soil, possibly decomposed tree and other litter. - Comments: Considered as rare, but some authors (if not most of) consider this species as a 'white' form of Stropharia rugosoannulata. Growing solitary or two/three fruitbodies together; several fruitbodies found at a distance of 100m (300 feet). Taste and smell indistinctive 'mushroomy'. Spore print almost black with violet tint. Base of stalk with white mycelium threads. Moderately viscid cap when wet. Pileus diameter of the largest fruit body about 20 cm (7,8 inch) and weight 380 g. Spore dimensions (the largest fruitbody): 11 (SD = 0.7) x 7.2 (SD = 0.5) micr., Q = 1.5 (SD = 0.12), n=30; spores thick-walled, with a germ pore. Motic B2-211A, magnification 1.000 x, oil, in water. - Ref.: (1) Personal communication with Mr. Bojan Rot. (2) http://pagesperso-orange.fr/samnel.museum/PDF/Bulletin18/Stropharia_eximia_C_Divet_001.pdf . (3) http://gobenabovskem.si/index.php?uredi=uzitne&goba=357&list=357&slika=slika1&slika=slika2&slika=slika1#357 . (4) http://www.mycodb.fr/photo.php?file=Stropharia_eximia_1987_ap_1.jpg&filter= (5) A.Poler, ed., Seznam gliv Slovenije (in Slovene), 2nd Ed., Assoc. of Mycol. Soc. of Slovenia (1998), p 71. (6) http://www.pilzlexikon.eu/rotbrauner-riesen-traeuschling.html. (7) R.M. Daehncke, 1200 Pilze in Farbfotos, AT Verlag (2009), p 600.
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Habitat: Mixed deciduous forest, next to a chart road, modestly inclined south oriented slope, humid and shady place, direct rain protected by canopies of trees, average precipitations ~3.000 mm/year, average temperature 8-10 deg C, elevation 435 m (1.400 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. - Substratum: a small ~20 mm long and 4-5 mm diameter heavily rotten piece of a branch of a deciduous tree or bush covered by several layers of leaf debris.
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Slo.: citronasta munica - Habitat: mixed alpine wood, Fagus sylvatica and Picea abies dominant trees; moderately inclined mountain slope, southeast aspect; calcareous ground; in shade, partly protected from direct rain by tree canopies; average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 7-9 deg C, elevation 600 m (2.000 feet), alpine phytogeographical region.Substratum: forest soil.Comments: Growing single.Spores smooth, subglobose. Dimensions: 8,2 [8,7 ; 9] 9,5 x 7,4 [7,9 ; 8] 8,5 microns; Q = 1 [1,1] 1,2; N = 30; C = 95%; Me = 8,9 x 8 microns; Qe = 1,1. Olympus CH20, NEA 100x/1.25, magnification 1.000 x, oil, in water, in vivo. AmScope MA500 digital camera.Ref.:(1) R.M. Daehncke, 1200 Pilze in Farbfotos, AT Verlag (2009), p 474. (2) S. Buczacki, Collins Fungi Guide, Collins (2012), p 248. (3) J. Breitenbach, F. Kraenzlin, Eds., Fungi of Switzerland, Vol.4., Verlag Mykologia (1995), p 164. (4) R. Phillips, Mushrooms, Macmillan (2006), p 146.
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Slo.: veplena kolobarnica - Habitat: Young mixed wood/thicket (mostly Fagus sylvatica, Picea abies, Fraxinus ornus), fairly flat, shallow, calcareous, southeast faced ground, in shade, partly protected from direct rain by tree canopies, average precipitations ~3.000 mm/year, average temperature 6-8 deg C, elevation 640 m (2.100 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. - Substratum: mossy forest ground. - Comments: Spores 10.2 (SD=0.5) x 6.9 (SD=0.4) micr, n=20; unmistakable awful and strong smell, like a poorly maintained sulfur water spa. - Ref: Personal communication Mr. Bojan Rot, http://www.gobenabovskem.si/ rel='nofollow'>www.gobenabovskem.si/ - M.Bon, Pareys Buch der Pilze, Kosmos (2005), p 152. - R.M.Daehncke, 1200 Pilze in Farbfotos, AT Verlag (2009), p 238. - http://www.rogersmushrooms.com/gallery/DisplayBlock~bid~6875~source~gallerychooserresult.asp
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Slo.: oranna kolobarnica - Habitat: Picea abies wood mixed with Fagus sylvatica, almost flat terrain, calcareous ground, in shade, almost no ground vegetation, partly protected from direct rain by tree canopies, average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 2-4 deg C, elevation 1.350 m (4.350 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. - Substratum: forest soil. - Comments: This beautiful mushroom is not common in Slovenia. It is most frequently found in cultural and not natural landscape, namely in intensively forested stands of Picea abies (Ref.:(3)). Growing solitary, scattered and in groups, over 30 pilei at the site; pileus diameter up to 13 cm, stipe up to 8 cm tall; surface of the cap viscid, some pilei beaded with orange droplets; taste strong persistent, unpleasant, some kind of bitter, very specific; smell strong almost pleasant, on flour? fruits?, strange; SP white (oac909). - Spores smooth, broad elliptical to globose. Dimensions: 5.3 (SD = 0.4) x 4.1 (SD = 0.3) μ, Q = 1.31 (SD = 0.09), n = 30. Olympus CH20, NEA 100x/1.25, magnification 1.000 x, oil, in water. AmScope MA500 digital camera. - Ref.: (1) Personal communication with Mr. Bojan Rot, www.gobenabovskem.com. (2) M.Bon, Parey's Buch der Pilze, Kosmos (2005), p 160. 5.5/4 (3) H.Doerfelt and E. Ruske, Die Welt der Pilze,Wissdorn-Verlag, Jena (2008), p 177. (4) D.Arora, Mushrooms Demystified, Ten Speed Press, Berkeley (1986), p 187. 4-6/3-5 (5) R.M. Daehncke, 1200 Pilze in Farbfotos, AT Verlag (2009), p 228. 4-5/3-3,5 (6) http://www.mushroomexpert.com/tricholoma_aurantium.html 5-6/3-4
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Original shot = 8 mpix More insect shots at : http://www.livingunderworld.org/photos/showgallery.php?ppuser=41&cat=500
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