-
Slo.: irokolistna velekorenovka - syn.: Collybia platyphylla (Pers.) P. Kumm., Clitocybula platyphylla (Pers.) E. Ludw., Oudemansiella platyphylla (Pers.) Moser, Tricholomopsis platyphya and many others - Habitat: mixed wood, Fagus sylvatica and Picea abies dominant trees with some Ostrya carpinifolia and Fraxinus ornus; slightly inclined mountain slope, SE aspect; old colluvial, calcareous ground, in shade, dry and relatively warm place; partly protected from direct rain by tree canopies; average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 7-9 deg C, elevation 600 m (1.950), alpine phytogeographical region.Substratum: heavily rotten, moss covered stump of Fagus sylvatica. Comments: When I noticed this fungus I thought it was a kind of Pluteus (actually Pluteus cervinus (Schaeff.) P. Kumm. looks very similar). However, neither its spore print nor gills showed even a trace of pinkish color. So, it must be almost for sure Megacollybia platyphylla. Its streaked-looking gray-brown cap is typical.Genus Megacollybia was considered monophyletic (that is containing only one specie - Megacollybia platyphylla) not so far ago. Recent DNA sequencing in North America (Ref.3) showed that it can be separated to several distinct species (how many of them scientists do not agree, up to nine worldwide). One of them Megacollybia platyphylla was limited to Europe. Unfortunately newly recognized species in North America cannot practically be separated by macro-morphological traits (particularly not if geographic location is dismissed as a 'character'). They are all variable and all look alike. Even microscopy doesn't help. To determine them in the field one would need 'pocket DNA sequencer' (which doesn't exist). So it is: DNA-defined species do not always show observable differences in physical features. Megacollybia platyphylla is a common mushroom. There are conflicting reports about edibility of it. Some consider it conditionally edible, some weakly poisonous. Description of this find: Growing solitary; heavily eaten by snails; pileus diameter 13 cm, radially streaked, strakes peel off easily; trama thin, gills broad, beige, fragile; stipe 8 cm long, 23 mm in diameter at the base and 19 mm on top, firm, slightly hollow at the center, fibrous, firmly attached to the rotten wood by mycelial strands; smell slightly on sour bread, taste mild, indistinctive; SP faint, beige, oac814.Spores smooth. Dimensions: 7.3 [8 ; 8.3] 9 x 5.9 [6.5 ; 6.8] 7.4 microns; Q = 1.1 [1.2] 1.4; N = 30; C = 95%; Me = 8.1 x 6.7 microns; Qe = 1.2. Olympus CH20, NEA 100x/1.25, magnification 1.000 x, oil; in water, fresh material. AmScope MA500 digital camera.Herbarium: Mycotheca and lichen herbarium (LJU-Li) of Slovenian Forestry Institute, Vena pot 2, Ljubljana, Index Herbariorum LJFRef.: (1) R. Phillips, Mushrooms, Macmillan (2006), p 96. (2) G.J. Krieglsteiner (Hrsg.), Die Grosspilze Baden-Wrttembergs, Band 3., Ulmer (2001), p 360.(3) http://www.mushroomexpert.com/megacollybia.html stanje megacolibija(4) J. Breitenbach, F. Kraenzlin, Eds., Fungi of Switzerland, Vol.3. Verlag Mykologia (1991), p 246. (5) L. Hagar, Ottova Encyklopedia Hb, Ottova Nakladatelstvi, Praha (2015) (in Slovakian), p 673.(6) R. Lueder, Grundkurs Pilzbestimmung, Quelle & Meyer (2008), p 223. (7) S. Buczacki, Collins Fungi Guide, Collins (2012), p 208.
-
Slo.: enjeva vlanica - Habitat: In grass, unmaintained mountain pasture, flat terrain, calcareous ground, full sun, exposed to direct rain, average precipitations 2.000-2.600 mm/year, average temperature 6-8 deg C, elevations 1.050 m (3,450 feet), Dinaric phytogeographical region. - Substratum: soil. - Comments: Growing solitary or in small groups, pileus diameter up to 35 mm (1.5 inch), SP white. Spore shape and dimensions: smooth, almond shaped, 7,3 (SD = 0,5) x 4,8 (SD = 0,4) micr., Q = 1,57 (SD = 0,09), n = 30. Motic B2-211A, magnification 1.000 x, oil, in water. - Ref.: (1) D.Arora, Mushrooms Demystified, Ten Speed Press, Berkeley (1986), p 114.(2) R.M. Daehncke, 1200 Pilze in Farbfotos, AT Verlag (2009), p 170. (3) M.Bon, Parey's Buch der Pilze, Kosmos (2005), p 108.(4) A. Poler, Veselo po gobe, Mohorjeva druba, Celovec (2002), p 328.
-
-
-
-
Slo.: sivokoni kadilcek - Habitat: upland grassland on a mountain ridge, slightly north inclined slope, full sun, fully exposed to precipitations, a windy place, precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 1 - 3 deg C, elevation 2.100 m (6.900 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. - Substratum: soil - Many thanks to Mr. Darvin DeShazer for identification of the species.
-
-
Slo.: rumeni smetiar - syn.: Bolbitius vitellinus (Pers.: Fr.) Fr., Bolbitius vitellinus var. titubans (Bull.: Fr.) Moser - Habitat: grassland; semiruderal, flat terrain near a village house; calcareous ground, shallow soil layer; nitrogen rich place (my dog's favorite place to pee); open, fairly sunny place; mowed several times per year; exposed to direct rain; average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 7 - 9 deg C, elevation 600 m (1.970 feet), alpine phytogeographical region.Substratum: soil.Comments: Bolbitius titubans is generally a common mushroom but apparently not in the Upper Soa River region. The place of this observation is almost in front of my house, where I live. I know this piece of grassland for decades. Yet, I have seen this mushrooms only once - in 2013. There were several dozens of them appearing again and again starting at the beginning of October until the end of November. Pilei are ephemeral and of similar habitus as in genus Coprinus but vividly lemon to yolk yellow, beautiful particularly when they are young. It is impossible to overlook them in low grass. They are viscid and very delicate. Growing solitary and in groups of a few fruit bodies; flesh very brittle; SP brown with reddish tint; smell and taste indistinctive.Spores smooth with thick walls and large germ pore. Dimensions: 12.6 [13.8 ; 14.3] 15.5 x 7.2 [7.9 ; 8.3] 9 microns; Q = 1.6 [1.7 ; 1.8] 1.9; N = 29; C = 95%; Me = 14.1 x 8.1 microns; Qe = 1.7. Olympus CH20, NEA 100x/1.25, magnification 1.000 x, oil, in water. AmScope MA500 digital camera.Herbarium: Mycotheca and lichen herbarium (LJU-Li) of Slovenian Forestry Institute, Vena pot 2, Ljubljana, Index Herbariorum LJFRef.:(1) Id'ed by Mr. Bojan Rot, www. gobenabovskem.com(2) G.J. Krieglsteiner (Hrsg.), Die Grosspilze Baden-Wrttembergs, Band 4., Ulmer (2003), p 304. (3) M. Bon, Parey's Buch der Pilze, Kosmos (2005), p 260. (4) R. Phillips, Mushrooms, Macmillan (2006), p 233. (5) S. Buczacki, Collins Fungi Guide, Collins (2012), p 96.
-
Slo.: kafrna koprenka - Habitat: Southeast inclined mountain slope, mixed forest, mainly Picea abies and Fagus szlvatica, calcareous bedrock, in shade, under a Picea abies, partly protected from direct rain by tree canopies, average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 5-7 deg C, elevations 1.000 m (3.300 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. - Substratum: soil. - Comments: Growing solitary; pileus diameter ~6 cm (~2.5 inch), smell strong, unpleasant, characteristic. SP brown-yellow. Spore dimensions: 10.0 (SD = 0.6 ) x 5.2 (SD.= 0.2) micr., Q.= 1,96 (SD = 0.12), n = 30. - Ref.: (1) Personal communication. Determined by Mr. Bojan Rot, www. gobenabovskem.si (2) M.Bon, Parey's Buch der Pilze, Kosmos (2005), p 216. (3) R.M. Daehncke, 1200 Pilze in Farbfotos, AT Verlag (2009), p 772. (4) A.Bessette, Mushrooms of Northeastern North America (1997), p106.
-
-
Slo.: rjavordeca zveplenjaca - Syn. Hypholoma sublateritium - Habitat: Mixed woods, in shade, precipitations ~3.000 mm/year, average temperature 8-10 deg C, altitude 520 m (1.700 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. Substratum: rotten stump of deciduous tree, probably Quercus sp.. Acknowledgement: Thanks to Irene Andersson for determination.
-
-
Habitat: former mountain pasture, a part of it overgrown with very light wood; Larix decidua, Picea abies, Fagus sylvatica dominant trees; partly in shade; partly protected from direct rain by tree canopies; modestly inclined mountain slope, northwest aspect; average precipitations ~ 2.600 mm/year, average temperature 6-8 deg C, elevation 870 m (2.850 feet), alpine phytogeographical region.Substratum: soil.Comments: Growing solitary; pileus diameter 5 cm; stipe 8 cm long, 21 mm in diameter and 26 mm at the bottom; taste indistinct, mild, pleasant; smell mild, slightly on radish?; flesh firm; SP faint, whitish.Spores smooth. Dimensions: 7.7 [9.3 ; 9.9] 11.5 x 5.8 [6.6 ; 6.9] 7.8 microns; Q = 1.2 [1.4] 1.6; N = 40; C = 95%; Me = 9.6 x 6.8 microns; Qe = 1.4. Olympus CH20, NEA 100x/1.25, magnification 1.000 x, oil in water. AmScope MA500 digital camera.Herbarium: Mycotheca and lichen herbarium (LJU-Li) of Slovenian Forestry Institute, Vena pot 2, Ljubljana, Index Herbariorum LJFRef.:(1) Personal communication with Mr. Gregor Podgornik. (2) http://www.amanitaceae.org/?Amanita+excelsa (3) http://www.first-nature.com/fungi/amanita-excelsa.php (4) http://www.mycodb.fr/fiche.php?genre=Amanita&espece=excelsa (5) J. Breitenbach, F. Kraenzlin, Eds., Fungi of Switzerland, Vol.4. Verlag Mykologia (2000), p 148.
-
Slo.: opasta korenovka - Habitat: Mixed woodland, cretaceous clastic rock (flysh), protected from direct rain by tree canopies, in shade, quite humid place, average precipitations ~3.000 mm/year, average temperature 8-10 deg C, elevation 435 m (1.450 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. - Substratum: soil and/or a thick layer of rotten leaves. - Comment: Pictures show quite dry specimens. - Ref.: Determination Mr. Gregor Podgornik, NAC (Natural History Center), Tolmin, Slovenia EC. M.Bon, Pareys Buch der Pilze, Kosmos (2005), p 178. R.M.Daehncke, 1200 Pilze in Farbfotos, AT Verlag (2009), p 316. D.Arora, Mushrooms Demystified, Ten Speed Press, Berkeley (1986), p 213.
-
Oregon Mycological Society
-
Another scientific names are Clavaria ceranoides, Clavaria compressa, Clavaria platyclada, Clavaria fusiformis, Ramaria ceranoides and Ramariopsis fusiformis.
-
-
-
Slo.: lina trhlenka - Habitat: Mixed wood: Picea abies, Pinus nigra, Fagus sylvatica, Fraxinus ornus and Fraxinus excelsior, etc; flat terrain, shallow forest soil layer, probably somewhat acid, old consolidated river deposit, calcareous ground, in shade, partly protected from direct rain by tree canopies, average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 8-10 deg C, elevation 410 m (1.350 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. - Substratum: Fallen rotten trunk of a small Pinus nigra. - Comments: Several fruitbodies on the log, pileus diameter up to 6.5 cm (3.5 inch), taste and smell indistinctive, SP white with faint pink tint (oac795), cup golden-yellow (oac852), gills deep golden (oac811), stipe concolorous with gills, lighter at the base. - Spore dimensions: 7.2 (SD = 0.5) x 5.3 (SD = 0.4) micr., Q = 1.4 (SD = 0.09), n = 30. - Ref.: (1) Id'ed by Mr. Bojan Rot. (2) http://www.mushroomexpert.com/tricholomopsis_decora.html . (3) http://www.grzyby.pl/gatunki/Tricholomopsis_decora.htm . (4) R.Phillips, Mushrooms, Macmillan (2006), p 98. (5) M.Bon, Parey's Buch der Pilze, Kosmos (2005), p 150.
-
Slo.: prelestna koprenka - Habitat: Mixed wood, mostly Picea abies and Fagus sylvatica, southeast inclined mountain slope, calcareous bedrock, mostly in shade, partly protected from direct rain by tree canopies, average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 6-8 deg C, elevations 990 m (3.250 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. - Substratum: soil. - Comments: Growing in a small group, pileus diameter ~ 6(8) (2,3(3) inch), smell unpleasant 'industrial', specific, SP rusty red. Spore dimensions: 8,2 (SD = 0,4) x 6,1 (SD = 0,3) micr., Q = 1,34 (SD = 0,08), n = 30. Motic B2-211A, magnification 1.000 x, oil, in water. - Ref.: (1) Personal communication with Mr. Bojan Rot, www.gobenabovskem.si . (2) M.Bon, Parey's Buch der Pilze, Kosmos (2005), p 222. (3) A.Poler, Veselo po gobe (in Slovene), Mohorjeva druba Celovec (2002), p 305. (4) http://www.aranzadi-zientziak.org/fileadmin/docs/Munibe/2009005013CN.pdf . (5) http://www.pnwfungi.org/pdf_files/manuscripts_volume_1/pnwf20066.pdf
-
-
-
Slo.: poprhnjena livka - Habitat: mossy upland grassland with scattered Picea abies, Juniperus comm unis Fraxinus ornus, Corylus avellana, etc., fairly flat, quite deep, humid, calcareous, south faced ground, partly in shade of a Picea abies, exposed to rain, average precipitations ~3.000 mm/year, average temperature 6-8 deg C, elevation 890 m (2.900 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. - Substratum: soil. - Comments: Spores 7,2 (SD=0,6) x 4,0 (SD=0,3) micr, n= 30. Motic B1-211A, magnification 1.000 x, oil; in water. Spore print light gray-ocher with a slight tint of green, taste mild, unpleasant, smell rank, a kind of mushroomy but very specific. - Ref.: personal communication Mr. Bojan Rot http://www.gobenabovskem.si/. J.Grom, Nae gobe (in Slovene), epna Knjiga, (1981), p 162. R.M.Daehncke, 1200 Pilze in Farbfotos, AT Verlag (2009), p 210. D.Arora, Mushrooms Demystified, Ten Speed Press, Berkeley (1986), pp 159.
-
Slide 1 of 2