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Slo.: belkasta eladica - Habitat: alpine valley, river bank at the foot of steep north side of a mountain, locally almost flat terrain, calcareous ground, river bank vegetation mostly consisting of Salix eleagnos, Ostrya carpinifolia, Picea abies and some Fagus sylvatica; humid air and ground, partly sunny, exposed to direct rain; average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 7-9 deg C, elevation 525 m (1.720 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. - Substratum: growing in bark crevices of a live, standing, grown up Ostrya carpinifolia covered by liverworts (Frullania sp. or eventually Radula sp.), mosses and lichens. - Comments: According to Breitenbach (1995) (Ref.:1) only three 'winter' species of very large genus Mycena (over 200 species worldwide (Ref.:2) and 64 described in Slovenia (Ref.:3)) have round or almost round spores. Descriptions of Mycena alba in literature nicely fit to this observation. The species is considered rare almost everywhere (Ref.:2). There are only a few observations in Slovenia registered in the Boletus Informaticus data base so far. However the mushroom is probably much more frequent as data show. There is no doubt that it is overlooked frequently, since it is small. As far as I was able to check Ostrya carpinifolia has not been recorded yet as a host. - Growing solitary in a group of more than 30 pilei all around a single tree trunk from 0.5 m to 1.8 m above ground level; pilei diameter 4 - 9 mm, stipe 5 - 8 mm long, diameter about 0.5 mm; taste poorly tested since the fungi are so small, apparently indistinctive; smell indistinctive; flesh quite firm considering miniature size of fruit bodies; SP faint, probably white. - Spores smooth. Dimensions: 7 [7.7 ; 8] 8.8 x 5.7 [6.5 ; 6.8] 7.6 microns; Q = 1.1 [1.2] 1.3; N = 32; C = 95%; Me = 7.9 x 6.7 microns; Qe = 1.2. Olympus CH20, NEA 100x/1.25, magnification 1.000 x, oil; in water; live material. AmScope MA500 digital camera. - Herbarium: Mycotheca and lichen herbarium (LJU-Li) of Slovenian Forestry Institute, Vena pot 2, Ljubljana, Index Herbariorum LJF - Ref.: (1) J. Breitenbach, F. Kraenzlin, Eds., Fungi of Switzerland, Vol.3. Verlag Mykologia(1995), p 260.(2) G.J. Krieglsteiner (Hrsg.), Die Grosspilze Baden-Wrttembergs, Band 3., Ulmer (2001), p 428. (3) A. Poler, ed., Seznam gliv Slovenije (in Slovene) (Slovenian checklist of Fungi), 2nd Ed., Assoc. of Mycol. Soc. of Slovenia (1998), p 51. (4) http://home.online.no/~araronse/Mycenakey/alba.htm . (5) http://www.museum-joanneum.at/fileadmin//user_upload/Stundienzentrum_Naturkunde/Downloads/Gesamter_Beitrag_als_PDF_2..pdf
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Ramariopsis kunzei is an edible species of coral fungi in the Clavariaceae family. It is commonly known as white coral mushroom.
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Slo.: travnika tratnica - Habitat: Unimproved grassland, northeast oriented slope, calcareous ground, mostly sunny, exposed to direct rain, average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 6-8 deg C, elevations 615 m (2.000 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. - Substratum: grassland soil. - Comments: growing scattered or solitary; pileus dry; taste and smell mild, undistinctive; SP white; pileus diameter 6 (9) cm (2.3 (3.5) inch). Spore dimensions: 6,6 (SD = 0,5) x 4,6 (SD = 0,3) micr., Q = 1,42 (SD = 0,10), n = 30. Motic B2-211A, magnification 1.000 x, oil, in water. - Ref.: (1) D. Boertmann, Hygrocybe, 2nd Rev., Svampetryk (2010), p 46 (2) M.Bon, Parey's Buch der Pilze, Kosmos (2005), p 102 (3) Personal communication with Mr. Bojan Rot, www.gobenabovskem.si . (4) http://www.mushroomexpert.com/hygrocybe_pratensis.html . (5) http://www.grzyby.pl/gatunki/Hygrocybe_pratensis.htm .
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Slo.: rdea munica - Habitat: Group of Betula pendula var. pendula as a pioneer species on an abandoned pasture, shallow, moderately acid soil on cretaceous clastic rock (flysh), direct rain exposed, partly in shade, precipitations ~3.000 mm/year, average temperature 8-10 deg C, altitude 540 m (1.750 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. - Substratum: soil. -
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Habitat: mixed wood, Picea abies and Fagus Sylvatica dominant trees; moderately inclined mountain slope, south aspect; calcareous ground; in shade, relatively warm place; partly protected from direct rain by tree canopies; average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 6-7 deg C, elevation 1.000 m (3.300 feet), alpine phytogeographical region.Substratum: short, highly disintegrated and moss overgrown log of Picea abies lying on ground.Comment: Lycoperdon pyriforme has probably the most beautiful form of all our puffballs. It is a rather common species, which often grows in large tufted groups. It has almost global distribution (not present in Africa). In Himalaya it climbs up to 4.000 m elevation (Ref.:3). It is easy recognized by its typical form and the fact that it grows on rotten wood of conifers and broadleaved trees contrary to other puffballs, which grow on soil. Frequently the wood is almost totally decomposed or partly buried in ground, so it superficially appears that the mushrooms grow on soil. Further, white subgleba, which remains white also in mature sporocarps, is a sure identification characteristic. Photographed sporocarps were growing in a small group of six fruit bodies.Spores smooth. Dimensions: 3.7 [4.1 ; 4.2] 4.6 x 3.5 [3.9 ; 4] 4.4 microns; Q = [1 ; 1.06] 1.1; N = 30; C = 95%; Me = 4.2 x 4 microns; Qe = 1. Motic B2-211A, NEA 100x/1.25, magnification 1.000 x, oil, in water; in vivo. AmScope MA500 digital camera.Ref.:(1) Personal communication with Mr. Bojan Rot, www.gobenabovskem.com.(2) L. Hagar, Ottova Encyklopedia Hb, Ottova Nakladatelstvi, Praha (2015) (in Slovakian), p 934.(3) G.J. Krieglsteiner (Hrsg.), Die Grosspilze Baden-Wrttembergs, Band 2., Ulmer (2000), p 152. (4) S. Buczacki, Collins Fungi Guide, Collins (2012), p 430. (5) J. Breitenbach, F. Kraenzlin, Eds., Fungi of Switzerland, Vol.2., Verlag Mykologia (1986), p 394.
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Slo.: resasti puhar - syn.: Tulostoma granulosum Leveille - Habitat: growing from crevices among limestone rocks of a dry wall forming border of a pasture; mosses, Asplenium trichomanes, Asplenium ruta-muraria, Geranium macrorrhizum, Geranium robertianum, Sedum album also growing on the wall; about 1 m above ground level; half sunny, dry place, south aspect; partly under a large Tilia cordata canopy; partly protected from direct rain by it; average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 7 - 9 deg C, elevation 600 m (2.000 feet), alpine phytogeographical region - Substratum: small amount of mixture of sandy soil and raw humus plus mosses among limestone rocks. - Comments: Spore sac subglobose, diameter 11 mm, height 9.5 mm; peridium quite firm, with granular surface (adhering grains) particularly at the bottom of it; much of spore material has already gone (seems an older sporocarp); peridium hole almost without projecting peristome, irregular, with fibrous edge, no darker hallo around it; stalk 55 mm long, spindle shaped, diameter 3.5 mm at the apex and 5 mm max at about 1/3 of its height, tough and hard, not pliant, very coarsely fibrous; fruitbody no smell, taste not tested; volva almost absent; capillitium hypha abundant, long, firm, elastic, thick walled, branched, rough on several places, septa rare, no clamps observed, hypha not much inflated at the septa; crystals very rare (if at all present); spore on mass and SP rusty-brown, oac684. Fruitbody was growing solitary. - There are two species of genus Tulostoma listed in Slovenian check list of fungi - Tulostoma brumale and Tulostoma fimbriatum. The most common species of this genus is Tulostoma brumale, but observed traits apparently do not fit to it. This observation has very indistinctive volva (just a few brown scales), fruitbody has almost no projecting peristome and brownish hallo around it, crystals have been barely seen (if at all?), spores are too large and hypha at the septa is not or only slightly inflated (not strongly as for Tulostoma brumale according to Ref.:3 and others). Apparently macro- and microscopic traits fit well to Tulostoma fimbriatum. Habitat seems at first a bit strange (usually found on sandy soil and dunes) but Ref.:1. explicitly states also ' ... solitary also on old walls made of calcareous rocks...'. - The only thing, which puzzles me, is spore surface. Shape and size if the spores agree with expectations reasonably well, however, all sources agree that their surface should be (minutely?) warty. My observations barely show 'warts'. Actually spores look like slightly polygonal, some warts can be seen here and there, but some spores seem also completely smooth (not in focus?). This could be due to my poor equipment and experience or the warts are very low, or they can be seen only if colored, or the spores are not yet mature (doesn't seem the case according to the condition of the fruitbody), or possibly this is not Tulostoma fimbriatum. - Spores subglobose and variably shaped. Dimensions: 4.5 [5.2 ; 5.5] 6.2 x 4 [4.6 ; 4.8] 5.4 microns; Q = 0.9 [1.1 ; 1.2] 1.4; N = 40 ; C = 95%; Me = 5.4 x 4.7 microns; Qe = 1.2. Hypha diameter: 2.9 [4 ; 4.5] 5.6 microns; N = 29 ; C = 95%; Me = 4.2 microns (Ref.:2. 3 - 6 microns). Olympus CH20, NEA 100x/1.25, magnification 1.000 x, oil (spores, septa); NEA 40x/0.65, magnification 400x (hypha), in water. AmScope MA500 digital camera. - Herbarium: Mycotheca and lichen herbarium (LJU-Li) of Slovenian Forestry Institute, Vena pot 2, Ljubljana, Index Herbariorum LJF - Ref.: (1) R.M. Daehncke, 1200 Pilze in Farbfotos, AT Verlag (2009), p 1096. (2) J. Breitenbach, F. Kraenzlin, Eds., Fungi of Switzerland, Vol.2. Verlag Mykologia (1986), p 396. (3) G.J. Krieglsteiner (Hrsg.), Die Grosspilze Baden-Wrttembergs, Band 2., Ulmer (2000), p 181. (4) W. Rothmaler, Exkursionsflora von Deutschland, Vol.1, Niedere Pflanzen, Elsevier, 3. Auflage (1994), p 511. (5) M.Bon, Parey'sBuch der Pilze, Kosmos (2005), p 300. (T. brumale, sp 4) (6) S.Buczacki, Collins Fungi Guide, Collins (2012), p 444.
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Slo.: latviasta palivka - Habitat: Unimproved grassland grassed by sheep, northeast oriented mountain slope, calcareous ground, mostly sunny, exposed to direct rain, average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 6-8 deg C, elevations 630 m (2.050 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. - Substratum: grassland soil. - Coments: Growing solitary or two, tree together, pileus diameter up to 55 mm; smell mild, pleasant; SP white, slightly beige. Spore smooth, dimensions 8.3 (SD = 0.6) x 5.3 (SD = 0.4) micr., Q = 1.65 (SD = 0.12), n = 30.
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Slo.: vijolicasta kolesnica - Habitat: mossy upland grassland, fairly flat, quite deep, humid, calcareous, south faced ground, partly in shade of a Juniperus communis bush, exposed to rain, average precipitations ~3.000 mm/year, average temperature 6-8 deg C, elevation 890 m (2.900 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. - Substratum: soil. - Comments: Spores 8,0 (SD=1,1) micr x 4,6 (SD=0,5) micr, n= 20. Motic B1-211, magnification 1.000 x, oil; in water. Spore print crme to light ocher with a slight pink tint, taste mild, smell pleasant mushroomy. Gills can be easily separated from pileus. - Ref.: personal communication Mr. Bojan Rot http://www.gobenabovskem.si/. R.M.Daehncke, 1200 Pilze in Farbfotos, AT Verlag (2009), p 213. R.Lueder, Grundkurs Pilzbestimmung, Quelle & Mayer (2008), p 398.
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Slo.: zastrta pogačica - Habitat: Narrow mountain gorge, near a stream, locally flat terrain, calcareous ground with some cretaceous clastic rock (flysh) inclusions, broadleaf trees and thickets and high bushes, humid and cold place, in shadow, no sun during most of the year; partly protected from direct rain by tree canopies, average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 7-9 deg C, elevation 430 m (1.400 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. - Substratum: dead fallen Corylus avellana branch, not in contact with ground, about 5 cm (2 inch) in diameter. - Comments: Photographed in wet conditions. Found on the same branch: Plicaturopsis crispa, Hypoxylon fuscum, Graphis scripta and Fungi sp. causing distinct red staining of the wood (oac 586). Possibly pyrenomycetes? Sillia ferruginea or Cryptospora corylina or Massariosphaeria rubicunda or ?? (personal communication with Gerhard Koller, see observation 84928). Interestingly, the same situation was fond in my first observation of Tectella patellaris. Fruitbodies were growing in groups, more than 30 of them on the branch; fruitbodies in different stage of development from very young to fairly old; pileus diameter 5 - 25 mm (1/5 to 1 inch), smell indistinctive, SP white. Weather conditions during observation: rainy, frozen vegetation and ground, temperatures about 0 degC ( 32 degF). - Spores small, smooth, cylindrical, somewhat allantoids. Dimensions: 4.3 (SD = 0.3) x 1.3 (SD = 0.1) micr., Q = 3.42 (SD = 0.37), n = 30. Motic B2-211A, magnification 1.000 x, oil, in water.
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Slo.: prevleena eladica - syn.: Mycena viscosa Maire, Mycena citrinella (Pers.: Fr.) Kummer - Habitat: mixed wood, Picea abies and Fagus sylvatica dominant trees; among mosses, flat terrain, calcareous ground, moist place, in shade, partly protected from direct rain by tree canopies; average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 4-6 deg C, elevation 960 m (3.150 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. Substratum: soil, small, rotten branches, leaf and needles litter. Comments: There are hundreds of species and lower level taxa of genus Mycena described in the literature. The species of this genus are all but simple for determination. Taxonomy is not yet settled and is constantly changing. However, Mycena epipterygia is relatively easy to spot and recognized. It is a common fungus and its characteristic elastic and removable hut cutis and lightly yellowish (with green tint in this case) and like half translucent appearing stipe are reasonably reliable traits for an amateur determination. A good test is also as follows: after one breaks its hollow stipe into two parts, both parts remain connected with a rubbery, elastic cuticle. Nevertheless this species is highly variable in color, size, spore width and other characteristics. In this observation the mushrooms were growing scattered solitary and in small groups of a few fruit bodies, altogether 12-15 pilei on a few m2 of forest ground; pilei diameter 8 - 12 mm, stipe 5 - 8 cm long and 1 - 1.8 mm in diameter, stipe hollow and covered with a thin elastic cuticle like pilei; taste and smell unpleasant, weakly on soap?; SP too weak to enable reliable color determination, possibly whitish. Spores smooth. Dimensions: 8 [8.8 ; 9.3] 10.1 x 5.3 [6 ; 6.5] 7.2 microns; Q = 1.3 [1.4 ; 1.5] 1.6; N = 20; C = 95%; Me = 9 x 6.2 microns; Olympus CH20, NEA 100x/1.25, magnification 1.000 x, oil, in water. AmScope MA500 digital camera. Herbarium: Mycotheca and lichen herbarium (LJU-Li) of Slovenian Forestry Institute, Vena pot 2, Ljubljana, Index Herbariorum LJF Ref.: (1) J. Breitenbach, F. Kraenzlin, Eds., Fungi of Switzerland, Vol.3. Verlag Mykologia (1991), p 268. (2) G.J. Krieglsteiner (Hrsg.), Die Grosspilze Baden-Wrttembergs, Band 3., Ulmer (2001), p 431. (3) S. Buczacki, Collins Fungi Guide, Collins (2012), p 220. (4) R. Phillips, Mushrooms, Macmillan (2006), p 85. (5) M. Bon, Parey's Buch der Pilze, Kosmos (2005), p 182. (6) W. Rothmaler, Exkursionsflora von Deutschland, Vol.1, Niedere Pflanzen, Elsevier, 3. Auflage, (1994), p 413. (7) R.M. Daehncke, 1200 Pilze in Farbfotos, AT Verlag (2009), p 351.
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Amanita augusta is a species of agaric fungus in the family Amanitaceae found in Sonoma County.
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Slo.: visoka pleivka - Syn.: Calvatia excipuliformis, Hankea excipuliformis - Habitat: A small opening in dense Corypus avellana bushes, unmaintained grassland, former pasture, almost flat terrain, calcareous ground, partly in shade, exposed to direct rain, average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 7-9 deg C, elevation 570 m (1.880 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. - Substratum: soil. - Comments: Growing in a small group of 5-6 fruitbodies in different stage of development, the largest fruitbodies diameter 5.5 cm, height 8 cm, smell indistinctive when young, unpleasant when old, SP brown, surface from white oac900 through yellows oac847/784 to dark ocher oac722. Gleba initially white, at the end dark brown (darker than oac769). - Spores spherical, warty. Dimensions (without warts): 4.9 (SD = 0.21) x 4.8 (SD = 0.26) micr., Q = 1.02 (SD = 0.03), n = 30. Motic B2-211A with Olympus NEA 100x/1.25, magnification 1.000 x, oil, in water. - Ref.: (1) S.Buczacki, Collins Fungi Guide, Collins (2012), p 434. 4-6 dia. (2) G.J.Krieglsteiner (Hrsg.), Die Grosspilze Bade-Wrttembergs, Band 2, Ulmer (2000), p 136. 4-6 dia. (3) M.Bon, Parey's Buch der Pilze, Kosmos (2005), p 304. 5 dia. (4) R.Phillips, Mushrooms, Macmillan (2006), p 328. 3,5-5,5 dia.
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