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Slo.: pouzarjeva itovka - Habitat: Mixed forest, Fagus sylvatica and Picea abies dominant trees; moderately inclined mountain slope, southeast aspect; relatively warm and dry place; colluvial, calcareous, skeletal ground; in shade; average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 7-9 deg C, elevation 600 m (2.000 feet), alpine phytogeographical region.Substratum: completely rotten stump of Picea abies.Comments: Pluteus pouzarianus belongs to Pluteus cervinus agg. Variability of size, color, etc. of members of this group is so big that several authors claim they can hardly be determined in the field. Microscopy is needed. Pluteus pouzarianus is distinguished from other options, particularly from common Pluteus cervinus s.s., by: about 40% of hypha in pileipellis having clamps and it grows exclusively on conifer wood. Usually it has (in average) grayer cap and it is of somewhat smaller size. It seems, traits of the find fit well to literature.There were two pilei present in this find. Pilei diameter 4 and 4.5 cm, surface velvety-waxy for palpation, cuticle peels off easily; stipe 4.5 and 5 cm tall, diameter in the middle 6 and 6.5 mm, 'bulbous'; smell faint, lightly on radish; taste faint, slightly mushroomy and on radish; SP abundant, pinkish-ocher, oac651.Spores smooth. Dimensions: 6 [6,8 ; 7,1] 7,9 x 4,6 [5,1 ; 5,3] 5,7 microns; Q = 1,2 [1,3 ; 1,4] 1,5; N = 33; C = 95%; Me = 7 x 5,2 microns; Qe = 1,3. Pleurocystidia numerous, horned. Dimensions: 41.2 [53 ; 58.6] 70.3 x 11.9 [15 ; 16.5] 19.6 microns; Q = 2.6 [3.4 ; 3.8] 4.5; N = 27; C = 95%; Me = 55.8 x 15.7 microns; Qe = 3.6. Olympus CH20, NEA 100x/1.25, magnification 1.000 x, oil (spores); NEA 40x/0.65, magnification 400x (cheilocystidia, pleurocystidia, pileipellis hypha), NEA 10x/0.25, magnification 100x (pileipellis); fresh material, in water. AmScope MA500 digital camera.Herbarium: Mycotheca and lichen herbarium (LJU-Li) of Slovenian Forestry Institute, Vena pot 2, Ljubljana, Index Herbariorum LJFRef.:(1) R.Lliffe, Getting to Grips with Pluteus, Field mycology, Vol.11 (3) 2010, p78; available at: http://www.britmycolsoc.org.uk/files/9413/3094/7703/Pluteus%20Getting%20to%20grips%20with%20Richard%20Iliffe%20final%20version%20on%2012%20July%202010.pdf (2) J. Breitenbach, F. Kraenzlin, Eds., Fungi of Switzerland, Vol.4. Verlag Mykologia (1995), p 128. (3) http://www.photomazza.com/?Pluteus-cervinus (P.cervinus)(4) http://www.mycodb.fr/fiche.php?genre=Pluteus&espece=pouzarianus&numphoto=6&source=list&filter=&numfiche=4723 (5) http://www.funghiitaliani.it/?showtopic=71917 (6) http://www.mykoweb.com/CAF/species/Pluteus_pouzarianus.html SP 5.5-8.5 (9.0) microns(7) http://www.ambmuggia.it/forum/topic/5566-pluteus-pouzarianus/?mode=threaded (8) C. Bas et al. Flora Agaricina Neerlandica, Vol.2., CRC Press (1990), p 35; available at: https://books.google.si/books?id=Z-xGzC7Nic4C&pg=PA35&lpg=PA35&dq=pluteus+pouzarianus&source=web&ots=VJVAUEjZWc&sig=hq0pk6ZuW-PKGDURPJKX_cUpf3g&redir_esc=y&hl=sl#v=onepage&q=pluteus%20pouzarianus&f=false
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Syn.: Cyphellopsis anomala, Persoon: Fries 1821, Cyphellopsis confuse, (Bresadola 1903) Reid 1964, Solenia stipata, Fuckel 1870 - Habitat: Path side surrounded by pastures and mixed wood, near a farm house, locally flat terrain on southeast oriented mountain slope, open place, however, because of mountain ridges only about two hours of sun per day in winter months; mixed overgrown old scree and alluvial deposits, calcareous ground, exposed to direct rain, average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 7-9 deg C, elevation 560 m (1.850 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. - Substratum: on cut-off surface of three felled down Juglans regia trunks in its initial disintegration stage. - Comments: I initially thought these tiny mushrooms were ascomycete cup fungi. However, under the microscope, the species turned out to be a rather peculiar, cup-shaped basidiomycete. It had been thriving almost the whole January 2014 (the warmest ever measured in Slovenia!) on these logs. The species is not present in the Slovenian fungi check list (Ref.: 1). This surprises because it has been recorded in all surrounding countries and is not considered a very rare one. Surprises also the substratum found. Ref.: 2. states 39 different species of hardwood, however, Juglans regia is not among them. The logs were infected with Ascocorine sarcodes, Trametes sp, and Exidia sp. too. - Taxonomy of this genus (syn.: Cyphellopsis / Solenia) seems not yet fixed. Several mycologists agree that it is almost impossible to distinguish among many described species in it. It has already been a member of several genera. In addition, some DNA analysis doesn't support presently supposed morphological division into species and speaks more in the direction of a 'cloud' of highly variable forms probably representing a genus, which is in a vigorous (micro)evolutionary process (Ref.:2). Strange enough, its closely related to gilled mushrooms and is placed in the family Niaceae, which includes, hard believing, salt-water-inhabiting fungi (Ref.:7.). The whole taxonomy story is nicely described in Ref. 5. - Spores smooth. Dimensions: 8.8 [9.7 ; 10.1] 11 x 4.5 [5 ; 5.2] 5.7 microns, Q = 1.7 [1.9 ; 2] 2.2 ; N = 25 ; C = 95%, Me = 9.9 x 5.1 microns ; Qe = 1.9. Basidia dimensions: 28.7 [38.7 ; 47.9] 57.9 x 4.6 [5.5 ; 6.3] 7.2 microns, Q = 6.2 [7 ; 7.7] 8.4 ; N = 10 ; C = 95%, Me = 43.3 x 5.9 microns, Qe = 7.3. Olympus CH20 NEA 100x/1.25, magnification 1.000 x, oil (spores); NEA 40x/0.65, magnification 400x (asci, hairs), in water. AmScope MA500 digital camera. - Herbarium: Mycotheca and lichen herbarium (LJU-Li) of Slovenian Forestry Institute, Vena pot 2, Ljubljana, Index Herbariorum LJF - Ref.: (1) A. Poler, ed., Seznam gliv Slovenije (in Slovene), 2nd Ed., Assoc. of Mycol. Soc. of Slovenia (1998). (2) G.J. Krieglsteiner (Hrsg.), Die Grosspilze Baden-Wrttembergs, Band 3., Ulmer (2001), p 601. - 3) S. Buczacki, Collins Fungi Guide, Collins (2012), p 394. - 4) http://www.britmycolsoc.org.uk/files/2113/0209/2479/PFRN%20Newsletter%202-2011.pdf - (5) http://www.psms.org/sporeprints/SP464.pdf (6) http://www.mycobank.org/BioloMICS.aspx?Link=T&TableKey=14682616000000063&Rec=6692&Fields=All (7) P. Bodensteiner, M. Binder, JM. Moncalvo, R. Agerer and D.S. Hibbett, Phylogenetic relationships of cyphelloid homobasidiomycetes, Mole. Phylogenetics and Evol. (2004), 30 : 115. available at http://www.clarku.edu/faculty/dhibbett/Reprints%20PDFs/Bodensteiner%20et%20al%202004%20MPE.pdf
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Slo.: sijajna koprenka, smrdei razliek (?) - syn.: Cortinarius splendens ssp. meinhardii (Bon) Brand. Melot, Cortinarius splendens Hry., Cortinarius vitellinus Moser - Habitat: steep northwest oriented mountain slope, mixed wood, Fagus sylvatica and Picea abies dominant trees, in shade, quite humid place, calcareous ground, partly protected from direct rain by tree canopies, average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 8-10 deg C, elevation 1.020 m (3.350 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. - Substratum: soil, among fallen leaves and needles. - Comments: Contrary to several authors Kriegelsteiner (Ref.: 2) distinguishes Cortinarius splendens from Cortinarius meinhardii and grounds this position on molecular studies made by Garnica. He describes almost no morphological difference between both. Dimensions, shapes, colors, type of ground and spores of both species are almost the same, smell and habitat being exceptions. C. meinhardii should be mycorrhizal partner with conifers (mostly Picea abies), should climb up to upper montane elevations and should have distinct smell on blackpepper. On the other hand, C. splendens should grow at lower elevations, mostly in planes, should be associated with broadleaved trees (mostly Fagus sylvatica) and should have no distinctive smell. The mushrooms photographed grow in mixed mountain wood, Picea abies and Fagus sylvatica being dominant; they were found in montane elevations and have mild, pleasant smell, definitely not on black pepper. So, there was little ground to decide for one or another options. Fortunately (at least for me), it was not necessary. Index Fungorum keeps both names as synonyms taking C. meinhardii as currently valid name. - Cortinarius meinhardii is a very beautiful mushroom, but also one of deadly poisonous. Especially unfortunate fact is that medical problems pop out only after three to 14 days after ingesting when all poison is already absorbed in the body and nothing more can be done to revert or prevent this. Ref. 4. even discourage testing its taste for determination purposes! Nevertheless, I tested it without knowing what I was testing. No unpleasant consequences have been observed. I would not test it again and I don't encourage others to do so. But, under the procedure, which I always use, that is: I always test less than 1 g of an unknown mushroom (I verified this once using a micro weighing scale), test it for about 20-30 sec, spat out everything and rinse my mouth with tap water, there were no (observable?) consequences. Cortinarius meinhardii is limited to Europe and considered quite rare. - Growing in a small group of three sporocarps. Pilei diameter 4.5-6.5 cm, cuticle sticky, stipe 4-7 cm tall, 1.3 cm in diameter, bulb up to 3 cm in diameter; smell mild, specific but I don't know on what; taste mild but unique, somewhat sweet; SP abundant, brown-orange, oac713; 5% KOH reaction on cuticle distinctive red-brown, on trama ocher-yellow,weaker than on cuticle. - Spores smooth, warty. Dimensions: 10,2 [11,2 ; 11,6] 12,5 x 6 [6,5 ; 6,7] 7,2 micr., Q = 1,6 [1,7 ; 1,8] 1,9; N = 35; C = 95%; Me = 11,4 x 6,6 micr.; Qe = 1,7. Olympus CH20, NEA 100x/1.25, magnification 1.000 x, oil. AmScope MA500 digital camera. - Herbarium: Mycotheca and lichen herbarium (LJU-Li) of Slovenian Forestry Institute, Vena pot 2, Ljubljana, Index Herbariorum LJF - Ref.: (1) Personal communication with Mr. Bojan Rot, www.gobenabovskem.com (2) G.J. Krieglsteiner (Hrsg.), Die Grosspilze Baden-Wrttembergs, Band 5., Ulmer (2003), p 138. 9-12/ 5.5-6.5(7) mandel, warty (3) R. Phillips, Mushrooms, Macmillan (2006), p 175. 10-13/5-6.5, roughened CS (4) S. Buczacki, Collins Fungi Guide, Collins (2012), p 334. 10-11/5-6 warty CS (5) M. Bon, Parey's Buch der Pilze, Kosmos (2005), p 212. 10-12/6 CS (6) R.M. Daehncke, 1200 Pilze in Farbfotos, AT Verlag (2009), p 764. 10-11/5-6 CM in 9-12/5.5-7 CS
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Slo.: pobeljena livka - syn.: Clitocybe rivulosa (Pers.: Fr.) Kummer - Habitat: alpine pasture near mixed wood edge; flat terrain, open, sunny place; old alluvium, calcareous ground; exposed to direct rain; average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 5-7 deg C, elevation 970 m (3.200 feet), alpine phytogeographical region.Substratum: soil.Comments: Some authors claim that Clitocybe dealbata is deadly poisonous species. Growing in a group of several pilei. SP whitish, crme, oac858.Spores smooth. Dimensions: 4,3 [5,1 ; 5,4] 6,2 x 3 [3,5 ; 3,7] 4,2 microns; Q = 1,2 [1,4 ; 1,5] 1,7; N = 40; C = 95%; Me = 5,2 x 3,6 microns; Qe = 1,5. Olympus CH20, NEA 100x/1.25, magnification 1.000 x, oil, in water, in vivo. AmScope MA500 digital camera.Ref.:(1) Id'ed by Mr. Bojan Rot, www.gobenabovskem.com(2) G.J. Krieglsteiner (Hrsg.), Die Grosspilze Baden-Wrttembergs, Band 3., Ulmer (2001), p 187. (4) R. Phillips, Mushrooms, Macmillan (2006), p 92. (5) J. Breitenbach, F. Kraenzlin, Eds., Fungi of Switzerland, Vol.3., Verlag Mykologia (1991), p 152. (6) S. Buczacki, Collins Fungi Guide, Collins (2012), p 168.
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Slo.: Vrčajeva koprenka - Habitat: Pasture, a few meters off wood side, consisting of mainly broadleaved trees: dominant Fagus sylvatica, Ostria carpinifolia but also in the reach of roots of young Picea abies and of a small bush of Juniperus communis; south oriented warm mountain slope, calcareous ground, fairly sunny and dry place, exposed to direct rain, average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 7-9 deg C, elevation 600 m (2.000 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. - Substratum: soil. - Comments: A few fruitbodies scattered around; pileus diameter 5.5-7 cm, fruitbodies up to 7 cm tall; pileus slightly sticky; taste: indistinctive, slightly mushroomy, unpleasant; smell: mildly on earth, pleasant; SP abundant, deep rusty-orange-brown, oac727; flesh whitish with pale violet, reddish-violet tint at the bottom of the stem, after 24 hours in refrigerator flesh became gray, however vivid colors of the pileus remained persistent also after a few days. - Spores smooth, coarsely warty. Dimensions: 12.3 (SD = 0.7) x 6.6 (SD = 0.3) micr., Q = 1.88 (SD = 0.13), n = 30. Olympus CH20, NEA 100x/1.25, magnification 1.000 x, oil, in water; AmScope MA500. - Ref.: (1) Id'ed by Mr. Bojan Rot, www.gobenabovskem.com (2) J.Breitenbach, F.Kraenzlin, Eds., Fungi of Switzerland, Vol.5. Verlag Mykologia (1984), p 198. (3) S.Buczacki, Collins Fungi Guide, Collins (2012), p 332. (4) G.J.Krieglsteiner (Hrsg.), Die Grosspilze Bade-Wrttembergs, Band 5, Ulmer (2003), p 163. (5) http://www.rogersmushrooms.com/gallery/DisplayBlock~bid~5447~gid~~source~gallerydefault.asp
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Slo.: obledela vlanica - Habitat: Open, unimproved grassland, sheep pasture; moderately northeast oriented mountain slope, calcareous ground, mostly sunny, exposed to direct rain, average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 6-8 deg C, elevation 640 m (2.100 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. - Substratum: soil. - Comments: growing in a small group of about 8 pilei; pileus diameter 3-6 cm, very slimy, stem up to 8 cm long, 5-9 mm in diameter, slimy too, some compressed with longitudinal grove; context yellow, fragile; SP white (oac900); taste and smell indistinctive. - Spore dimensions: 8.3 (SD = 0.6) x 5.4 (SD = 0.4) micr., Q = 1.54 (SD = 0.09), n = 30. Olympus CH20, Olympus NEA 100x/1,25, oil, magnification 1.000 x, in water. - Ref.: (1) D. Boertmann, Hygrocybe, 2nd Rev., Svampetryk (2010), p 150. 7,5-9/4-5,5 (2) S.Buczacki, Collins Fungi Guide, Collins (2012), p 270. 6,5-9/4,5-6 (3) G.J.Krieglsteiner (Hrsg.), Die Grosspilze Bade-Wrttembergs, Band 3, Ulmer (2001), p 43. (4) M.Bon, Parey's Buch der Pilze, Kosmos (2005), p 106. 8/4,5
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Slo.: razsejana tintnica - Habitat: Mixed woodland, in a ravine, cretaceous clastic rock (flysh), partly protected from direct rain by tree canopies, in shade, average precipitations ~3.000 mm/year, average temperature 8-10 deg C, elevation 430 m (1.400 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. - Substratum: moss covered base of a dead but still standing broadleaf tree. - Comments: Spore print black. Spore dimensions: 7,6 (SD=0.4) x 4.3 (SD=0.3) micr, n=20. - Ref.: M.Bon, Pareys Buch der Pilze, Kosmos (2005), p 272. R.M.Daehncke, 1200 Pilze in Farbfotos, AT Verlag (2009), p 552. D.Arora, Mushrooms Demystified, Ten Speed Press, Berkeley (1986), pp 325.
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Slo.: mala torovka - Habitat: North oriented mountain slope, deciduous tree forest, in a small opening, quite Humid place, partly in shade, partly protected from direct rain by tree canopies, average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 8-10 deg C, elevation 460 m (1.500 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. Substratum: a decayed stump of a deciduous tree. Place: Breginjski kot region, next to the trail through Pradol gorge, above the road to Robidie village, East Julian Alps, Posoje, Slovenia EC Ref.: (1) Personal communication with Mr. Gregor Podgornik, NAC. (2) S.Buczacki, Collins Fungi Guide, Collins (2012), p 118.
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Calborista subsculpta
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Slo.: zlatolasa tintnica - Habitat: A small meadow in mixed forest, grazed grassland, near a sheep stable, in short grass, many sheep drops around, in reach of solitary Betula pendula and Picea abies roots, almost flat terrain, calcareous ground, quite sunny place, exposed to direct rain, average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 8-10 deg C, elevations 440 m (1.450 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. - Substratum: soil. - Comments: Help appreciated! Determination uncertain. Expert opinions (Ref.:1. and 2.) disagree. Ref.1. considers C. auricomus much less robust, paler and not of so fasciculate growth. Could be C. disseminatus, but in this case the lack of velum remnants on pileus remains a secret. Ref.2. relies on description on Kees-Uljee`s page. The description there corresponds in general well to the observation. However, most of pictures on internet (including on Kees-Uljee`s page) definitely show much more gracile Habitus for C. auricomus. Unfortunately, cystidia has not been studied. Any idea? - Description: Growth fasciculate or a few together, over 150 fruitbodies present of all ages; pileus height up to 3.5 cm when still closed, diameter 4.5(6) cm when old and open, orange-brown when young, chestnut brown and shiny in the center when grown up, no velum remnants; stalk 4-6 mm diameter, 12(14) cm tall and white; SP black, caps disintegrated completely in a black mass with time; no distinct smell. - Spores smooth, red-brown with large apical pore. Dimensions: 10.5 (SD = 0.7) x 6.2 (SD = 0.4) micr., Q = 1.72 (SD = 0.10), n = 30. Motic B2-211A, magnification 1.000 x, oil, in water. - Ref.: (1) Personal communication with Mr. Anton Poler. (2) Personal communication with Mr. Gregor Podgornik, NAC, Tolmin, Slovenia. (3) http://www.grzyby.pl/coprinus-site-Kees-Uljee/species/auricomu.htm . (4) http://www.mykoweb.com/CAF/species/Parasola_auricoma.html . (5) http://www.amanitacesarea.com/coprinus-auricomus.html . (6) R.M. Daehncke, 1200 Pilze in Farbfotos, AT Verlag (2009), p 554. (7) http://www.waterwereld.nu/inktzwameng.html .
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