Tulostoma fimbriatum Fr., syn.: Tulostoma granulosum LeveilleFringed Stalkball, DE: Gewimperte StielbovistSlo.: resasti puharDat.: Sept. 25. 2015Lat.: 46.36021 Long.: 13.70228Code: Bot_914/2015_DSC9243Habitat: growing from crevices among limestone rocks of a dry wall forming border of a pasture; mosses, Asplenium trichomanes, Asplenium ruta-muraria, Geranium macrorrhizum, Geranium robertianum, Sedum album also growing on the wall; about 1 m above ground level; half sunny, dry place, south aspect; partly under a large Tilia cordata canopy; partly protected from direct rain by it; average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 7 - 9 deg C, elevation 600 m (2.000 feet), alpine phytogeographical regionSubstratum: small amount of mixture of sandy soil and raw humus plus mosses among limestone rocks.Place: Lower Trenta valley, right bank of river Soa between villages Soa and Trenta, 'Na melu' place near cottage Trenta 2b, East Julian Alps, Posoje, Slovenia EC Comments: Spore sac subglobose, diameter 11 mm, height 9.5 mm; peridium quite firm, with granular surface (adhering grains) particularly at the bottom of it; much of spore material has already gone (seems an older sporocarp); peridium hole almost without projecting peristome, irregular, with fibrous edge, no darker hallo around it; stalk 55 mm long, spindle shaped, diameter 3.5 mm at the apex and 5 mm max at about 1/3 of its height, tough and hard, not pliant, very coarsely fibrous; fruitbody no smell, taste not tested; volva almost absent; capillitium hypha abundant, long, firm, elastic, thick walled, branched, rough on several places, septa rare, no clamps observed, hypha not much inflated at the septa; crystals very rare (if at all present); spore on mass and SP rusty-brown, oac684. Fruitbody was growing solitary.There are two species of genus Tulostoma listed in Slovenian check list of fungi - Tulostoma brumale and Tulostoma fimbriatum. The most common species of this genus is Tulostoma brumale, but observed traits apparently do not fit to it. This observation has very indistinctive volva (just a few brown scales), fruitbody has almost no projecting peristome and brownish hallo around it, crystals have been barely seen (if at all?), spores are too large and hypha at the septa is not or only slightly inflated (not strongly as for Tulostoma brumale according to Ref.:3 and others). Apparently macro- and microscopic traits fit well to Tulostoma fimbriatum. Habitat seems at first a bit strange (usually found on sandy soil and dunes) but Ref.:1. explicitly states also ' ... solitary also on old walls made of calcareous rocks...'. The only thing, which puzzles me, is spore surface. Shape and size if the spores agree with expectations reasonably well, however, all sources agree that their surface should be (minutely?) warty. My observations barely show 'warts'. Actually spores look like slightly polygonal, some warts can be seen here and there, but some spores seem also completely smooth (not in focus?). This could be due to my poor equipment and experience or the warts are very low, or they can be seen only if colored, or the spores are not yet mature (doesn't seem the case according to the condition of the fruitbody), or possibly this is not Tulostoma fimbriatum. Spores subglobose and variably shaped. Dimensions: 4.5 [5.2 ; 5.5] 6.2 x 4 [4.6 ; 4.8] 5.4 microns; Q = 0.9 [1.1 ; 1.2] 1.4; N = 40 ; C = 95%; Me = 5.4 x 4.7 microns; Qe = 1.2. Hypha diameter: 2.9 [4 ; 4.5] 5.6 microns; N = 29 ; C = 95%; Me = 4.2 microns (Ref.:2. 3 - 6 microns). Olympus CH20, NEA 100x/1.25, magnification 1.000 x, oil (spores, septa); NEA 40x/0.65, magnification 400x (hypha), in water. AmScope MA500 digital camera.Herbarium: Mycotheca and lichen herbarium (LJU-Li) of Slovenian Forestry Institute, Vena pot 2, Ljubljana, Index Herbariorum LJFRef.:(1) R.M. Daehncke, 1200 Pilze in Farbfotos, AT Verlag (2009), p 1096. (2) J. Breitenbach, F. Kraenzlin, Eds., Fungi of Switzerland, Vol.2. Verlag Mykologia (1986), p 396.(3) G.J. Krieglsteiner (Hrsg.), Die Grosspilze Baden-Wrttembergs, Band 2., Ulmer (2000), p 181. (4) W. Rothmaler, Exkursionsflora von Deutschland, Vol.1, Niedere Pflanzen, Elsevier, 3. Auflage (1994), p 511.(5) M.Bon, Parey'sBuch der Pilze, Kosmos (2005), p 300. (6) S.Buczacki, Collins Fungi Guide, Collins (2012), p 444.
Cortinarius elegantissimusSlo.: zala koprenkaDat.: Oct. 31. 2011Lat.: 46.36509 Long.: 13.75051Code: Bot_568/2011_DSC0770 Habitat: Mixed forest, dominant Fagus sylvatica and Picea abies, moderately NE inclined mountain slope, calcareous rocky ground, quite humid and cool place, partly in shade, no sun during winter months, partly protected from direct rain by tree canopies, average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 4-6 deg C, elevation 950 m (3.100 feet), alpine phytogeographical region.Substratum: Forest soil covered by old Fagus sylvatica leaves, under Fagus sylvatica.Place: Lower Trenta valley, below Planina Lepo, next to the mountain trail from village Trenta to planina Trebina, East Julian Alps, Posoje, Slovenia EC Comments: Growing solitary; pileus diameter ~8 cm (3 inch); taste indistinctive, mild; smell mild, pleasant but distinctive on what?; SP rusty (oac747); cap of vivid colors, rust-orange-brown (oac698) in the center and yellow at the edge; gills brown (oac699) (initially with green tint). 5%KOH reaction instant, on cup dark red, on stipe carmine red, indistinctive on trama. Spores rough, lemon-shaped. Dimensions: 14.8 (SD = 1.2) x 8.2 (SD = 0.7) micr., Q = 1.81 (SD = 0.14), n = 30. Motic B2-211A, magnification 1.000x, oil, in water. Ref.:(1) R.Phillips, Mushrooms, Macmillan (2006), p 173. (2) M.Bon, Parey's Buch der Pilze, Kosmos (2005), p 212. (3) G.J.Krieglsteiner (Hrsg.), Die Grosspilze Baden-Wrttembergs, Band 5, Ulmer (2003), p 117. (4)
www.bioimages.org.uk/html/r151409.htm .
Mycena epipterygia (Scop.: Fr.) Gray, syn.: Mycena viscosa Maire, Mycena citrinella (Pers.: Fr.) KummerYellowleg Bonnet, DE: Dehnbarer Helmling, berhuteter HelmlingSlo.: prevleena eladicaDat.: Oct. 22. 2015Lat.: 46.40463 Long.: 13.70942Code: Bot_922/2015_DSC9561Picture file names: from Mycena-epipterygia_raw_1 to Mycena-epipterygia_raw_6.Habitat: mixed wood, Picea abies and Fagus sylvatica dominant trees; among mosses, flat terrain, calcareous ground, moist place, in shade, partly protected from direct rain by tree canopies; average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 4-6 deg C, elevation 960 m (3.150 feet), alpine phytogeographical region.Substratum: soil, small, rotten branches, leaf and needles litter.Place: Zadnja Trenta valley, 50 m northwest of the final parking place of the access road to Zapodn place, East Julian Alps, Posoje, Slovenia EC Comments: There are hundreds of species and lower level taxa of genus Mycena described in the literature. The species of this genus are all but simple for determination. Taxonomy is not yet settled and is constantly changing. However, Mycena epipterygia is relatively easy to spot and recognized. It is a common fungus and its characteristic elastic and removable hut cutis and lightly yellowish (with green tint in this case) and like half translucent appearing stipe are reasonably reliable traits for an amateur determination. A good test is also as follows: after one breaks its hollow stipe into two parts, both parts remain connected with a rubbery, elastic cuticle. Nevertheless this species is highly variable in color, size, spore width and other characteristics. In this observation the mushrooms were growing scattered solitary and in small groups of a few fruit bodies, altogether 12-15 pilei on a few m2 of forest ground; pilei diameter 8 - 12 mm, stipe 5 - 8 cm long and 1 - 1.8 mm in diameter, stipe hollow and covered with a thin elastic cuticle like pilei; taste and smell unpleasant, weakly on soap?; SP too weak to enable reliable color determination, possibly whitish.Spores smooth. Dimensions: 8 [8.8 ; 9.3] 10.1 x 5.3 [6 ; 6.5] 7.2 microns; Q = 1.3 [1.4 ; 1.5] 1.6; N = 20; C = 95%; Me = 9 x 6.2 microns; Olympus CH20, NEA 100x/1.25, magnification 1.000 x, oil, in water. AmScope MA500 digital camera.Herbarium: Mycotheca and lichen herbarium (LJU-Li) of Slovenian Forestry Institute, Vena pot 2, Ljubljana, Index Herbariorum LJFRef.:(1) J. Breitenbach, F. Kraenzlin, Eds., Fungi of Switzerland, Vol.3. Verlag Mykologia (1991), p 268. (2) G.J. Krieglsteiner (Hrsg.), Die Grosspilze Baden-Wrttembergs, Band 3., Ulmer (2001), p 431.(3) S. Buczacki, Collins Fungi Guide, Collins (2012), p 220. (4) R. Phillips, Mushrooms, Macmillan (2006), p 85. (5) M. Bon, Parey's Buch der Pilze, Kosmos (2005), p 182. (6) W. Rothmaler, Exkursionsflora von Deutschland, Vol.1, Niedere Pflanzen, Elsevier, 3. Auflage, (1994), p 413. (7) R.M. Daehncke, 1200 Pilze in Farbfotos, AT Verlag (2009), p 351.