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Slo.: mika, prstena kolobarnica - Habitat: Open predominantly Pinus sp. forest, south oriented slope, warm place, calcareous ground, under a Pine, almost fully exposed to direct rain, average precipitations ~3.000 mm/year, average temperature 7-9 deg C, elevation 735 m (2.400 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. - Substratum: soil. - Spore print white to crme. Taste and smell mild, indistinctive. These mushrooms grow in groups and lines. Spore dimensions: 7,3 (SD=0.5 x 4.8 (SD=0.4) micr., n=20. Motic B1-211A, magnification 1.000 x, oil, in water. - Ref.: (1) Personal communication Mr. Bojan Rot, http://www.gobenabovskem.si/index.php (2) J.Grom, Nae gobe (in Slovene), epna Knjiga, (1981), p 68. (3) G. Pace, Vse o gobah (in Slovene), Mladinska Knjiga (1997), p 143. (4) M.Bon, Pareys Buch der Pilze, Kosmos (2005), p 154 (5) D.Arora, Mushrooms Demystified, Ten Speed Press, Berkeley (1986), pp 182.
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Slo.: hrapavi luskinar - Habitat: Mixed forest, deciduous trees dominant, flat terrain, cretaceous clastic rock (flysh) bedrock, in shade, relatively moist place, partly protected from direct rain by tree canopies, average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 8-10 deg C, elevations 410 m (1.350 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. - Substratum: base of a Fraxinus excelsior, still growing and in good shape. - Comments: Growing in two dense clusters, many fruitbodies; pileus diameter up to 8 cm, sporocarp up to 11 cm tall; caps ocher-gold-yellow (oac583), in the center darker, red brown (oac715), scales brown (oac748); gills dry-brown with some greenish tint (oac785), stem concolorous with the cap, lighter above ring, darker at the base (oac855), trama beige-yellow (oac855); taste unpleasant somewhat radish; smell mild, a bit spicy (?) , SP abundant, brown (oac769) to chocolate brown when thick (pac796). - Spores dark, thick walled, smooth. Dimensions: 7.7 (SD = 0.3) x 4.5 (SD = 0.2) μ, Q = 1.69 (SD = 0.08), n = 30. Olympus CH20, NEA 100x/1.25, magnification 1.000 x, oil, in water. AmScope MA500 digital camera. - Ref.: (1) D.Arora, Mushrooms Demystified, Ten Speed Press, Berkeley (1986), p 389. (2) M.Bon, Parey's Buch der Pilze, Kosmos (2005), p 256. (3) R.Phillips, Mushrooms, Macmillan (2006), p 212. (4) S.Buczacki, Collins Fungi Guide, Collins (2012), p 118.
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Slo.: vitkobetna sehlica, lukova sehlica - syn.: Agaricus alliaceus Jacq., Chamaeceras alliaceus (Jacq.) Kuntze, Marasmius alliaceus (Jacq.: Fr.) Fr. - Habitat: mixed mountain forest, Fagus sylvatica, Picea abies dominant trees; steep mountain slope, southwest aspect; calcareous ground; in half shade; partly protected from direct rain by tree canopies, average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 3-5 deg C, elevation 1.230 m (4.040 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. Substratum: forest soil and fallen Fagus sylvatica leaves. Comments: Mycetinis alliaceus is easy to recognize by its very slender growth, surprisingly tough and pliant stipe and, before all, strong smell on onions/garlic. It is a quite common species in Trenta valley and also easy to spot. Growing solitary. SP abundant, white. Spores smooth. Dimensions: 8.8 [10.1 ; 10.6] 11.8 x 5.8 [6.7 ; 7] 7.9 microns; Q = 1.3 [1.5] 1.7; N = 35; C = 95%; Me = 10.3 x 6.8 microns; Qe = 1.5. Motic B2-211A, magnification 1.000 x, oil, in water, fresh material. AmScope MA500 digital camera. Ref.: (1) Personal communication and identification Mr. Bojan Rot, www.gobenabovskem.si . (2) J. Breitenbach, F. Kraenzlin, Eds., Fungi of Switzerland, Vol.3. Verlag Mykologia (1991), p 232. (3) G.J. Krieglsteiner (Hrsg.), Die Grosspilze Baden-Wrttembergs, Band 3., Ulmer (2001), p 341. SP 5-7.5 wide (4) M. Bon, Parey's Buch der Pilze, Kosmos (2005), p 174. (5) R. Phillips, Mushrooms, Macmillan (2006), p 119.
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Slo.: navadna koprenka - Habitat: Steep mountain forest, mainly broad-leafed trees with some Picea abies, Fagus sylvatica dominant, south oriented slope; mostly in shade, relatively warm place; cretaceous clastic rock (flysh) bedrock, partly protected from direct rain by tree canopies; average precipitations ~2.600 mm/year, average temperature 6-8 deg C, elevation 760 m (2.500 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. - Substratum: soil with a lot of organic debris, leafs, wood, etc. - Comments: Growing in a group of several sporocarps, pileus diameter up to 7 cm, stipe height up to 11 cm, diameter about 1.3 cm; context relatively thin, gills broader; taste indistinctive, smell mushroomy, mild, slightly unpleasant; SP ocher-brown, oac709. - Spores verrucose, amygdaliform. Dimensions: 12.1 (SD = 1.0) x 6.5 (SD = 0.4) , Q = 1.86 (SD = 0.08), n = 30. Olympus CH20, NEA 100x/1.25, magnification 1.000 x, oil, in water. AmScope MA500 digital camera. - Herbarium: Mycotheca and lichen herbarium (LJU-Li) of Slovenian Forestry Institute, Vena pot 2, Ljubljana, Index Herbariorum LJF - Ref.: (1) Personal communication with Mr. Gregor Podgornik. (2) J. Breitenbach, F. Kraenzlin, Eds., Fungi of Switzerland, Vol.5. Verlag Mykologia (1984), p 232. (3) S. Buczacki, Collins Fungi Guide, Collins (2012), p 338. (4) R. Phillips, Mushrooms, Macmillan (2006), p 169. (5) G..J. Krieglsteiner (Hrsg.), Die Grosspilze Baden-Wrttembergs, Band 5, Ulmer (2003), p 69. (6) M. Bon, Parey's Buch der Pilze, Kosmos (2005), p 202.
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Slo.: velika tintnica
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Slo.: vijoliasta koprenka, jelova podvrsta - Habitat: overgrown alluvial deposits, a small patch of an open and pure Picea abies forest growing on a long time abandoned alpine pasture, lightly overgrown calcareous ground, flat terrain, mostly in shade, partly protected from direct rain by tree canopies, average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 4-6 deg C, elevation 970 m (3.200 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. - Substratum: soil among large Picea abies trees. - Comments: This strikingly beautifully colored mushroom presumably occurs in two forms. Depending on the author they are treated on species, subspecies or variety level or both considered as a single species. The main distinguishing traits would be habitat (broadleaf versus conifers forest) and spore width (C. hercynicus has broader spores). Measured spore width in this observation is somewhere in between both options, slightly inclined toward C. hercynicus. In addition, the mushrooms were growing in a pure Picea abies stand in alpine phytogeographical region, which also speaks in favor of C. hercynicus. Two writings of subspecies name are in use - hercynicus and harcynicus, the second one being correct (Ref.:(1)). - Growing in large groups, certainly more than 50 pilei present in a relatively small area around about ten, fifteen large Picea abies trees. Pileus diameter up to 10 cm; taste and smell faint, indistinctive; SP abundant, orange-brown, oac728, 5% KOH reactions on flesh red. - Spores fine warty. Dimensions: 11.2 [12.5 ; 13.1] 14.4 x 7.7 [8.3 ; 8.6] 9.2 microns, Q = 1.3 [1.5 ; 1.6] 1.7 ; N = 27 ; C = 95%, Me = 12.8 x 8.4 microns; Qe = 1.5. Olympus CH20, NEA 100x /1.25, magnification 1.000 x, oil, in water. AmScope MA500 digital camera. - Herbarium: Mycotheca and lichen herbarium (LJU-Li) of Slovenian Forestry Institute, Vena pot 2, Ljubljana, Index Herbariorum LJF. - Ref.: (1) J. Breitenbach, F. Kraenzlin, Eds., Fungi of Switzerland, Vol.5. Verlag Mykologia (1984), p 142. (2) G. J. Krieglsteiner (Hrsg.), Die Grosspilze Baden-Wrttembergs, Band 5, Ulmer (2003), p 12. (3) M. Bon, Parey's Buch der Pilze, Kosmos (2005), p 222. (4) R. Phillips, Mushrooms, Macmillan (2006), p 186. (5) D. Arora, Mushrooms Demystified, Ten Speed Press, Berkeley (1986), p 446. (6) R.M. Daehncke, 1200 Pilze in Farbfotos, AT Verlag (2009), p 711.
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Slo.: sivi lupinar - syn.: Agaricus vaginatus Bull., Amanita livida Pers., Amanitopsis albida (Fr.) S. Imai, Vaginata livida Gray and more than 100 others var. and fo. - Habitat: Mixed wood, mainly hardwoods, almost flat terrain, cretaceous clastic rock (flysh) bedrock, quite humid place, in shade; partly protected from direct rain by tree canopies; average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 8-10 deg C, elevation 400 m (1,280 feet), alpine phytogeographical region.Substratum: soil.Comments: Michael Kuo on his MuchroomExper,com site, which I like very much, writes: 'Amanita vaginata, is a gray to grayish brown species with a sack like volva, a lined cap margin, and no ring on its stem. That's the theory, anyway. The reality is that you might as well call a mushroom that meets this description 'Steve,' if you want to be scientific. Perhaps there are a few highly variable species, and perhaps things like cap color, the 'constrictedness' of the volva, and spore dimensions can accurately predict phylogenetically distinct species - but I doubt it.' Experts have described tens of similar looking mushrooms. However, Index Fungorum, which knows for well above one hundred synonyms, gathers all of them together under the name Amanita vaginata. Probably, under this name many similar but at the same time very variable species exist, which of cause poses a hard problem to separate them.Since this find had almost white hut (normally it is supposed to be some kind of gray, grayish-brown) it may eventually be named also Amanita vaginata var. alba (De Seynes) Gillet. But the grayish buckle poses problems. Var. alba is supposed to be completely white. Anyway, the mushroom found was very elegant. This species is comestible, but I would never collect it since other, some of them deadly poisonous, Amanitas are also variable to an extent, which is only partly known. At least, not to me.Spores smooth, dimensions: (8,3) 9,1 - 12,2 (14,1) x (7,9) 8,9 - 11,8 (13,9) microns; Q = 1 - 1,06 (1,1); N = 39; Me = 10,5 x 10,2 microns; Qe = 1. Olympus CH20, NEA 100x/1.25, magnification 1.000 x, oil (spores); in water, fresh material. AmScope MA500 digital camera.Ref.: (1) Personal communication with Mr. Bojan Rot, www.gobenabovskem.si (2) http://www.mushroomexpert.com/amanita_vaginata.html (accessed Sept. 30. 2017) (3) R. Phillips, Mushrooms, Macmillan (2006), p 150. (4) J. Breitenbach, F. Kraenzlin, Eds., Fungi of Switzerland, Vol.4. Verlag Mykologia (2000), p 144. 5 (5) G.J. Krieglsteiner (Hrsg.), Die Grosspilze Baden-Wrttembergs, Band 4, Ulmer (2003), p 30.(6) M. Bon, Parey's Buch der Pilze, Kosmos (2005), p 294. (7) S. Buczacki, Collins Fungi Guide, Collins (2012), p 242.
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Slo.: leboroba korenovka - Syn.: Gymnopus dryophilus var.aquosus, Collybia aquosa - Habitat: Mixed woodland, under young Picea abies, cretaceous clastic rock (flysh), protected from direct rain by tree canopies, in shade, quite humid place, average precipitations ~3.000 mm/year, average temperature 8-10 deg C, elevation 460 m (1.600 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. - Substratum: soil and/or a thick layer of rotten leaves. - Comment: Spore print white. Taste and smell 'mushroomy', not strong. Spore dimensions: 5.9 (SD=0.3) x 3.2 (SD=0.2) micr., Q=1,8 (SD=0.14), n=30. Motic B2-211, magnification 1.000 x, oil, in water. - Ref.: (1) http://www.naturephoto-cz.com/gymnopus-aquosus-picture-11695.html. (2) http://www.biolib.cz/en/taxonimage/id15244/?taxonid=125691&type=1
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Slo.: irokolistna velekorenovka - syn.: Collybia platyphylla (Pers.) P. Kumm., Clitocybula platyphylla (Pers.) E. Ludw., Oudemansiella platyphylla (Pers.) Moser, Tricholomopsis platyphya and many others - Habitat: mixed wood, Fagus sylvatica and Picea abies dominant trees with some Ostrya carpinifolia and Fraxinus ornus; slightly inclined mountain slope, SE aspect; old colluvial, calcareous ground, in shade, dry and relatively warm place; partly protected from direct rain by tree canopies; average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 7-9 deg C, elevation 600 m (1.950), alpine phytogeographical region. Substratum: heavily rotten, moss covered stump of Fagus sylvatica. Comments: When I noticed this fungus I thought it was a kind of Pluteus (actually Pluteus cervinus (Schaeff.) P. Kumm. looks very similar). However, neither its spore print nor gills showed even a trace of pinkish color. So, it must be almost for sure Megacollybia platyphylla. Its streaked-looking gray-brown cap is typical. Genus Megacollybia was considered monophyletic (that is containing only one specie - Megacollybia platyphylla) not so far ago. Recent DNA sequencing in North America (Ref.3) showed that it can be separated to several distinct species (how many of them scientists do not agree, up to nine worldwide). One of them Megacollybia platyphylla was limited to Europe. Unfortunately newly recognized species in North America cannot practically be separated by macro-morphological traits (particularly not if geographic location is dismissed as a 'character'). They are all variable and all look alike. Even microscopy doesn't help. To determine them in the field one would need 'pocket DNA sequencer' (which doesn't exist). So it is: DNA-defined species do not always show observable differences in physical features. Megacollybia platyphylla is a common mushroom. There are conflicting reports about edibility of it. Some consider it conditionally edible, some weakly poisonous. Description of this find: Growing solitary; heavily eaten by snails; pileus diameter 13 cm, radially streaked, strakes peel off easily; trama thin, gills broad, beige, fragile; stipe 8 cm long, 23 mm in diameter at the base and 19 mm on top, firm, slightly hollow at the center, fibrous, firmly attached to the rotten wood by mycelial strands; smell slightly on sour bread, taste mild, indistinctive; SP faint, beige, oac814. Spores smooth. Dimensions: 7.3 [8 ; 8.3] 9 x 5.9 [6.5 ; 6.8] 7.4 microns; Q = 1.1 [1.2] 1.4; N = 30; C = 95%; Me = 8.1 x 6.7 microns; Qe = 1.2. Olympus CH20, NEA 100x/1.25, magnification 1.000 x, oil; in water, fresh material. AmScope MA500 digital camera. Herbarium: Mycotheca and lichen herbarium (LJU-Li) of Slovenian Forestry Institute, Vena pot 2, Ljubljana, Index Herbariorum LJF Ref.: (1) R. Phillips, Mushrooms, Macmillan (2006), p 96. (2) G.J. Krieglsteiner (Hrsg.), Die Grosspilze Baden-Wrttembergs, Band 3., Ulmer (2001), p 360. (3) http://www.mushroomexpert.com/megacollybia.html stanje megacolibija (4) J. Breitenbach, F. Kraenzlin, Eds., Fungi of Switzerland, Vol.3. Verlag Mykologia (1991), p 246. (5) L. Hagar, Ottova Encyklopedia Hb, Ottova Nakladatelstvi, Praha (2015) (in Slovakian), p 673. (6) R. Lueder, Grundkurs Pilzbestimmung, Quelle & Meyer (2008), p 223. (7) S. Buczacki, Collins Fungi Guide, Collins (2012), p 208.
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Slo.: enjeva vlanica - Habitat: In grass, unmaintained mountain pasture, flat terrain, calcareous ground, full sun, exposed to direct rain, average precipitations 2.000-2.600 mm/year, average temperature 6-8 deg C, elevations 1.050 m (3,450 feet), Dinaric phytogeographical region. - Substratum: soil. - Comments: Growing solitary or in small groups, pileus diameter up to 35 mm (1.5 inch), SP white. Spore shape and dimensions: smooth, almond shaped, 7,3 (SD = 0,5) x 4,8 (SD = 0,4) micr., Q = 1,57 (SD = 0,09), n = 30. Motic B2-211A, magnification 1.000 x, oil, in water. - Ref.: (1) D.Arora, Mushrooms Demystified, Ten Speed Press, Berkeley (1986), p 114.(2) R.M. Daehncke, 1200 Pilze in Farbfotos, AT Verlag (2009), p 170. (3) M.Bon, Parey's Buch der Pilze, Kosmos (2005), p 108.(4) A. Poler, Veselo po gobe, Mohorjeva druba, Celovec (2002), p 328.
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Slo.: strupena eladica - syn.: Mycena pura var. rosea, Schum - Habitat: Young mixed wood on a long time ago abandoned pasture, predominantly broadleaf trees: Fagus sylvatica, Betula pendula var. pendula, Ostrya carpinifolia, Fraxinus ornus, etc., almost flat terrain, shallow moderately acid soil on cretaceous clastic rock (flysh), partly protected from direct rain by tree canopies, relatively warm place, partly in shade, precipitations ~3.000 mm/year, average temperature 8-10 deg C, altitude 540 m (1.750 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. - Substratum: Forest soil under Fagus sylvatica. - Comment: Growing in groups, many fruitbodies in the vicinity, pileus diameter up to 6.5 cm (2.5 inch), up to 8 cm (3 inch) tall, smell on radish, SP crème (oac851), cap pink (oac633 to oac611), gills pink (oac619), stipe pink (oac634). Spores smooth. Dimensions: 7.4 (SD = 0.5) x 4.4 (SD = 0.2) micr., Q = 1.66 (SD = 0.1), n = 30. Motic B2-211A, magnification 1.000 x, oil, in water + Congo red. - Ref.: (1) R.M. Daehncke, 1200 Pilze in Farbfotos, AT Verlag (2009), p 368. (2) B. Perreau J, D. Boisselier MC, J. Lambourdiere (1996). Mycena sororia sp nov, close to M. rosea Gramberg (Basidiomycotina), Mycotaxon 60: 26373 (after Wikipedia). (3) http://home.online.no/~araronse/Mycenakey/rosea.htm . (4) A.Poler, Veselo po gobe (in Slovene), Mohorjeva druba Celovec (2002), p 205. (5) http://mycoweb.narod.ru/fungi/Mycena_rosea.html . (6) Personal communication, id'ed by Mr. Bojan Rot.
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Slo.: sivokoni kadilcek - Habitat: upland grassland on a mountain ridge, slightly north inclined slope, full sun, fully exposed to precipitations, a windy place, precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 1 - 3 deg C, elevation 2.100 m (6.900 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. - Substratum: soil - Many thanks to Mr. Darvin DeShazer for identification of the species.
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Slo.: rumeni smetiar - syn.: Bolbitius vitellinus (Pers.: Fr.) Fr., Bolbitius vitellinus var. titubans (Bull.: Fr.) Moser - Habitat: grassland; semiruderal, flat terrain near a village house; calcareous ground, shallow soil layer; nitrogen rich place (my dog's favorite place to pee); open, fairly sunny place; mowed several times per year; exposed to direct rain; average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 7 - 9 deg C, elevation 600 m (1.970 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. Substratum: soil. Comments: Bolbitius titubans is generally a common mushroom but apparently not in the Upper Soa River region. The place of this observation is almost in front of my house, where I live. I know this piece of grassland for decades. Yet, I have seen this mushrooms only once - in 2013. There were several dozens of them appearing again and again starting at the beginning of October until the end of November. Pilei are ephemeral and of similar habitus as in genus Coprinus but vividly lemon to yolk yellow, beautiful particularly when they are young. It is impossible to overlook them in low grass. They are viscid and very delicate. Growing solitary and in groups of a few fruit bodies; flesh very brittle; SP brown with reddish tint; smell and taste indistinctive. Spores smooth with thick walls and large germ pore. Dimensions: 12.6 [13.8 ; 14.3] 15.5 x 7.2 [7.9 ; 8.3] 9 microns; Q = 1.6 [1.7 ; 1.8] 1.9; N = 29; C = 95%; Me = 14.1 x 8.1 microns; Qe = 1.7. Olympus CH20, NEA 100x/1.25, magnification 1.000 x, oil, in water. AmScope MA500 digital camera. Herbarium: Mycotheca and lichen herbarium (LJU-Li) of Slovenian Forestry Institute, Vena pot 2, Ljubljana, Index Herbariorum LJF Ref.: (1) Id'ed by Mr. Bojan Rot, www. gobenabovskem.com (2) G.J. Krieglsteiner (Hrsg.), Die Grosspilze Baden-Wrttembergs, Band 4., Ulmer (2003), p 304. (3) M. Bon, Parey's Buch der Pilze, Kosmos (2005), p 260. (4) R. Phillips, Mushrooms, Macmillan (2006), p 233. (5) S. Buczacki, Collins Fungi Guide, Collins (2012), p 96.
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Slo.: kafrna koprenka - Habitat: Southeast inclined mountain slope, mixed forest, mainly Picea abies and Fagus sylvatica, calcareous bedrock, in shade, under a Picea abies, partly protected from direct rain by tree canopies, average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 5-7 deg C, elevations 1.000 m (3.300 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. - Substratum: soil. - Comments: Growing solitary; pileus diameter ~6 cm (~2.5 inch), smell strong, unpleasant, characteristic. SP brown-yellow. Spore dimensions: 10.0 (SD = 0.6) x 5.2 (SD.= 0.2) micr., Q.= 1,96 (SD = 0.12), n = 30. - Ref.: (1) Personal communication. Determined by Mr. Bojan Rot, www. gobenabovskem.si (2) M.Bon, Parey's Buch der Pilze, Kosmos (2005), p 216. (3) R.M. Daehncke, 1200 Pilze in Farbfotos, AT Verlag (2009), p 772. (4) A.Bessette, Mushrooms of Northeastern North America (1997), p106.
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Slo.: rjavordeca zveplenjaca - Syn. Hypholoma sublateritium - Habitat: Mixed woods, in shade, precipitations ~3.000 mm/year, average temperature 8-10 deg C, altitude 520 m (1.700 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. Substratum: rotten stump of deciduous tree, probably Quercus sp.. Acknowledgement: Thanks to Irene Andersson for determination.
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