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Habitat: former mountain pasture, a part of it overgrown with very light wood; Larix decidua, Picea abies, Fagus sylvatica dominant trees; partly in shade; partly protected from direct rain by tree canopies; modestly inclined mountain slope, northwest aspect; average precipitations ~ 2.600 mm/year, average temperature 6-8 deg C, elevation 870 m (2.850 feet), alpine phytogeographical region.Substratum: soil.Comments: Growing solitary; pileus diameter 5 cm; stipe 8 cm long, 21 mm in diameter and 26 mm at the bottom; taste indistinct, mild, pleasant; smell mild, slightly on radish?; flesh firm; SP faint, whitish.Spores smooth. Dimensions: 7.7 [9.3 ; 9.9] 11.5 x 5.8 [6.6 ; 6.9] 7.8 microns; Q = 1.2 [1.4] 1.6; N = 40; C = 95%; Me = 9.6 x 6.8 microns; Qe = 1.4. Olympus CH20, NEA 100x/1.25, magnification 1.000 x, oil in water. AmScope MA500 digital camera.Herbarium: Mycotheca and lichen herbarium (LJU-Li) of Slovenian Forestry Institute, Vena pot 2, Ljubljana, Index Herbariorum LJFRef.:(1) Personal communication with Mr. Gregor Podgornik, (2) http://www.amanitaceae.org/?Amanita+excelsa (3) http://www.first-nature.com/fungi/amanita-excelsa.php (4) http://www.mycodb.fr/fiche.php?genre=Amanita&espece=excelsa (5) J. Breitenbach, F. Kraenzlin, Eds., Fungi of Switzerland, Vol.4. Verlag Mykologia (2000), p 148.
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Slo.: opasta korenovka - Habitat: Mixed woodland, cretaceous clastic rock (flysh), protected from direct rain by tree canopies, in shade, quite humid place, average precipitations ~3.000 mm/year, average temperature 8-10 deg C, elevation 435 m (1.450 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. - Substratum: soil and/or a thick layer of rotten leaves. - Comment: Pictures show quite dry specimens. - Ref.: Determination Mr. Gregor Podgornik, NAC (Natural History Center), Tolmin, Slovenia EC. M.Bon, Pareys Buch der Pilze, Kosmos (2005), p 178. R.M.Daehncke, 1200 Pilze in Farbfotos, AT Verlag (2009), p 316. D.Arora, Mushrooms Demystified, Ten Speed Press, Berkeley (1986), p 213.
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Slo.: pliasta tintnica - Habitat: Dense mixed forest of young Picea abies, Abies alba, Larix decidua and Fagus Sylvatica, flat terrain, calcareous bedrock, probably acid soil, in full shade, almost no ground vegetation, humid place, partly protected from direct rain by tree canopies, average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 2-4 deg C, elevation 1.410 m (4.625 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. - Substratum: soil under a large Larix decidua. - Comments: Only two sporocarps found. - Ref.: (1) R.Lueder, Grundkurs Pilzbestimmung, Quelle & Mayer (2008), p 309. (2) D.Arora, Mushrooms Demystified, Ten Speed Press, Berkeley (1986), pp 350.
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Another scientific names are Clavaria ceranoides, Clavaria compressa, Clavaria platyclada, Clavaria fusiformis, Ramaria ceranoides and Ramariopsis fusiformis.
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Slo.: lina trhlenka - Habitat: Mixed wood: Picea abies, Pinus nigra, Fagus sylvatica, Fraxinus ornus and Fraxinus excelsior, etc; flat terrain, shallow forest soil layer, probably somewhat acid, old consolidated river deposit, calcareous ground, in shade, partly protected from direct rain by tree canopies, average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 8-10 deg C, elevation 410 m (1.350 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. - Substratum: Fallen rotten trunk of a small Pinus nigra. - Comments: Several fruitbodies on the log, pileus diameter up to 6.5 cm (3.5 inch), taste and smell indistinctive, SP white with faint pink tint (oac795), cup golden-yellow (oac852), gills deep golden (oac811), stipe concolorous with gills, lighter at the base. - Spore dimensions: 7.2 (SD = 0.5) x 5.3 (SD = 0.4) micr., Q = 1.4 (SD = 0.09), n = 30. - Ref.: (1) Id'ed by Mr. Bojan Rot. (2) http://www.mushroomexpert.com/tricholomopsis_decora.html . (3) http://www.grzyby.pl/gatunki/Tricholomopsis_decora.htm . (4) R.Phillips, Mushrooms, Macmillan (2006), p 98. (5) M.Bon, Parey's Buch der Pilze, Kosmos (2005), p 150.
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Slo.: prelestna koprenka - Habitat: Mixed wood, mostly Picea abies and Fagus sylvatica, southeast inclined mountain slope, calcareous bedrock, mostly in shade, partly protected from direct rain by tree canopies, average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 6-8 deg C, elevations 990 m (3.250 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. - Substratum: soil. - Comments: Growing in a small group, pileus diameter ~ 6(8) (2,3(3) inch), smell unpleasant 'industrial', specific, SP rusty red. Spore dimensions: 8,2 (SD = 0,4) x 6,1 (SD = 0,3) micr., Q = 1,34 (SD = 0,08), n = 30. Motic B2-211A, magnification 1.000 x, oil, in water. - Ref.: (1) Personal communication with Mr. Bojan Rot, www.gobenabovskem.si . (2) M.Bon, Parey's Buch der Pilze, Kosmos (2005), p 222. (3) A.Poler, Veselo po gobe (in Slovene), Mohorjeva druba Celovec (2002), p 305. (4) http://www.aranzadi-zientziak.org/fileadmin/docs/Munibe/2009005013CN.pdf . (5) http://www.pnwfungi.org/pdf_files/manuscripts_volume_1/pnwf20066.pdf
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Slo.: predirna plamenka - syn. Agaricus penetrans - Habitat: Opens pace, a southeast oriented bank of alluvial river deposits, calcareous ground, sunny place, humid air conditions, exposed to direct rain, average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 8-10 deg C, elevations 400 m (1.300 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. - Substratum: a stump and dead rotten branches of Sambucus nigra on ground. - Habitat: Opens pace, a southeast oriented bank of alluvial river deposits, calcareous ground, sunny place, humid air conditions, exposed to direct rain, average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 8-10 deg C, elevations 400 m (1.300 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. - Substratum: a stump and dead rotten branches of Sambucus nigra on ground. - Comments: No squamules observed on pileus and smaller than 10 microns diameter of peleipellis hyphae (? - I am not sure I see the right thing) rule out G. sapineus. Growing solitary and in small groups, several fruit bodies present; pileus diameter 3-5(7) cm; taste bitter; smell faint and mild; SP deep dark orange. Spores not smooth. Dimensions: 7,7 (SD = 0,4) x 4,4 ( SD = 0,2) micr., Q = 1,71 (SD = 0,09), n = 30. Motic B2-211A, magnification 1.000 x, oil, in water. - Ref.: (1) Personal communication with Mr. Anton Poler and Mr. Bojan Rot, www.gobenabovskem.si . (2) W. Rothmaler, Exkursionsflora von Deutschland, Vol.1, Niedere Pflanzen, Elsevier, 3.Auflage, (1994), p 429. (3) http://www.mushroomexpert.com/gymnopilus_sapineus.html . (4) J.Breitenbach, F.Kraenzlin, Eds., Fungi of Switzerland, Vol.2. Verlag Mykologia (1984), p 138. (5) M.Bon, Parey's Buch der Pilze, Kosmos (2005), p 244. (6) R.M. Daehncke, 1200 Pilze in Farbfotos, AT Verlag (2009), p 703.
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Slo.: poprhnjena livka - Habitat: mossy upland grassland with scattered Picea abies, Juniperus comm unis Fraxinus ornus, Corylus avellana, etc., fairly flat, quite deep, humid, calcareous, south faced ground, partly in shade of a Picea abies, exposed to rain, average precipitations ~3.000 mm/year, average temperature 6-8 deg C, elevation 890 m (2.900 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. - Substratum: soil. - Comments: Spores 7,2 (SD=0,6) x 4,0 (SD=0,3) micr, n= 30. Motic B1-211A, magnification 1.000 x, oil; in water. Spore print light gray-ocher with a slight tint of green, taste mild, unpleasant, smell rank, a kind of mushroomy but very specific. - Ref.: personal communication Mr. Bojan Rot http://www.gobenabovskem.si/. J.Grom, Nae gobe (in Slovene), epna Knjiga, (1981), p 162. R.M.Daehncke, 1200 Pilze in Farbfotos, AT Verlag (2009), p 210. D.Arora, Mushrooms Demystified, Ten Speed Press, Berkeley (1986), pp 159.
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Slo.: jeasta pranica - syn.: Lycoperdon gemmatum var. echinatum (Pers.) Fr., Lycoperdon hoylei Berk. & Broome, Utraria echinata (Pers.) Qul. - Habitat: old mountain Fagus sylvatica forest with some Picea abies, south inclined mountain slope, calcareous ground, warm and relatively dry place, in shade, under a Fagus sylvatica tree, partly protected from direct rain by tree canopies, average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 5-7 deg C, elevation 1.025 m (3.350 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. - Substratum: forest ground, organic debris on soil, mostly Fagus sylvatica leaves and Picea abies needles. - Comments: It is generally easy to recognize members of the genus Lycoperdon, although some species of genus Handkea, Vascellum or Scleroderma may cause confusion. The shape of their fruit bodies is more or less pear like and kids know very well they expel 'smoke' if they touch mature fruit bodies. However, to determine them on species level is more difficult. For example: If substrate is buried in the ground Lycoperdon pyriforme (which grows on wood) can easily be confused by Lycoperdon perlatum (which grows on soil); an old already brownish Lycoperdon perlatum can appear quite similar to Lycoperdon molle. etc. Neither shape nor color or surface of sporocarps or other individual morphological traits are reliable. All these vary significantly during life span of sporocarps and growing conditions. Only after gathering experience based on several finds in different conditions it gradually becomes easier to recognize them. Lycoperdon echinatum is an exception in this regard. Its sometimes up to 5 mm long spines covering the surface of the fruit bodies and distinctly brown color almost from the beginning of their development make the determination easy. - Growing solitary, fruit body diameter 4.8 cm (spines included), stem-like base height 1.8 cm, diameter about 1.5 cm; spines up to 3 mm long, partly solitary and partly two to four fused at the top; SP and mature gleba brown-gray with slight purple-lilac tint, oac638 (but darker). - Spores coarsely warty. Dimensions: 4,4 [4,9 ; 5] 5,5 x 4,3 [4,7 ; 4,9] 5,3 , Q = 1 [1,0] 1,1; N = 37; C = 95%, Me = 4,9 x 4,8 ; Qe = 1. Olympus CH20, NEA 100x/1.25, magnification 1.000 x, oil. AmScope MA500 digital camera. - Herbarium: Mycotheca and lichen herbarium (LJU-Li) of Slovenian Forestry Institute, Vena pot 2, Ljubljana, Index Herbariorum LJF - Ref.: (1) Leg.: Jernej Trnkoczy (2) R.M. Daehncke, 1200 Pilze in Farbfotos, AT Verlag (2009), p 1087. (3) R. Lueder, Grundkurs Pilzbestimmung, Quelle & Meyer (2008), p 326. (4) R. Phillips, Mushrooms, Macmillan (2006), p 328. (5) S. Buczacki, Collins Fungi Guide, Collins (2012), p 430. (6) J. Breitenbach, F. Kraenzlin, Eds., Fungi of Switzerland, Vol.2. Verlag Mykologia (1986), p 390. (7) G.J. Krieglsteiner (Hrsg.), Die Grosspilze Baden-Wrttembergs, Band 2., Ulmer (2000), p 142.
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Another scientific name is Pleurotus ostreatus.
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Slo.: bela polevka - Habitat: young mixed wood/thicket (mostly Fagus sylvatica, Picea abies, some Fraxinus ornus), fairly flat, shallow, calcareous, southeast faced ground, in shade, partly protected from direct rain by tree canopies, average precipitations ~3.000 mm/year, average temperature 6-8 deg C, elevation 640 m (2.100 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. - Substratum: soil, buried in Fagus sylvatica fallen leaves. - Comments: Spores 8,8 (SD=0,5) micr x 5,2 (SD=0,5) micr, n= 9. Motic B1-211, magnification 1.000 x, oil; in water. Spore print faint, crme to light ocher, taste mild, smell faint, lightly aromatic. - Ref.: Determined by Mr. Bojan Rot http://www.gobenabovskem.si/. - R.M.Daehncke, 1200 Pilze in Farbfotos, AT Verlag (2009), p 117. - R.Lueder, Grundkurs Pilzbestimmung, Quelle & Mayer (2008), p 245.
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Slo.: lubjeva eladica - syn.: Mycena corticola (Pers.) Fr. - Habitat: mixed broadleaved and conifer wood, locally almost flat terrain, cretaceous clastic rock (flysh) bedrock, in shade; dry place, partly protected from direct rain by tree canopies; average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 8-10 deg C, elevation 470 m (1.550 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. - Substratum: still standing Alnus sp. bark lightly overgrown with mosses; on northeast side of the trunk. - Comments: This incredible small and filigree mushroom is, no doubt, frequently overlooked. Tiny, only a few millimeters tall, more or less brown on more or less brown, cracked tree bark, it hides itself perfectly. However, looked from close the impression is much different. Its size, unusual hyphal ends of the cortical layer of the stipe and hypha with strange digitiform outgrowths distinguish it from other small Mycena species. Growing in a group of a few fruit bodies, pileus diameter 2 to 4 mm, SP very faint, almost invisible, probably whitish. - Spores smooth. Dimensions: 8,1 [9,1 ; 9,6] 10,5 x 7,3 [8 ; 8,4] 9,1 microns; Q = 1 [1,1 ; 1,2] 1,3; N = 26; C = 95%; Me = 9,3 x 8,2 microns; Qe = 1,1. Olympus CH20, NEA 100x/1.25, magnification 1.000 x, oil (spores); NEA 40x/0.65, magnification 400x (hypha), in water; fresh material; AmScope MA500 digital camera. - Ref.: (1) Personal communication with Mr. Bojan Rot, found by him; www.gobenabovskem.com (2) http://www.mycena.no/meliigena.htm (3) http://www.mushroomexpert.com/mycena_corticola.html (4) J. Breitenbach, F. Kraenzlin, Eds., Fungi of Switzerland, Vol.3. Verlag Mykologia (1991), p 280. (5) G.J. Krieglsteiner (Hrsg.), Die Grosspilze Baden-Wrttembergs, Band 3., Ulmer (2001), p 466. (6) S. Buczacki, Collins Fungi Guide, Collins (2012), p 214.
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Slo.: rjava prasnica - Habitat: Abandoned grassland near mixed wood-side, partly shady, precipitations ~3.000 mm/year, average temperatures 7-9 deg C, altitude 650 m (2.100 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. Substratum: humus ground among grasses
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Slo.: rnomekinasta mraznica - syn.: Armillariella ostoyae Romagn, Armillaria obscura (Schaeff.) Herink, Armilaria polymyces (Pers. ex Gray) Singer & Clemencon - Habitat: A widening of a dirt forest road lightly overgrown with grasses and other green plants, semi ruderal place of former forestry activities; mountain slope, south aspect; relatively warm place; locally flat, calcareous ground with a lot of half buried and buried Picea abies and Fagus sylvatica thrown away wood pieces; sunny, open place, exposed to direct rain; average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 6-7 deg C, elevation 870 m (2.850 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. Substratum: sand and gravel with buried pieces of wood; most probably on Picea abies. Comments: Not so far ago this find would be named Armillaria mellea (s.lat.) (aggregate). This group of very variable mushrooms is, based on inter-fertility tests, now divided into Armillaria borealis, Armillaria cepistipes, Armillaria gallica and Armillaria ostoyae (Ref.:1). Armillaria ostoyae is distinguished from other three species by its relatively dark colors, red-brown hut covered by dark scales, which are denser at its center, but extend just to the edge of the hut (and can be washed off by heavy rains). Also, its distinct, white, felted stipe ring resembles a cogwheel with brown tufted tips of the 'teeth' (see Picture 3. and 6.) This mushroom is a virulent parasite on live trees but continues to grow as a saprophyte on its victims, when they are dead. In my environment it is a rather common species usually found on stumps of Picea abies, often in large to very large colonies. This find shows rather old fruitbodies being unusual regarding their habitat. Several tens of mushrooms were growing virtually on sandy and stony flat surface of a dirt road side. However, closer inspection showed that the ground is full of buried wood, most probably of Picea abies. Mushrooms were growing in several dense, tufted groups of several fruit bodies; pileus diameter about 5 (7) cm; taste unpleasant, smell faint, indistinctive; SP abundant, whitish. Spores smooth. Dimensions: 7.3 [8.4 ; 8.9] 10 x 5.5 [6.2 ; 6.5] 7.2 microns; Q = 1.1 [1.3 ; 1.4] 1.6; N = 40; C = 95%; Me = 8.6 x 6.4 microns; Qe = 1.4. Motic B2-211A, NEA 100x/1.25, magnification 1.000 x, oil, in water, in vivo. AmScope MA500 digital camera. Ref.: (1) G.J. Krieglsteiner (Hrsg.), Die Grosspilze Baden-Wrttembergs, Band 4., Ulmer (2001), p 124. (2) S. Buczacki, Collins Fungi Guide, Collins (2012), p 190. (3) R. Phillips, Mushrooms, Macmillan (2006), p 101. (4) J. Breitenbach, F. Kraenzlin, Eds., Fungi of Switzerland, Vol.4., Verlag Mykologia (2000), p 138. (5) R.M. Daehncke, 1200 Pilze in Farbfotos, AT Verlag (2009), p 68.
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Slo.: golobija kolobarnica - syn.: Tricholoma album ss. Kuhner & Romagnesi 1953, Gyrophila lasciva (Fr.) Qul. - Habitat: slightly inside light, mixed, unmaintained forest edge with many shrubs; Picea abies, Fagus sylvatica, Corylus avellana, Prunus spinosa, Rubus sp. etc. present; near a small water stream; flat terrain; cretaceous clastic rock (flysh) bedrock with some limestone; humid place, mostly in shade; partly protected from direct rain by tree canopies; average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 8-10 deg C, elevation 460 m (1.500 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. Substratum: soil. Comments: There exist four whitish species with similar habit in the genus Tricholoma: Tricholoma album, Tricholoma columbetta, Tricholoma inamoenum and Tricholoma lascivum. Also nomenclature history of these species is 'difficult'. Hence confusion and misidentifications are frequent. From this reason some experts consider published distribution ranges of these species as questionable. MycoBank (Ref.7) states: 'Real distribution poorly known because of the taxonomic confusion with similar species'. This find was at first (based on habit) recognized as Tricholoma inamoenum. However, measured spore dimensions were much too small. Their dimensions and particularly narrow spores (Q exceeding 1.6) speaks in favor of Tricholoma lascivum. Also other macro traits and habitat seems to fit reasonably well to this determination. On the other hand, Tricholoma album is a symbiont with Betula or Quercus, which were not present in the vicinity. Tricholoma columbetta is practically without odor (Ref. 2 and 3) while the find had strong, unpleasant smell on gas or chemistry. Tricholoma album and Tricholoma columbetta also have somewhat smaller spores, while, Tricholoma inamoenum has significantly larger spores. Description: Several fruitbodies present, some clustered; pilei diameter up to 3 - 7(8) cm; smell strong, unpleasant, on gas or some chemistry; taste not tested; SP abundant, white. Spores smooth. Dimensions: (6) 6,3 - 7,6 (8) x (3,5) 3,8 - 4,5 (4,8) microns; Q = (1,4) 1,5 - 1,9 (2,1); N = 35; Me = 6,9 x 4,1 microns; Qe = 1,7. Olympus CH20, NEA 100x/1.25, magnification 1.000 x, oil (spores); in water; fresh material. AmScope MA500 digital camera. Ref.: (1) C. Bas, Th.W.Kuyper, M.E. Nordeloos, E.C. Vellinga (eds.), Flora Agaricina Neerlandica, A.A. Balkema, Vol.4. (1999), p 145. (2) M.Christensen, J. Heilmann-Clausen, The genus Tricholoma, Fungi of Northern Europe, Vol.4. (2013), p 186. (3) J. Breitenbach, F. Kraenzlin, Eds., Fungi of Switzerland, Vol.3. Verlag Mykologia (1991), p 330. (4) https://www.myko.cz/myko-atlas/Tricholoma-lascivum/ (accessed Nov. 4. 2017) (5) G.J. Krieglsteiner (Hrsg.), Die Grosspilze Baden-Wrttembergs, Band 3., Ulmer (2001), p 568. (6) S. Buczacki, Collins Fungi Guide, Collins (2012), p 154.
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Slo.: zelenkasta strnicnica - Syn. Psilocybe aeruginosa - Habitat: mixed, predominantly hardwood woodland, nearly flat ground, cretaceous clastic rock (flysh), rain protected by trees canopies, mostly in shade, precipitations ~3.000 mm/year, average temperature 8-10 deg C, altitude 440 m (1.400 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. - Substratum: small rotten branch debris under ground. - Comment: Growing single.
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Slo.: velika vlanica - Habitat: In grass, unmaintained mountain pasture, flat terrain, calcareous ground, full sun, exposed to direct rain, average precipitations 2.000-2.600 mm/year, average temperature 6-8 deg C, elevations 1.050 m (3,450 feet), Dinaric phytogeographical region. - Substratum: soil. - Comments: Growing solitary, pileus diameter up to 50 mm (2 inch), SP white. Spore shape and dimensions: smooth, almond shaped, 8,3 (SD = 0,7) x 5,4 (SD = 0,5) micr., Q = 1,61 (SD = 0,12), n = 30. Motic B2-211A, magnification 1.000 x, oil, in water. Ref.: (1) D.Arora, Mushrooms Demystified, Ten Speed Press, Berkeley (1986), p 114. (2) R.M. Daehncke, 1200 Pilze in Farbfotos, AT Verlag (2009), p 167. (3) M.Bon, Parey's Buch der Pilze, Kosmos (2005), p106. (4) A. Poler, Veselo po gobe, Mohorjeva druba, Celovec (2002), p 330. (5) Personal communication with Mr. Bojan Rot, www.gobenabovskem.si
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Slo.: vijoličasta bledivka - Habitat: A forest clear-cut, dominant Picea abies, Fagus sylvatica, Abies alba; south oriented mountain slope, calcareous bedrock; relatively warm place, open sunny place, exposed to direct rain, average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 2-4 deg C, elevation 1.420 m (4.650 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. - Substratum: forestry waist, growing from cones and other wood debris. - Comments: To my experiencea not so common substrate these cones. Growing solitary and in small groups of a few fruitbodies. Pileus diameter from 3 to 4.5 cm, stipe up to 7 cm long; SP beige-yellowish (oac855); taste mild mushroomy but unpleasant, smell faint pleasant. - Spores spiny. Dimensions: 8.9 (SD = 0.5) x 8,1 (SD = 0.4) micr., Q = 1.1 (SD = 0.04), n = 30. Olympus CH20, Olympus NEA 100x/1.25, AmScope MA500, magnification 1.000 x, oil, in water. - Ref.: (1) Personal communication Mr. Anton Poler (2) M.Bon, Parey's Buch der Pilze, Kosmos (2005), p 146. 9 rund (3) S.Buczacki, Collins Fungi Guide, Collins (2012), p 188. 8,5-10/7-8 (4) R.M. Daehncke, 1200 Pilze in Farbfotos, AT Verlag (2009), p 181. 8/10 (5) R.Lueder, Grundkurs Pilzbestimmung, Quelle & Meyer (2008), p 224. 7-10 rund
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