dcsimg

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The cultivated subsp. sativa (Haw) Celak., (Prodr. Fl. Bohm. 484. 1875) is used as a pot herb and sold in market under the name Kulfe Ka Sag. The extract of stem is applied on skin against burning sensation and prickly heat. The purslane constitutes a useful article of diet in scurvy and diseases of lungs, liver and kidney. The leaves are slightly acidic and used as refrigerant, anti-scorbutic, astringent in dysuria, irritation of bladder, haematuria, haemoptysis and gonorrhoea. The black granulated seeds are called Tukhm-i-Khurfa-ae-Siyah and used in preparation of Unani and Ayurvedic medicines, as a demalcent, astringent, diuretic and vermifuge.
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Flora of Pakistan Vol. 0 in eFloras.org, Missouri Botanical Garden. Accessed Nov 12, 2008.
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Danin et al. (Israel J. Bot. 27: 177–211. 1978) recognized a series of eight subspecies, but they are rather poorly correlated with geography and their status needs re-evaluation. The Chinese material seems to belong to the most common and weedy form placed in subsp. oleracea. There has been some selection of more robust forms for use as a vegetable; these are sometimes placed in subsp. sativa (Haworth) Celakovský.

The plants, which are common weeds of cultivation, are eaten as a vegetable and used for medicinal purposes.

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Flora of China Vol. 5: 443 in eFloras.org, Missouri Botanical Garden. Accessed Nov 12, 2008.
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A. P. Simopoulos and N. Salem Jr. (1986) and A. P. Simopoulos et al. (1992) have shown Portulaca oleracea to have the highest content of omega-3 fatty acids and antioxidants of any green leafy vegetable examined to date, suggesting that common purslane should be considered for its nutritional value and not for its weediness. It has long been used as fodder and may have been present in the New World in pre-Columbian times (R. Byrne and J. H. McAndrews 1975). Currently, it is fed to poultry to reduce egg cholesterol.

Portulaca oleracea is a highly variable species with worldwide distribution in temperate to warm regions and is the most winter-hardy of all the portulacas. It is a very aggressive weed, one of the ten most noxious weeds worldwide (J. S. Singh and K. P. Singh 1967). As such, many variants have been named (C. D. Legrand 1962) based on seed surface differences, size of seeds, or on variable characters of growth habit, leaf length, and number of stamens. Seven subspecies were recognized by A. Danin et al. (1978): subsp. oleracea, subsp. impolita Danin & H. G. Baker, subsp. granulatostellulata Danin & H. G. Baker, subsp. nicaraguensis Danin & H. G. Baker, subsp. nitida Danin & H. G. Baker, subsp. papillatostellulata Danin & H. G. Baker, and subsp. stellata Danin & H. G. Baker.

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Description

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Annual or perennial, prostrate or erect, c. 25 cm tall, succulent, glabrous, green or purplish green herb. Branches and stem with 3-20 mm rarely up to 50 mm long internodes. Leaves alternate or subopposite, closely crowded below the flowers, spathulate or obovate-oblong to linear-oblong, attenuate at the base, sub-sessile, obtuse or truncate, 3-25 mm long, 1.5-8 mm broad, thick, fleshy, glabrous, glistening white below, green or purplish-green above; stipular appendages usually absent, or rarely every minute and setaceous. Inflorescence usually in the forks of branches, cymose, with clusters of 3-6 flowers subtended by 4-leaved involucre, rarely flowers solitary and terminal. Flowers sessile, yellow, 5-8 mm across, bracteate; bracts membranous, ovate, c. 3 mm long, acuminate, white or somewhat purplish. Sepals subequal, basally united into a short, 2-3 mm long tube, keeled; lobes 2-3 mm long, slightly hooded, margin broad membranous, acute, deciduous. Petals 5, deliquescent, slightly united at the base, obovate, 5-6 mm long, 2.5-3 mm wide, yellow, emarginate with mucronulate notch. Stamens 7-12, basally somewhat united and adnate to petals, filaments c. 2.5 mm long, sensitive to touch, anthers ovoid. Ovary c. 2 mm long, half embedded in calyx tube, ovoid; style 1.5-2 mm long, stigmas 4-5, sticky, c. 1 mm long. Capsule many-seeded, 6-8 mm long, 3-4 mm in diam. Seeds shining black, c. 0.5-0.8 mm, reniform, testa tuberculate.
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Flora of Pakistan Vol. 0 in eFloras.org, Missouri Botanical Garden. Accessed Nov 12, 2008.
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Description

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Plants annual, glabrous; taproot 2-10 cm. Stems prostrate, succulent; trichomes at nodes and in inflorescence absent or inconspicuous; branches to 56 cm. Leaf blades obovate or spatulate, flattened, 4-28 × 2-13 mm, apex round to retuse or nearly truncate; involucrelike leaves 1-4. Flowers 3-10 mm diam.; petals yellow, oblong, 3-4.6 × 1.8-3 mm; stamens 6-12(-20); stigmas 3-6. Capsules ovoid, 4-9 mm diam. Seeds black or dark brown, orbiculate or elongate, flattened, 0.6-1.1 mm; surface cells ± smooth, granular, or stellate, with rounded tubercles. 2n = 18, 36, 54.
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Flora of North America Vol. 4: 499 in eFloras.org, Missouri Botanical Garden. Accessed Nov 12, 2008.
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Description

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Herbs annual. Stems sometimes flushed red or purple, not articulated, prostrate or decumbent, less often ± erect, diffuse, much branched; leaf axils with a few inconspicuous stiff bristles. Leaves alternate or occasionally subopposite; petiole short; leaf blade flat, obovate, 10-30 × 5-15 mm, base cuneate, apex obtuse, rounded, truncate, or retuse. Flowers in clusters of 3-5, 0.4-0.5 cm in diam., surrounded by involucre of 2-6 bracts. Sepals green, helmeted, ca. 4 mm, apex acute, keeled. Petals 5, yellow, obovate, 3-5 mm, slightly connate at base, apex retuse. Stamens 7-12, ca. 12 mm; anthers yellow. Ovary glabrous. Stigma 4-6-lobed. Capsule ovoid, ca. 5 mm. Seeds glossy black when mature, never iridescent, obliquely globose-reniform, 0.6-1.2 mm; testa cells stellate, usually with central peglike tubercle, sometimes without and then surface ± granular. Fl. May-Aug, fr. Jun-Sep.
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Flora of China Vol. 5: 443 in eFloras.org, Missouri Botanical Garden. Accessed Nov 12, 2008.
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Distribution

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Pantropical.
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Annotated Checklist of the Flowering Plants of Nepal Vol. 0 in eFloras.org, Missouri Botanical Garden. Accessed Nov 12, 2008.
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Annotated Checklist of the Flowering Plants of Nepal @ eFloras.org
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Distribution

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Distribution: A cosmopolitan weed in cultivated fields and waste moist places. Probably native of South-West parts of United States and now widely distributed in warm temperate, tropical and subtropical regions throughout the world.
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Flora of Pakistan Vol. 0 in eFloras.org, Missouri Botanical Garden. Accessed Nov 12, 2008.
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Distribution

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introduced; Alta., B.C., Man., N.B., N.S., Ont., P.E.I., Que., Sask.; Ala., Ariz., Ark., Calif., Colo., Conn., Del., D.C., Fla., Ga., Idaho, Ill., Ind., Iowa, Kans., Ky., La., Maine, Md., Mass., Mich., Minn., Miss., Mo., Mont., Nebr., Nev., N.H., N.J., N.Mex., N.Y., N.C., N.Dak., Ohio, Okla., Oreg., Pa., R.I., S.C., S.Dak., Tenn., Tex., Utah, Vt., Va., Wash., W.Va., Wis., Wyo.; Europe
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Flora of North America Vol. 4: 499 in eFloras.org, Missouri Botanical Garden. Accessed Nov 12, 2008.
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Elevation Range

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300-1500 m
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Annotated Checklist of the Flowering Plants of Nepal Vol. 0 in eFloras.org, Missouri Botanical Garden. Accessed Nov 12, 2008.
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Flower/Fruit

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Fl. Per. Flowers open in morning throughout the year.
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Flora of Pakistan Vol. 0 in eFloras.org, Missouri Botanical Garden. Accessed Nov 12, 2008.
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Flowering/Fruiting

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Flowering late spring-early fall.
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Habitat

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Fields, waste places; 0-2800m.
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Flora of North America Vol. 4: 499 in eFloras.org, Missouri Botanical Garden. Accessed Nov 12, 2008.
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Habitat & Distribution

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Cultivation, disturbed urban sites. Throughout China [tropical and temperate regions worldwide].
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Flora of China Vol. 5: 443 in eFloras.org, Missouri Botanical Garden. Accessed Nov 12, 2008.
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Synonym

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Portulaca neglecta Mackenzie & Bush; P. retusa Engelmann
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Portulaca oleracea ( Asturian )

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verdolaga Tamañu de porción Enerxía 20 kcal 84 kJCarbohidratos 3.39 gGrases 0.36 gProteínes 2.03 gRetinol (vit. A) 1320 μg (147%)Tiamina (vit. B1) 0.047 mg (4%)Riboflavina (vit. B2) 0.112 mg (7%)Niacina (vit. B3) 0.48 mg (3%)Vitamina B6 0.073 mg (6%)Vitamina C 21 mg (35%)Vitamina E 12.2 mg (81%)Calciu 65 mg (7%)Fierro 1.99 mg (16%)Magnesiu 1.99 mg (1%)Manganesu 0.303 mg (15%)Fósforu 44 mg (6%)Potasiu 494 mg (11%)Cinc 0.17 mg (2%) % de la cantidá diaria encamentada p'adultos. Fonte: verdolaga na base de datos de nutrientes del USDA.[editar datos en Wikidata]

Portulaca oleracea, conocida popularmente como verdolaga, ye una planta añal ensundiosa de la familia Portulacaceae, que puede algamar hasta 40 cm d'altor. Ye nativa de la India del Oriente Mediu y sur d'Europa como España anque naturalizada mundialmente; en delles rexones ye considerada maleza.

Descripción

"
Portulaca oleracea en flor (enriba) y portulaca grandiflora (embaxo)

Tien tarmos llisos, acolorataos, mayormente postraos; fueyes alternes en conxuntos nel tarmu y nel so estremu. Les flores marielles, sésiles, tienen cinco partes regulares y 6 mm d'anchu. Floria a fines de primavera, y continua hasta mediaos del seronda. Les flores abren soles nel centru del manizu de fueyes per poques hores en mañanes soleyeres. Les granes son pequeñes vaines, que s'abrir cuando la semienta ta llista. Presenta un raigañu primariu con raigaños fibrosos secundaries y tolera suelu probe, amaceráu, y seca.

Usos

Culinariu

"
Un cultivu en tiestu creciendo como una verdura.
"
Flores.
"
Ilustración

Anque ye considerada como maleza en EE. XX., puede comese como verdura, suponiendo que se llogre d'una fonte tal que tea llibre de veneno -herbicida o sulfatamientu xeneral-. Tien un sabor llixeramente acedo y saláu, y consúmese enforma en gran parte d'Europa, Asia y Méxicu.[1] Tanto los tarmos como les fueyes y flores son comestibles. Puede consumise fresca como ensalada, o cocinada como espinaca, y por cuenta de la so calidá de mucílagu, ye bona para sopes y mueyos. En Méxicu cocinar con carne de puercu y mueyu verde. Los aboríxenes australianos usen les granes pa preparar el so pan tradicional.

"
Esta ye una flor pocu común d'esta planta.

Contién más ácidu grasu Omega-3 que cualesquier otru vexetal de verdura.[2] Tamién tien vitamines: vitamina C, daqué de vitamina B, carotenoides, y minerales dietarios, como magnesiu, calciu, potasiu, fierro. Y presenta dos tipos de pigmentos alcaloides betalainas: el betacianina acoloratáu (visible na coloración de los tarmos) y el betaxantina mariella (nes sos flores y el llixeru amarellentáu de les sos fueyes). Dambos tipos de pigmentos son potentes antiosidantes y tendríen propiedaes antimutagénicas n'estudios de llaboratoriu.

Melecinal

Na medicina popular griega, la verdolaga úsase como un remediu pal estriñimientu y la inflamación del sistema urinariu.

Conocida como "Sanhti ó Punarva" nel norte de la India conocer como tónicu del fégadu y les sos enfermedaes.

Conocida como Ma Chi Xian (pinyin: traduzse como "el amaranto diente de caballu") na medicina tradicional china, nes sos principios activos inclúin: la noradrenalina, sales de calciu, dopamina, acedu málico, ácidu cítricu, acedu glutámico, acedu aspártico, ácidu nicotínico, alanina, glucosa, fructosa y sacarosa.[3] Les betacianines aisllaes de Portulaca oleracea ameyoró déficits de la cognición en mures d'edá.[4] Una subclase rara de Homoisoflavonoides , de la planta, amosó in vitro actividaes citotóxicas escontra cuatro cánceres humanos en llinies celulares.[5] El so usu ta contraindicáu mientres l'embaranzu y pa los que tienen la dixestión frío y débil.[3] La verdolaga ye un tratamientu clínicamente eficaz pal liquenes planu oral,[6] y les sos fueyes usar pa tratar les picadures d'inseutos o culiebres na piel,[7] furúnculos, llagues, dolor de picadures d'abeya, la disentería bacilar , foria , hemorroides , sangráu posparto y sangráu intestinal.[3]

Máxicu

Na antigüedá, el naturalista romanu Plinio mentaba'l so usu como amuleto p'acompañar les sos propiedaes melecinales:

Una persona principal d'España (...) que por una fadia enfermedá de la campaniella, trai siempres al pescuezu colgada d'un filo'l so raigañu [de la verdolaga] sacante nos baños, y asina se llibró de too estropio

Plinio, Naturalis Historia, Llibru XX, Capítulu XX.[8] [9]

Historia

Llargamente usada en Grecia, los arqueobotánicos alcuéntrase en munchos sitios prehistóricos. En contestos históricos, les sos granes fueron retiraes de capes protogeométricas en Kastanas, Hereo de Samos, dataes en 700 e.C. Teofrasto nel 350 e.C. nomar andrákhne, como una de les diverses yerbes de branu que tienen de collechase n'abril (boreal) (H.P 7.1.2)[9]

Hai pruebes de que la especie dar na rexón del llagu Crawford (Ontario) en 1430-89 d.C., lo cual indica qu'algamó Norteamérica en tiempos precolombíns.[10]

Taxonomía

Portulaca oleracea describióse por Carlos Linneo y espublizóse en Species Plantarum 1: 445. 1753.[11]

Sinónimos
  • Portulaca consanguinea Schltdl.
  • Portulaca Entemedia Link ex Schltdl.
  • Portulaca marginata Kunth
  • Portulaca mundula I.M.Johnst.
  • Portulaca neglecta Mack. & Bush
  • Portulaca pusilla Kunth
  • Portulaca retusa Engelm.
  • Portulaca consanguinea Schltdl.
  • Portulaca fosbergii Poelln.
  • Portulaca hortensis Rupr.
  • Portulaca latifolia Hornem.
  • Portulaca officinarum Crantz
  • Portulaca olitoria Pall.
  • Portulaca parvifolia Haw.
  • Portulaca sativa Haw.
  • Portulaca suffruticosa Thwaites
  • Portulaca sylvestris Montandon[12]

Nome común

  • Castellanu: borzolaga, engañagochos, llingua de gatu, loraca, malmuere, nuncamuere, portulaca, verdalaga, verderaja, verdolaga, verdolaga angosta, verdolaga blanca, verdolaga colorada, verdolaga común, verdolaga española, verdolaga hortense, verdolaga real, verdolaga romana, verdolaga montesa, verdulaga.[13]

Referencies

  1. Pests in Landscapes and Gardens: Common Purslane. Pest Notes University of California Agriculture and Natural Resources Publication 7461. October 2003
  2. ARTEMIS P SIMOPOULOS Omega-3 Fatty Acids and Antioxidants in Edible Wild Plants. 2004. Biol Res 37: 263-277, 2004
  3. 3,0 3,1 3,2 Tierra, C.A., N.D., Michael (1988). Planetary Herbology. Lotus Press.
  4. Wang CQ. Yang GQ., "Betacyanins from Portulaca oleracea L. ameliorate cognition deficits and attenuate oxidative damage induced by D-galactose in the brains of senescent mice.,Phytomedicine. 17(7):527-32, 2010 Jun.
  5. Yan J, Sun LR, Zhou ZY, Chen YC, Zhang WM, Dai HF, Tan JW "Homoisoflavonoids from the melecinal plant Portulaca oleracea." Phytochemistry. 2012 Aug;80:37-41
  6. «Efficacy of purslane in the treatment of oral lichen planus». Phytother Res. 24 (2): pp. 240–4. Feb 2010. doi:10.1002/ptr.2919. PMID 19585472.
  7. Bensky, Dan, et al. Chinese Herbal Medicine, Materia Medica. China: Eastland Press Inc., 2004.
  8. Plinio, Hestoria Natural de Cayo Plinio Segundu, Traducción de Gerónimo de la Güerta, 1624, Tomu 2, p. 259-260.
  9. 9,0 9,1 Megaloudi, Fragiska (2005). Wild and Cultivated Vegetables, Herbs and Spices in Greek Antiquity. Environmental Archaeology 10 (1): 73-82
  10. Byrne, R. and McAndrews, J. H. (1975), Pre-Columbian Purslane (Portulaca oleracea L.) in the New World. Nature 253:726-727.
  11. «Portulaca oleracea». Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden. Consultáu'l 8 dectubre de 2009.
  12. Portulaca oleracea en PlantList
  13. «Portulaca oleracea». Real Xardín Botánicu: Proyeutu Anthos. Consultáu'l 8 d'ochobre de 2009.

Enllaces esternos


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Portulaca oleracea: Brief Summary ( Asturian )

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Portulaca oleracea, conocida popularmente como verdolaga, ye una planta añal ensundiosa de la familia Portulacaceae, que puede algamar hasta 40 cm d'altor. Ye nativa de la India del Oriente Mediu y sur d'Europa como España anque naturalizada mundialmente; en delles rexones ye considerada maleza.

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