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Slo.: zelenkasta golobica - Habitat: Mixed forest, deciduous trees dominant, nearly flat terrain, cretaceous clastic rock (flysh) bedrock, in shade, partly protected from direct rain by tree canopies, average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 8-10 deg C, elevations 430 m (1.400 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. - Substratum: soil. - Comments: Growing solitary, pileus diameter about 8 cm, taste mild and smell indistinctive, spore print white. Spore dimensions: 7,8 (SD=0,8) x 6,4 (SD=0,6) micr., Q = 1,21 (SD=0,07), n = 30 . Motic B2-211A, magnification 1.000 x, oil, in water. - Ref.: (1) Determined by Mr. Bojan Rot, http://www.gobenabovskem.si/ . (2) D. Arora, Mushrooms Demystified, Ten Speed Press, Berkeley (1986), p 95. (3) M.Bon, Parey's Buch der Pilze, Kosmos (2005), p 56. (4) R.M. Daehncke, 1200 Pilze in Farbfotos, AT Verlag (2009), p 855. (5) A. Poler, Veselo po gobe, Mohorjeva druba, Celovec (in Slovene), (2002), p 129.
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Slo.: alpska golobica? - Habitat: upland grassland above tree-line, with dwarf Salix sp. species, on a mountain ridge, slightly north inclined slope, full sun, fully exposed to precipitations, a windy place, precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 1 - 3 deg C, elevation 2.100 m (6.900 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. - Substratum: soil. - Comments: Determination not certain. Spore dimensions: 8,5 (SD=0.8) x 6,7 (SD=0.5) micr., Q= 1.26 (SD=0.08), n=33. Motic B2-211A, magnification 400 x, in water. Could also be Russula norvegica (var. with red pileus). Pileus had a diameter of about 4-5 cm (2 inch), which is a little bit too large, both for R. nana ad well as for R.norvegica. Mycorrhiza possibly with dwarf willows (Salix herbacea, Salix retusa, Salix serpillifolia), Dryas octopetala, Bistrota vivipara? Found well above tree line. - Ref.: (1) Personal communication with Mr. Gregor Podgornik, NAC (Natural History Center), Tolmin, Slovenia EC. (2) http://rbg-web2.rbge.org.uk/willow/Gallery/Mycology/gallery_mycology.htm .(3) http://www.floraislands.is/cappic.htm (4) http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/1132142%20R.%20nana . (5) http://www.mtsn.tn.it/russulales-news/in_ecology.asp
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Slo.: dlakava slojevka - Habitat: Mixed hardwood woodland, cretaceous clastic rock, shade, altitude 440 m (1.400 feet), medium light, rain protected by trees canopies, precipitations ~3.000 mm/year, average temperature 8-10 deg C, alpine phytogeographical region. Substratum: Quercus sp. bark of branches of a fallen tree, partly decayed
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Slo.: marelina golobica - Habitat: found in alpine valley, mixed wood edge with shrubs; dominant Picea abies, Fagus sylvatica, Corylus avellana, Rosa sp., Fraxinus ornus, etc.; about 5 m off the dirt forest road in steep, west inclined terrain; in shade and relatively humid place close to a mountain stream; calcareous ground; partly protected from direct rain by tree and shrubs' canopies, average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 6-8 deg C, elevation 680 m (2.200 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. - Substratum: forest soil. - Comments: Growing in a group of three pilei; pilei diameter 5(8) cm, stipe 4-5.5 cm high and about 1.2-1.5 cm in diameter; smell indistinctive, almost none; taste mild, only after a long time very mildly bitter/burning; flesh very brittle; SP yellow-ochre, oac856, abundant; pilei cuticle peeling easy. - Determination is not certain. According to Ref.:(1) the find is too robust There is also some ambiguity in literature regarding similar Rusullas with yellow hut. Among others, this observation can be also Russula acetolens, Rauschert. Both R. risigallina and R. acetolens are sometimes referred under common name R. lutea (Ref.: (2)). Both are supposed to be somewhat smaller in average than this observation. Although measured spore dimensions fit very well to R. risigallina, type of spore surface do hardly. Warts eventually appear too coarse (?) (Refs.:(2) and (3)). Both mentioned alternatives should have distinctly sweet and vinegary smell respectively, but our observation had no distinct smell. Also, Refs.:(4) and (5) disagree with these statements. If I follow Ref.:(5) this observation fits the best to the name Russula risigallina var. acetolens. No really better fit could be found. There is some ambiguity also regarding its taste. Trama and gills (a small piece of the edge of the pileus) certainly didn't have distinct, strong burning taste. However, it also was not completely 'mild' (as it should be for R. risigalina according most sources), but had a barely noticeable bitter/burning taste after a longer chewing being far of that what is usually meant by 'burning taste' with Russulas. - Spores coarsely warty. Dimensions: 8.0 (SD = 0.5) x 6.6 (SD = 0.4) , Q = 1.21 (SD = 0.05), n = 30. Olympus CH20, NEA 100x/1.25, magnification 1.000 x, oil; in water. AmScope MA500 digital camera. - Herbarium: Mycotheca and lichen herbarium (LJU-Li) of Slovenian Forestry Institute, Vena pot 2, Ljubljana, Index Herbariorum LJF - References: (1) Personal communication with Mr. Bojan Rot, www.gobenabovskem.com. (2) S. Buczacki, Collins Fungi Guide, Collins (2012), p 328. (3) R. Phillips, Mushrooms, Macmillan (2006), p 40. (4) M. Bon, Parey's Buch der Pilze, Kosmos (2005), p 60. (5) G.J. Krieglsteiner (Hrsg.), Die Grosspilze Bade-Wrttembergs, Band 2, Ulmer (2000), p 471.
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Oregon Mycological Society
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Slo.: medvedja ilavka - Habitat: Mixed, predominantly hardwood woodland, nearly flat terrain, cretaceous clastic rock (flysh), partly protected from direct rain by trees canopies, in shade, precipitations ~3.000 mm/year, average temperature 8-10 deg C, elevation 490 m (1.600 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. - Substratum: rotten (almost in the final stage) branch of a broad leaved (possibly Fagus sylvatica) tree, lying on ground, fully covered with mosses. - Comments: Growing in groups, pileus across up to 3,5 cm (1.5 inch), taste unpleasant and smell indistinctive. SP whitish with yellow tint (oac815), abundant. Caps brown with red tint (oac700), tomentose part dark brown (oac734), gills light brown-gray (oac702), lighter than the caps. Pore layer concolorous with pore surface. Spores should be minutely spiny but I can't see these spikes. - Spore dimensions: 4.1 (SD = 0.3) x 3.4 (SD = 0.2) micr., Q = 1.22 (SD = 0.07), n = 30. Motic B2-211A, magnification 1.000 x, oil, in water. - Ref.: (1) G.J.Krieglsteiner (Hrsg.), Die Grosspilze Bade-Wrttembergs, Band 3, Ulmer (2001), p 9 . (2) M.Bon, Parey's Buch der Pilze, Kosmos (2005), p 124. (3) D.Arora, Mushrooms Demystified, Ten Speed Press, Berkeley (1986), p 144. (4) http://www.mushroomexpert.com/lentinellus_ursinus.html .
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Slo.: rjavozelena golobica - Habitat: Mixed forest, deciduous trees dominant, nearly flat terrain, cretaceous clastic rock (flysh) bedrock, in shade, partly protected from direct rain by tree canopies, average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 8-10 deg C, elevations 430 m (1.400 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. - Substratum: forest soil, rotten leaves, some needles and wood debris. - Comments: Growing solitary, pileus diameter about 8 cm. Taste indistinctive, smell mild but distinctive on ?? Spore print white. Spore dimensions: 5,7 (SD=0,4) x 4,8 (SD=0,4) micr., Q = 1,17 (SD=0,07), n = 30 . Motic B2-211A, magnification 1.000 x, oil, in water. - Ref.: (1) Personal communication. Determined by Mr. Anton Poler. (2) R.M. Daehncke, 1200 Pilze in Farbfotos, AT Verlag (2009), p 858. (3) M.Bon, Parey's Buch der Pilze, Kosmos (2005), p 56 (4) A. Poler, Veselo po gobe, Mohorjeva druba, Celovec (in Slovene), (2002), p 158. (5) http://www.rogersmushrooms.com/gallery/DisplayBlock~bid~6021~source~gallerychooserresult.asp .
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Slo.: grbančasta slojevka - Habitat: Secondary mixed forest, deciduous trees dominant, nearly flat terrain, cretaceous clastic rock (flysh) bedrock, in shade, partly protected from direct rain by tree canopies, average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 8-10 deg C, elevations 460 m (1.500 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. - Substratum: dead but still standing and not yet debarked Alnus incana. - Comments: Growing on mossy bark of a tree. Photographed in almost dry state. Hymenium dull ocher-orange (oac757), at the thin margins almost white; mostly resupinate, rarely somewhat effused-reflexed, small huts blakish-brouwn; SP abundant, crme color (oac857); after keeping it at 100% relative humidity and room temperatures for a few days it started bruising reddish when handled and secreting blood-red milk when scratcher with a needle or knife. - Spores smooth, dimensions: 10.4 (SD = 0.7) x 4.7 (SD = 0.4) micr., Q = 2.21 (SD = 0.24), n = 30. Motic B2-211A, magnification 1.000 x, oil, in water. Ref.: (1) A.Bernicchia, S.P.Gorjon, Cortitiaceae s.i., Flora Europea Vol.12., Edizioni Candusso (2010), pp 640. (2) G.J.Krieglsteiner (Hrsg.), Die Grosspilze Bade-Wrttembergs, Band 1., Ulmer (2000), p 336. (3) R.Phillips, Mushrooms, Macmillan (2006), p 317. (4) M.Bon, Parey's Buch der Pilze, Kosmos (2005), p 310.
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Slo.: ovji mesnatovec - syn.: Boletus ovinus Schff., Scutiger ovinus (Schff.; Fr.) Murr. - Habitat: alpine valley, almost flat terrain, mixed wood with dominant Picea abies and Fagus sylvatica, under a Picea abies canopy; calcareous ground; in shade, relatively humid place; partly protected from direct rain by tree canopies, average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, 4-6 deg C, elevation 960 m (3.150 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. Substratum: forest soil. Comments: There are few polypores with so characteristic, aromatic and pleasant smell. To my experience only the scent of Gloeophyllum odoratum can compete with it. Once one experiences it, he will likely remember it forever. The traits like: habitus, prominent smell, shape and size of pores, areolate surface of pilei with yellow colored cracks (Ref.1.), a thin, darker, like gelatinous, layer (see picture 7b) above the pore layer, citric yellow bruising when handled, blackish reaction of pore layer on Meltzer's reagent, hypha with simple septa and Picea abies as mycorrhizal partner, seem convincing for Albatrellus ovinus. However, spores of this find seem a bit large. Dimensions fit reasonably well to Ref.6., but are larger than data given by other authors. Also the pilei seem to me unusually yellow. My former finds were of more cream-colored to buff appearance. Ref. 2. and 4. allow (among others) 'yellowish' and 'sulfur-yellow' color too and hence the observed color may still be within expectations. The mushroom is very rare in Great Britain (Ref.3.). It is rapidly disappearing in Germany (Ref.:4.) because of general eutrophication, it is highly endangered and enlisted in their Red list. In Slovenia it is not protected and still quite common. Fungi were growing in a few groups with two to several fruit bodies, partly confluent; pilei diameter 5-8 cm; stipe 3-6 cm long and up to 1.3 cm in diameter; pore layer up to 2.8 mm thick, bruising yellow, pores 3-4/mm in average, small and round with entire dissepiments near the edge of the pilei and larger and more angular with deeply lacerate dissepiments near the stipe; pore layer has a thin darker layer above it; Metzler's reaction on pore surface blackish; taste distinctive, porridge like, strange, on what?; smell strong, pleasant, aromatic, can be detected from far; dried pilei hard, completely yellow, characteristic smell remains; SP too faint to enable color determination. Spores smooth. Dimensions: 4 [4,7 ; 5] 5,6 x 3,1 [3,6 ; 3,8] 4,2 microns; Q = 1 [1,3 ; 1,4] 1,6; N = 28; C = 95%; Me = 4,8 x 3,7 microns; Qe = 1,3. Hypha thin walled, simple septa, with irregular swellings, 4 - 30 microns in diameter. Olympus CH20, NEA 100x/1.25, magnification 1.000 x, oil; in water. AmScope MA500 digital camera. Herbarium: Mycotheca and lichen herbarium (LJU-Li) of Slovenian Forestry Institute, Vena pot 2, Ljubljana, Index Herbariorum LJF Ref.: (1) L. Ryvarden, R.L. Gilbertson, European Polypores, part 1., Synopsis Fungorum 7., Fungiflora A/S (1993)(1994), p 90. (2) A. Bernicchia, S.P. Gorjon, Cortitiaceaes .i., Fungi Europaei Vol.12., Edizioni Candusso (2010), p 80. (3) S. Buczacki, Collins Fungi Guide, Collins (2012), p 468. (4) G.J. Krieglsteiner (Hrsg.), Die Grosspilze Baden-Wrttembergs, Band 1., Ulmer (2000), p 474. (5) R. Phillips, Mushrooms, Macmillan (2006), p 299. (6) Micologia e Botanica Udinese, http://www.micologiaebotanica.it/micologia.html
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Slo.: lososova sirovka - Habitat: Dense mixed forest of young Picea abies, Abies alba, Larix decidua and Fagus Sylvatica, flat terrain, calcareous bedrock, probably acid soil, in shade (little ground vegetation), humid place, partly protected from direct rain by tree canopies, average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 2-4 deg C, elevation 1.410 m (4.625 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. - Substratum: soil. - Comments: Growing solitary and in groups, many species, pileus diameter up to 14 cm, stem up to 7 cm tall; taste pleasant at the beginning, then slowly turning slightly burning, smell pleasant mushroomy, flesh quite brittle, milk orange-red at the beginning then turns beep blood red, SP creamy oac(857). - Spores warty with ornamentation. Dimensions: 9.2 (SD = 0.4) x 7.5 (SD = 0.4) micr., Q = 1.22 (SD = 0.07), n = 28 . Olympus CH20 (Motic B2-211A), NEA 100x/1.25, magnification 1.000 x, oil, in water. - Ref.: (1) R.M. Daehncke, 1200 Pilze in Farbfotos, AT Verlag (2009), p 950. (2) R.Phillips, Mushrooms, Macmillan (2006), p 65. (3) M.Bon, Parey's Buch der Pilze, Kosmos (2005), p 80. (4) S.Buczacki, Collins Fungi Guide, Collins (2012), p 282.
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Slo.: lenikova golobica - Habitat: Open mixed forest, flat terrain, under a Picea abies, among mosses and Picea needles; calcareous bedrock but possibly somewhat acid soil, fairly humid place, in total shade, partly protected from direct rain by tree canopies, average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 7-9 deg C, elevations 650 m (2.100 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. - Substratum: soil. - Comments: Determination uncertain. Experts disagree about this determination. It can be also Russula ochroleuca based on cup color and lack of stem chambers. Read discussion at http://mushroomobserver.org/59089?q=36Py . Description: Growing solitary, pileus diameter about 7 cm (2.7 inch); taste and smell mild; flesh firm; SP light ocher; cap skin peeling easily. Spore dimensions: warty, 8.5 (SD = 0.5) x 7.2 (SD = 0.3) micr., Q = 1,2 (SD = 0.06), n = 30. Motic B2-211A, magnification 1.000 x, oil, in water. Ref.: (0) Personal communication. Id'ed by Mr. Anton Poler. (1) R.M. Daehncke, 1200 Pilze in Farbfotos, AT Verlag (2009), p 850. (2) M.Bon, Parey's Buch der Pilze, Kosmos (2005), p 78. (3) http://www.grzyby.pl/gatunki/Russula_ochroleuca.htm . (4) http://www.rogersmushrooms.com/gallery/DisplayBlock~bid~6042~source~gallerychooserresult.asp . (5) R.M. Daehncke, 1200 Pilze in Farbfotos, AT Verlag (2009), p 860. (6) M.Bon, Parey's Buch der Pilze, Kosmos (2005), p 56. (7) R.Lueder, Grundkurs Pilzbestimmung, Quelle & Meyer (2008), p 177. (8) http://www.grzyby.pl/gatunki/Russula_mustelina.htm .