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Castel Fusano, Lazio, Italy
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2020.09.20 Munkkivuori, Helsinki, Finland
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Showing the underside of the Sulphur Shelf bracket fungus, which has very fine pores.
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Ischnoderma resinosum (Schrad.) P. Karst., syn.: Fomitopsis resinosa (Schrad.) Rauschert, Ischnoderma fuliginosum (Scop.) Murrill, Ungulina fuliginosa (Scop.) Pat.EN: Resinous Polypore, DE: Laubholz-HarzporlingSlo.: bukova irhovkaDat.: Dec. 3. 2018Lat.: 46.337198 Long.: 13.553608Code: Bot_1168/2018_DSC4494Habitat: cultivated grassland, city park; flat terrain; calcareous ground; partly sunny place; exposed to direct rain; average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 8-10 deg C, elevation 450 m (1.480 feet), alpine phytogeographical region.Substratum: dead Acer sp. (personal communication with a resident living next to the place) stump near its final stage of decomposition.Place: Bovec basin, city park in front of the hotel Kanin, East Julian Alps, Posoje, Slovenia EC.Comment: Ischnoderma resinosum is widely distributed and a common species in many regions. But it is a rare find in west Slovenia. This observation seems, at least according to available data from Boletus Informaticus database (Ref.: 8), the first one in Posoje region. Pilei are surprisingly soft for a polypore. When fresh they have very distinctive and pleasant smell resembling the smell of Gloeophyllum odoratum. However, this smell fades after some time and disappears completely in dry herbarium samples. It is interesting that young, but also large, seemingly mature pilei do not yet have hymenium developed and do not produce spores (Ref.: 6). In my first attempt I was trying to do microscopy of both in vain. Only after I went back to the site and bring home a very old, hard, almost decaying pileus I found plentiful spores.Many pilei were present; pilei semicircular to flabelliform, applanate, also effuse-reflexed and sometimes imbricate and confluent, measuring up to 15 x 9 cm, up to 2 cm thick; trama up to 15 mm thick, pore layer up to 10 mm thick; pilei soft; pores small, slightly bruising brownish; SP rather faint, light ocher, oac 847; 5% KOH reaction on pileus almost black with deep purple tint, on pores reddish-brown, on trama brown.Spores smooth. Dimensions: (4,3) 4,8 - 5,6 (5,9) (1,6) 1,8 - 2,2 (2,5) m; Q = (2,3) 2,34 - 2,8 (3,1); N = 40; Me = 5,2 2 m; Qe = 2,6. Olympus CH20, NEA 100x/1.25, magnification 1.000 x, oil; in water, fresh material. AmScope MA500 digital camera.Herbarium: Index Herbariorum LJF @ Mycotheca and lichen herbarium of Slovenian Forestry Institute.Ref.: (1) Leg. and personal communication with Mr. Bojan Rot,
www. gobenabovskem.si (2)
www.mushroomexpert.com/ischnoderma_resinosum.html (accessed Dec 13. 2018) (3) D. Arora, Mushrooms Demystified, Ten Speed Press, Berkeley (1986), p 573. (4) A. Bernicchia, Polyporaceaes l., Fungi Europaei, Vol. 10., Edizioni Candusso (2005), p 300. (5) L. Ryvarden, I. Melo, Poroid fungi of Europe, Synopsis Fungorum 31., Fungiflora (2014), p 240. (6) G.J. Krieglsteiner (Hrsg.), Die Grosspilze Baden-Wrttembergs, Band 1., Ulmer (2000), p 537.(7)
www.mycoquebec.org/bas.php?trie=I&l=l&nom=Ischnod... (accessed Dec.15.2018) (8) N. Ogris (ed), Boletus informaticus, Slovenian Forestry Institute
www.zdravgozd.si/bi_index.aspx (accessed Dec. 15. 2018)
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Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug - Yugra, Russia
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A hard and shiny (but annual) conk of western North America. It may be the same species as G. tsugae.
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Rocky River Reservation, North Olmsted, Ohio
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Zaragoza: Aragn (Espaa)Vedado de Peaflor.Depresin del Ebro. Subdivisin: Basidiomycotina Clase: Homobasidiomycetes Subclase: Aphyllophoromycetidae Orden: Poriales Familia: Polyporaceae
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Hvla, stergtlands Ln, Sverige
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Hingham, Massachusetts, United States
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Titusville, Florida, United States
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Lentinus tigrinusTigar SawgillSlo.: tigrasta strnjenkaDat.: Sept.17. 2011Lat.: 46.34026 Long.: 13.56039Code: Bot_552/2011_DSC9579 Habitat: Wet marsh, thicket of Salix sp. bushes, flat frequently flooded terrain, muddy ground, cretaceous clastic rock (flysh) bedrock, humid and shady place, partly protected from direct rain by tree canopies, average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 8-10 deg C, elevation 450 m (1.500 feet), alpine phytogeographical region.Substratum: Water soaked, rotten trunk of Salix viminalis or Salix fragilis almost completely buried in the muddy ground.Place: Bovec basin, Northeast of Bovec, Pod Trnjem place, East Julian Alps, Posoje, Slovenia EC Comments: Growing in a small group of several fruitbodies, pileus diameter up to about 6 cm (2.5 inch), taste and smell initially mild, smell becoming strong and unpleasant (urine) during drying, SP white. Ref.:(1) Id'ed by Mr. Bojan Rot(2) M.Bon, Parey's Buch der Pilze, Kosmos (2005), p 121.(3)
www.rogersmushrooms.com/gallery/DisplayBlock~bid~6282~gid...(4)
www.mycobank.org/MycoTaxo.aspx?Link=T&Rec=164542
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Fomes fomentarius (L.) Fr., syn.: Pyropolyporus fomentarius (L.) Teng, Ungulina fomentaria (L.) Pat., Polyporus fomentarius (L.) Fr. Tinder Bracket, Tinder conk, Amadou, Horse's hoof, DE: ZnderschwammSlo.: kresilna gobaDat.: Oct. 20. 2017Lat.: 46.36242 Long.: 13.69997Code: Bot_1094/2017_DSC03421Habitat: steep mountain slope, south aspect; mixed wood, Fagus sylvatica, Picea abies, Fraxinus ornus and Ostrya carpinifolia dominant trees; calcareous ground; relatively warm and dry place; average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 7-9 deg C, elevation 685 m (2.250 feet), alpine phytogeographical region.Substratum: dead, still standing Fagus sylvatica.Place: Lower Trenta valley, right bank of river Soa; between villages Soa and Trenta; Pod Stemerico place, above Trenta 2b cottage, East Julian Alps, Posoje, Slovenia EC.Comments: Fomes fomentarius is probably the most common and easy to spot Polyporaceae in the Trenta valley and surrounding valleys. Only Fomitopsis pinicola living on dead Picea abies is eventually more frequent and also more noticeable with its orange-red rim of the pilei. This is so because deteriorated and rotten Picea abies trees and trunks are in abundance here. Namely, Picea abies is not really a 'suitable' species for this habitat and climate and hardly thrives bountifully in this region. Also, many trees now grow on former pastures, now abandoned for decades, which were covered with only a very thin layer of soil. Combined with their shallow root system they are almost regularly toppled by strong winds when they become a few decades old. Presence of many dead Picea abies trunks here around is a stage of natural forest succession process. This conifer is gradually replaced by Fagus sylvatica trees, which is a species truly 'at home' in Trenta valley.Fomes fomentarius is mostly easy to recognize as such when it has its typical pileate or hoof-shaped habit. Although, it many cases it looks quite different from most pictures in the books. The habit depends on substratum, position on it and particularly on the age of the sporocarps. When young they are like a roundish 'blobs' of whitish, grayish or yellowish-ocher color, without a pore layer. In the first year pilei are brownish or yellowish, sometimes of reddish tint (ref.: 6) and becoming zonate on upper side. After the first year hard crust develops on the upper sterile side of sporocarps, which becomes gray to brown, and deeply zonate. When old they frequently become hoof-shaped, but other, often bizarre, shapes are also possible. If moist the old sporocarps may look totally black and are frequently difficult to distinguish from old Fomitopsis pinicola pilei. The most characteristic traits of mature Fomes fomentarius are: hard crust on the upper, sterile surface of basidiocarp, and particularly a granular, roundish, dark brown core next to the substratum (seen only in cross section of the sporocarp; a good distinguishing characteristics against sometimes very similar Ganoderma species (Ref:3)), pores with thick tomentose dissepiments and yellowish brown fibrous context. Tube layer is more or less stratified and filled with white mycelium when old. Stratification is often weak (Ref.8.even states: non-stratified tube layer). Basidiocarps are consistently fertile only early in the spring, so there was no spore print with this find. This species is culturally very important. It was found already with 5.500 years old find of frozen body of tzi, also called "iceman", high in the Alps. He had a piece of Fomes fomentarius sporocarp with him. In men's history the sporocarps had been used as tinder for making and transporting fires for millennia.The sporocarps on the pictures were found on an old, dead Fagus sylvatica tree. There were more than 35 pilei present, from young ones to very old ones. The largest is 37 cm wide, 34 cm high and 22 cm thick! The tree has 2.2 m circumference at about half a meter from ground. SP none.Herbarium: Mycotheca and lichen herbarium (LJU-Li) of Slovenian Forestry Institute, Vena pot 2, Ljubljana, Index Herbariorum LJFRef.: (1) R. Phillips, Mushrooms, Macmillan (2006), p 307.(2) L. Ryvarden, R.L. Gilbertson, European Polypores, Part 1., Synopsis Fungorum 7., Fungiflora A/S (1993), p 254.(3) L. Ryvarden, R.L. I. Melo, Potoid fungi of Europe, Gilbertson, European Polypores, Part 1., Synopsis Fungorum 31., Fungiflora (2014 ), p 178.(4) J. Breitenbach, F. Kraenzlin, Eds., Fungi of Switzerland, Vol.2. Verlag Mykologia (1986), p 306. (5) G.J. Krieglsteiner (Hrsg.), Die Grosspilze Baden-Wrttembergs, Band 1., Ulmer (2000), p 519. (6) A. Bernicchia, Polyporaceaes l., Fungi Europaei, Vol. 10., Edizioni Candusso (2005), p 215.(7) J. Ginns, Polypores of British Columbia, Crown Publ., Technical Report 104 (2017), p 88. (8) D. Arora, Mushrooms Demystified, Ten Speed Press, Berkeley (1986), p 581.
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Thin conk's collecting epiphytes, Jatun Sacha Reserve, Ecuador.
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Castel Fusano, Lazio, Italy
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Polyporus varius (Pers.) Fr., syn.: Polyporus leptocephalus (Jacq.) Fr., Polyporus elegans Blackfoot Polypore, DE: Lwengelber SchwarzfuporlingSlo.: raznolini luknjiarDat.: July 26. 2015Lat.: 46.41417 Long. 13.56060Code: Bot_903/2015_DSC7972 (042257)Habitat: mountain lake shore, in willow thickets, among tall herbs, flat terrain, calcareous alluvial, skeletal ground; in shade, humid place, partly protected from direct rain by tree canopies, average precipitations ~ 2.800 mm/year, average temperature 5-7 deg C, elevation 960 m (3.150 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. Substratum: fallen, dead trunk of Salix eleagnos in its initial disintegration stage.Place: Iof di Montasio region, south shore of Raibel Lake (Rabeljsko jezero), south of village Rabelj (Cave del Predil), Jezernica valley (Val Rio del Lago), borderline between East and West Julian Alps, Friuli-Venezia-Giulia, Italy EC.Comments: Assuming this find belongs to Polyporus Fr. (sens.lat.) large measured spores point to the group Polyporus s.str. with only two members in Europe, namely Polyoprus tuberaster and Polyporus squamosus (Ref.1). Since Polyporus tuberster grows on ground from a sclerotium the only candidate from this group remains Polyporus squamoss. However, density of pores (measured 5-6 pores/mm; typical for Polyporus squamosus 1-2/mm) apparently exclude this option. Also, pilei surface do not show even a trace of radially arranged darker squamules so typical for Polyporus squamosus. So, this option seems out. On the other hand macroscopic traits fit well to Polyporud varius. Pilei size, density of pores, pilei color (for young pilei), decurrent pores, black, short, relatively thin stipe and substratum all speak in favor of this determination. However, measured spores are way too big. I have no convincing explanation for this discrepancy. May be that the sporocarps found were too young to sporulate and that the spores measured belong to some other fungi in the vicinity of the find? SP was (if at all) very faint, practically invisible for the naked eye.Growing solitary and in a single group of four pilei fuzzed at the base; pilei diameter up to 6.5 cm; stipe short, thin compared to pilei diameter, almost entirely black; context firm, leathery, almost difficult to cut; when dry very hard; context slowly darkening to light brown when cut; pore surface also darkening to light brown when handled; smell distinct, mushroomy, pleasant; taste distinct, mushroomy, slightly unpleasant after a while; SP almost none.Spores smooth. Dimensions: 13 [13.9 ; 14.4] 15.2 x 4.9 [5.4 ; 5.7] 6.1 microns; Q = 2.3 [2.5 ; 2.6] 2.8; N = 20; C = 95%; Me = 14.1 x 5.5 microns. Olympus CH20, NEA 100x/1.25, magnification 1.000 x, oil, in water, in vivo. AmScope MA500 digital camera.Herbarium: Mycotheca and lichen herbarium (LJU-Li) of Slovenian Forestry Institute, Vena pot 2, Ljubljana, Index Herbariorum LJFRef.:(1) L. Ryvarden, R.L. Gilbertson, European Polypores, part 2., Synopsis Fungorum 7., Fungiflora A/S (1994), p 586. (2) R.Phillips, Mushrooms, Macmillan (2006), p 298. (3) S.Buczacki, Collins Fungi Guide, Collins (2012), p 510. (4) G.J.Krieglsteiner (Hrsg.), Die Grosspilze Baden-Wrttembergs, Band 1., Ulmer (2000), p 510.(5) A.Bernicchia, S.P.Gorjon, Cortitiaceaes.i., Fungi Europaei Vol.12., EdizioniCandusso (2010), p 473. (6) R.M. Daehncke, 1200 Pilze in Farbfotos, AT Verlag (2009), p 1060. (7) D.Arora, Mushrooms Demystified, Ten Speed Press, Berkeley (1986), p 562.(8) L. Ryvarden, Polyporaceae of North Europe, Vol. I & II, Islo (1978). (9) S. Domanski, H. Orlos, A. Skirgiello, Grzby, Polyporaceac II, Mucronoporaceae II, Springfield, Warshaw (1967).
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Beremboke, Victoria, Australia
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Ingliston, Victoria, Australia
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Castel Fusano, Lazio, Italy
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Large bracket fungi on yellow birch, Maine, 28th November 2008, mixed coastal forest. The identification is tentative and I would welcome confirmation or correction.