Comments
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Within the flora, Urtica urens is most abundant in California and in eastern Canada. The Shuswap used it medicinally for sweatbaths and for pain from rheumatism (D. E. Moerman 1986).
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Comments
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Wright (in 1899) and Handel-Mazzetti (in 1929) reported this species from Zhejiang, in SE China; however, we have seen no material from there. If present in Zhejiang, the plants must be naturalized.
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Description
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Herbs , annual, with taproot, 1-8 dm. Stems simple or branched, erect. Leaf blades elliptic to broadly elliptic, widest near middle, 1.8-9 × 1.2-4.5 cm, base cuneate, margins coarsely serrate, serrations often with lateral lobes, apex acute; cystoliths rounded. Inflorescences spikelike or paniculate. Flowers unisexual, staminate and pistillate in same inflorescence, subsessile to short-pedunculate. Pistillate flowers: outer tepals ovate, 0.5-0.7 mm, inner tepals broadly ovate, 0.6-0.9 × 1.2-1.4 mm. Achenes ovoid, 1.5-1.8 × 1.1-1.3 mm. 2 n = 24, 26.
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Description
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Herbs annual. Stems branched, 10-60 cm tall, sparsely puberulent and somewhat densely armed with stinging hairs; lower internodes 4-7 cm, upper internodes 1-3 cm. Stipules free, narrowly triangular, 1-2.5 mm, ciliate; petiole 1-2.5 cm, puberulent, sparsely armed with stinging hairs; leaf blade broadly elliptic, sometimes ovate or obovate, 1.2-6 × 0.6-3 cm, 5-veined, often subglabrous except for sparse stinging hairs on both surfaces, base broadly cuneate or rounded, margin 6-11-dentate, apex obtuse-rounded; cystoliths punctiform, distinct adaxially. Inflorescences containing proximal female flowers and distal male flowers, spicate, 0.5-2.5 cm. Male flowers short pedicellate, in bud ca. 1.2 mm; perianth lobes connate 1/2 of length, puberulent. Female flowers: perianth lobes connate at base, dorsal-ventral lobes ovate, equaling achene, often with 1 stinging hair on dorsal rib, sparsely setulose along margin, lateral lobes ovate, ca. 5 times as small as others. Achene brownish gray, ovoid, compressed, 0.8 mm, verrucose, invested by persistent perianth lobes. Fl. May-Jul, fr. Aug-Sep.
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Distribution
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introduced; Greenland; St. Pierre and Miquelon; Alta., B.C., Man., N.B., Nfld., N.S., Ont., P.E.I., Que., Sask., Yukon; Ala., Alaska, Ariz., Calif., Conn., Fla., Ill., Iowa, Maine, Mass., Mich., Mo., Nev., N.H., N.Mex., N.Y., Okla., Oreg., Pa., R.I., S.C., Tex., Vt., Wash.; Eurasia.
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Flowering/Fruiting
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Flowering spring-summer.
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Habitat
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Waste places, roadsides, pastures, barnyards, cultivated fields, rich woodlands; 0-700m.
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Habitat & Distribution
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Forest margins, roadsides, near villages; 500-1000 m in N China, 2800-2900 m in SW China. Liaoning, Qinghai, Xinjiang (Altay region), S Xizang [Africa, Asia, Europe, very widely distributed in temperate regions and tropical highlands].
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