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Slo.: pegasta gostolistka - Melanoleuca polioleuca (Fr.) G. Moreno - Habitat: Mixed wood side and grassland of a golf playground; flat terrain, relatively humid but sunny place, exposed to direct rain, average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 8-10 deg C, elevation 370 m (1.200 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. - Substratum: soil. - Comments: There is a confusion about the names as well as spore dimension data in literature available to me. For example: Rodger mushrooms has Melanoleuca polioleuca as a synonym of Melanoleuca melaleuca. Index Fungorum as well as Slovenian checklist of fungi have both names as valid names. I keep with data in Ref.(1). - Growing solitary and in large, but sparse groups, many fruit bodies. Pileus diameter up to 9 cm (3,5 inch), up to 10 cm (4 inch) tall. Taste slightly unpleasant, smell indistinctive. Cap glabrous, dark gray-brown (oac868), gills whitish-beige (oac850-851), stipe concolorous with the cap, darker toward the base. SP whitish with a slight pink tint (oac857). Some mycelium present at the base of the stipe. - Spores ornamented. Dimensions: 8.1 (SD = 0.5) x 5.1 (SD = 0.3) micr., Q = 1.59 (SD = 0.08), n = 30. Many fusiform and lageniform pleurocystidia present as well as such with crystals at their tips (this excludes M. melaleuca). Motic B2-211A, magnification 1.000 x, oil, in water. Congo red. - Ref.: (1) G.J.Krieglsteiner (Hrsg.), Die Grosspilze Bade-Wrttembergs, Band 3, Ulmer (2001), p 375. (2) R.Phillips, Mushrooms, Macmillan (2006), p 99. (3) M.Noordeloos et all, Flora Agaricina Neerlandica #4, Balcema (1999), p164. (4) A.Poler, ed., Seznam gliv Slovenije (in Slovene), 2nd Ed., Assoc. of Mycol.Soc. of Slovenia (1998), p 48.
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Slo.: lina trhlenka - Habitat: Mixed wood: Picea abies, Pinus nigra, Fagus sylvatica, Fraxinus ornus and Fraxinus excelsior, etc; flat terrain, shallow forest soil layer, probably somewhat acid, old consolidated river deposit, calcareous ground, in shade, partly protected from direct rain by tree canopies, average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 8-10 deg C, elevation 410 m (1.350 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. - Substratum: Fallen rotten trunk of a small Pinus nigra. - Comments: Several fruitbodies on the log, pileus diameter up to 6.5 cm (3.5 inch), taste and smell indistinctive, SP white with faint pink tint (oac795), cup golden-yellow (oac852), gills deep golden (oac811), stipe concolorous with gills, lighter at the base. - Spore dimensions: 7.2 (SD = 0.5) x 5.3 (SD = 0.4) micr., Q = 1.4 (SD = 0.09), n = 30. - Ref.: (1) Id'ed by Mr. Bojan Rot. (2) http://www.mushroomexpert.com/tricholomopsis_decora.html . (3) http://www.grzyby.pl/gatunki/Tricholomopsis_decora.htm . (4) R.Phillips, Mushrooms, Macmillan (2006), p 98. (5) M.Bon, Parey's Buch der Pilze, Kosmos (2005), p 150.
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Slo.: poprhnjena livka - Habitat: mossy upland grassland with scattered Picea abies, Juniperus comm unis Fraxinus ornus, Corylus avellana, etc., fairly flat, quite deep, humid, calcareous, south faced ground, partly in shade of a Picea abies, exposed to rain, average precipitations ~3.000 mm/year, average temperature 6-8 deg C, elevation 890 m (2.900 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. - Substratum: soil. - Comments: Spores 7,2 (SD=0,6) x 4,0 (SD=0,3) micr, n= 30. Motic B1-211A, magnification 1.000 x, oil; in water. Spore print light gray-ocher with a slight tint of green, taste mild, unpleasant, smell rank, a kind of mushroomy but very specific. - Ref.: personal communication Mr. Bojan Rot http://www.gobenabovskem.si/. J.Grom, Nae gobe (in Slovene), epna Knjiga, (1981), p 162. R.M.Daehncke, 1200 Pilze in Farbfotos, AT Verlag (2009), p 210. D.Arora, Mushrooms Demystified, Ten Speed Press, Berkeley (1986), pp 159.
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Slo.: podvihana kolesnica - syn.: Clitocybe flaccida (Sowerby) P. Kumm., Clitocybe inversa (Scop.) Qul., Lepista flaccida (Sowerby) Pat., Clitocybe flaccida (Sowerby) P. Kumm., Clitocybe gilva (Fr.) Kumm., Lepista inversa (Scop.) Pat., Lepista gilva (Pers.) Pat., Paralepista gilva (Pers.) Raithelh., Omphalia flaccida (Sowerby) Qul., Omphalia inversa (Scop.) Qul. - Habitat: Old, calcareous alluvial terrace, mixed wood, Picea abies, Fagus sylvatica, Ostrya carpinifolia dominant trees; under large Picea abies canopies (total shade, no ground vegetation, protected from direct rain) but also on grassy wood edge (half open, partly sunny place, exposed to direct rain); locally flat terrain; average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 8-10 deg C, elevation 415 m (1.360 feet), alpine phytogeographical region.Substratum: soil, rotten needles and other plant material.Comments: Paralepista flaccida is a common, very variable (look at the list of synonyms!) yet relatively easy to recognize fungus by its foxy-red-brown (when wet) to orange-ocher (when dry) color and by its fleshy, waxy appearance. It shares typical Lepista species habit but it is somewhat smaller than more frequent and better known Lepista nuda or Lepista nebularis. Gills are easy to separate from trama as in most Lepista species. The fungus was separate from Lepista genus and put into Paralepista genus only in the year 2012 based on DNA evidence. Before that various genus and species names had been used and long, long debates about its taxonomy took place. Growing in groups, many fruit bodies found; pileus diameter 2.8 - 6 cm; smell pleasant, partly mushroomy partly mealy; flesh watery, brittle; SP white with a slight orange-pink tint.Spores somewhat warty, subglobose. Dimensions: (4) 4.1 - 4.7 (5.1) x (3.2) 3.7 - 4.3 (4.5) microns; Q = 1 - 1.2 (1.3); N = 40; Me = 4.5 x 4 microns ; Qe = 1.1. Olympus Motic B2-211A, NEA 100x/1.25, magnification 1.000 x, oil; in water, fresh material;. AmScope MA500 digital camera.Ref.: (1) Personal communication with Mr. Bojan Ror, gobenabovskem.si(2) J. Breitenbach, F. Kraenzlin, Eds., Fungi of Switzerland, Vol.3. Verlag Mykologia (1991), p 212. (3) G.J. Krieglsteiner (Hrsg.), Die Grosspilze Baden-Wrttembergs, Band 3., Ulmer (2001), p 289. (4) M. Bon, Parey's Buch der Pilze, Kosmos (2005), p 142.
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Slo.: golobija kolobarnica - syn.: Tricholoma album ss. Kuhner & Romagnesi 1953, Gyrophila lasciva (Fr.) Qul. - Habitat: slightly inside light, mixed, unmaintained forest edge with many shrubs; Picea abies, Fagus sylvatica, Corylus avellana, Prunus spinosa, Rubus sp. etc. present; near a small water stream; flat terrain; cretaceous clastic rock (flysh) bedrock with some limestone; humid place, mostly in shade; partly protected from direct rain by tree canopies; average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 8-10 deg C, elevation 460 m (1.500 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. Substratum: soil.Comments: There exist four whitish species with similar habit in the genus Tricholoma: Tricholoma album, Tricholoma columbetta, Tricholoma inamoenum and Tricholoma lascivum. Also nomenclature history of these species is 'difficult'. Hence confusion and misidentifications are frequent. From this reason some experts consider published distribution ranges of these species as questionable. MycoBank (Ref.7) states: 'Real distribution poorly known because of the taxonomic confusion with similar species'.This find was at first (based on habit) recognized as Tricholoma inamoenum. However, measured spore dimensions were much too small. Their dimensions and particularly narrow spores (Q exceeding 1.6) speaks in favor of Tricholoma lascivum. Also other macro traits and habitat seems to fit reasonably well to this determination. On the other hand, Tricholoma album is a symbiont with Betula or Quercus, which were not present in the vicinity. Tricholoma columbetta is practically without odor (Ref. 2 and 3) while the find had strong, unpleasant smell on gas or chemistry. Tricholoma album and Tricholoma columbetta also have somewhat smaller spores, while, Tricholoma inamoenum has significantly larger spores.Description: Several fruitbodies present, some clustered; pilei diameter up to 3 - 7(8) cm; smell strong, unpleasant, on gas or some chemistry; taste not tested; SP abundant, white.Spores smooth. Dimensions: (6) 6,3 - 7,6 (8) x (3,5) 3,8 - 4,5 (4,8) microns; Q = (1,4) 1,5 - 1,9 (2,1); N = 35; Me = 6,9 x 4,1 microns; Qe = 1,7. Olympus CH20, NEA 100x/1.25, magnification 1.000 x, oil (spores); in water; fresh material. AmScope MA500 digital camera.Ref.: (1) C. Bas, Th.W.Kuyper, M.E. Nordeloos, E.C. Vellinga (eds.), Flora Agaricina Neerlandica, A.A. Balkema, Vol.4. (1999), p 145.(2) M.Christensen, J. Heilmann-Clausen, The genus Tricholoma, Fungi of Northern Europe, Vol.4. (2013), p 186.(3) J. Breitenbach, F. Kraenzlin, Eds., Fungi of Switzerland, Vol.3. Verlag Mykologia (1991), p 330.(4) https://www.myko.cz/myko-atlas/Tricholoma-lascivum/ (accessed Nov. 4. 2017) (5) G.J. Krieglsteiner (Hrsg.), Die Grosspilze Baden-Wrttembergs, Band 3., Ulmer (2001), p 568.(6) S. Buczacki, Collins Fungi Guide, Collins (2012), p 154.
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Slo.: grenka velepodvihanka - syn.: Leucopaxillus amarus auct., Clitocybe gentianea Qul., Clitocybe amara sensu auct., Lepista amara sensu auct. - Habitat: Mixed forest, Fagus sylvatica and Picea abies dominant trees; moderately inclined mountain slope, southeast aspect; calcareous ground; relatively warm place; partly protected from direct rain by tree canopies; average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 5-7 deg C, elevation 930 m (3.050 feet), alpine phytogeographical region.Substratum: soil.Comment: Leucopaxillus gentianeus is a beautiful mushroom with its nicely brown, felted hut, however, with disgusting taste. Definitely not a candidate for culinary experiences! Three pilei were found; pilei diameter up to 10 cm; gills can be easily separated from trama as a separate layer; not discoloring brownish on handling (as some sources say); smell mild, indistinctive, somewhat mushroomy or mealy; taste much unpleasant, bitter, jerked, or on some chemistry, persistent; SP abundant, white.Spores minutely warty (barely visible with my equipment and in water). Dimensions: (5.2) 5.5 - 6.3 (7) x (4.1) 4.3 - 5.1 (5.6) microns; Q = (1.1) 1.14 - 1.4 (1.5); N = 30; Me = 5.9 x 4.8 microns; Qe = 1.2. Olympus CH20, NEA 100x/1.25, magnification 1.000 x, oil; in water, fresh material. AmScope MA500 digital camera.Ref.: (1) Personal communication with Mr. Bojan Rot, www.gobenabovskem.si (2) S. Buczacki, Collins Fungi Guide, Collins (2012), p 206. (3) J. Breitenbach, F. Kraenzlin, Eds., Fungi of Switzerland, Vol.3. Verlag Mykologia (1995), p 218. (4) G.J. Krieglsteiner (Hrsg.), Die Grosspilze Baden-Wrttembergs, Band 3., Ulmer (2001), p 302.(5) M. Bon, Parey's Buch der Pilze, Kosmos (2005), p 162. (6) R. Phillips, Mushrooms, Macmillan (2006), p 96. (7) http://www.mycoquebec.org/bas.php?trie=L&l=l&nom=Leucopaxillus%20gentianeus%20/%20Leucopaxille%20amer&tag=Leucopaxillus%20gentianeus&gro=36 (accessed Nov.8. 2017)(8) http://www.mushroomexpert.com/leucopaxillus_gentianeus.html (accessed Nov.8. 2017)
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Slo.: bledovijolina kolesnica - syn: Clitocybe glaucocana (Bres.) Bigelow & Sm., Lepista nuda var. glaucocana (Bres.) Krieglst - Habitat: Mixed wood; Fagus sylvatica, Picea abies, Ostrya carpinifolia, Fraxinus ornus, Corylus avellana dominant trees; under Fagus sylvatica; slightly inclined mountain slope, southeast aspect; calcareous, skeletal ground on coluvial ground; in shade, moderately dry and relatively warm place; protected from direct rain by tree canopies; average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 7-9 deg C, elevation 605 m (2.000 feet), alpine phytogeographical region.Substratum: a layer of dead Fagus sylvatica leaves.Comments: Lepista glaucocana is a quite common mushroom in Trenta valley. It is beautiful, quite large and usually occurs in large groups. Its color is variable and hence it is sometimes difficult to be distinguished in field from similar more violet Lepista nuda and more whitish Lepista irina. Growing gregarious, over 15 pilei present; pilei diameter from 5.5 to 10 cm, stipe from 4 to 6.5 cm long and from 1.3 to 4 cm in diameter; smell strong on something in between earthy, floury and mushroomy; taste mild, mushroomy, quite pleasant; pilei cuticle peels of easily; SP abundant, whitish-beige, oac7.Spores smooth, somewhat warty. Dimensions: 6.2 [6.9 ; 7.2] 7.9 x 3.6 [4.2 ; 4.4] 4.9 microns; Q = 1.4 [1.6 ; 1.7] 1.9; N = 40; C = 95%; Me = 7 x 4.3 microns; Qe = 1.7. Olympus CH20, NEA 100x/1.25, magnification 1.000 x, oil, fresh material; in water. AmScope MA500 digital camera.Herbarium: Mycotheca and lichen herbarium (LJU-Li) of Slovenian Forestry Institute, Vena pot 2, Ljubljana, Index Herbariorum LJFRef.:(1) G.J. Krieglsteiner (Hrsg.), Die Grosspilze Baden-Wrttembergs, Band 3., Ulmer (2001), p 294.(2) J. Breitenbach, F. Kraenzlin, Eds., Fungi of Switzerland, Vol.3. Verlag Mykologia (1991), p 210. (3) http://www.gobe.si/Gobe/LepistaGlaucocana (4) http://www.svims.ca/council/Lepist.htm SP
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Slo.: veplena kolobarnica - Habitat: Young mixed wood/thicket (mostly Fagus sylvatica, Picea abies, Fraxinus ornus), fairly flat, shallow, calcareous, southeast faced ground, in shade, partly protected from direct rain by tree canopies, average precipitations ~3.000 mm/year, average temperature 6-8 deg C, elevation 640 m (2.100 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. - Substratum: mossy forest ground. - Comments: Spores 10.2 (SD=0.5) x 6.9 (SD=0.4) micr, n=20; unmistakable awful and strong smell, like a poorly maintained sulfur water spa. - Ref: Personal communication Mr. Bojan Rot, http://www.gobenabovskem.si/ rel='nofollow'>www.gobenabovskem.si/ - M.Bon, Pareys Buch der Pilze, Kosmos (2005), p 152. - R.M.Daehncke, 1200 Pilze in Farbfotos, AT Verlag (2009), p 238. - http://www.rogersmushrooms.com/gallery/DisplayBlock~bid~6875~source~gallerychooserresult.asp
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Slo.: oranna kolobarnica - Habitat: Picea abies wood mixed with Fagus sylvatica, almost flat terrain, calcareous ground, in shade, almost no ground vegetation, partly protected from direct rain by tree canopies, average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 2-4 deg C, elevation 1.350 m (4.350 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. - Substratum: forest soil. - Comments: This beautiful mushroom is not common in Slovenia. It is most frequently found in cultural and not natural landscape, namely in intensively forested stands of Picea abies (Ref.:(3)). Growing solitary, scattered and in groups, over 30 pilei at the site; pileus diameter up to 13 cm, stipe up to 8 cm tall; surface of the cap viscid, some pilei beaded with orange droplets; taste strong persistent, unpleasant, some kind of bitter, very specific; smell strong almost pleasant, on flour? fruits?, strange; SP white (oac909). - Spores smooth, broad elliptical to globose. Dimensions: 5.3 (SD = 0.4) x 4.1 (SD = 0.3) μ, Q = 1.31 (SD = 0.09), n = 30. Olympus CH20, NEA 100x/1.25, magnification 1.000 x, oil, in water. AmScope MA500 digital camera. - Ref.: (1) Personal communication with Mr. Bojan Rot, www.gobenabovskem.com. (2) M.Bon, Parey's Buch der Pilze, Kosmos (2005), p 160. 5.5/4 (3) H.Doerfelt and E. Ruske, Die Welt der Pilze,Wissdorn-Verlag, Jena (2008), p 177. (4) D.Arora, Mushrooms Demystified, Ten Speed Press, Berkeley (1986), p 187. 4-6/3-5 (5) R.M. Daehncke, 1200 Pilze in Farbfotos, AT Verlag (2009), p 228. 4-5/3-3,5 (6) http://www.mushroomexpert.com/tricholoma_aurantium.html 5-6/3-4
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Slo.: latviasta palivka - Habitat: Unimproved grassland grassed by sheep, northeast oriented mountain slope, calcareous ground, mostly sunny, exposed to direct rain, average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 6-8 deg C, elevations 630 m (2.050 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. - Substratum: grassland soil. - Coments: Growing solitary or two, tree together, pileus diameter up to 55 mm; smell mild, pleasant; SP white, slightly beige. Spore smooth, dimensions 8.3 (SD = 0.6) x 5.3 (SD = 0.4) micr., Q = 1.65 (SD = 0.12), n = 30.
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Slo.: vijolicasta kolesnica - Habitat: mossy upland grassland, fairly flat, quite deep, humid, calcareous, south faced ground, partly in shade of a Juniperus communis bush, exposed to rain, average precipitations ~3.000 mm/year, average temperature 6-8 deg C, elevation 890 m (2.900 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. - Substratum: soil. - Comments: Spores 8,0 (SD=1,1) micr x 4,6 (SD=0,5) micr, n= 20. Motic B1-211, magnification 1.000 x, oil; in water. Spore print crme to light ocher with a slight pink tint, taste mild, smell pleasant mushroomy. Gills can be easily separated from pileus. - Ref.: personal communication Mr. Bojan Rot http://www.gobenabovskem.si/. R.M.Daehncke, 1200 Pilze in Farbfotos, AT Verlag (2009), p 213. R.Lueder, Grundkurs Pilzbestimmung, Quelle & Mayer (2008), p 398.
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Slo.: rdekasta trhlenka - syn.: Gyrophila rutilans (Schaeff.) Qul., Tricholoma rutilans (Schaeff.) P. Kumm., Tricholomopsis variegata (Scop.) Singer - Habitat: mixed wood, Picea abies and Fagus sylvatica dominant trees; locally almost flat terrain, bottom of the valley; calcareous ground; almost in shade; partly protected from direct rain by tree canopies, average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 5-7 deg C, elevation 820 m (2.700 feet), alpine phytogeographical region.Substratum: totally rotten, moss overgrown Picea abies stump.Comments: Tricholomopsis rutilans can hardly be confused with other species in the field. Beautifully yellow-reddish colored mushroom has abundant and large (up to 140 microns long) cheilocystidia (special sterile cells that are found, in some mushrooms, popping up on the edges of the gills, here much larger than basidia), which can be seen even without microscope with any magnifying glass. The mushroom is generally quite common although not in the Trenta valley. A single fruitbody has been found. Smell and taste mild, undistinguished; SP white.Spores smooth with one guttule. Dimensions: (6,1) 6,7 - 7,6 (8) x (4,8) 4,9 - 5,7 (6,1) microns; Q = (1,2) 1,3 - 1,4 (1,6); N = 30; Me = 7,1 x 5,4 microns; Qe = 1,3. Olympus CH20, NEA 100x/1.25, magnification 1.000 x, oil; in water; fresh material. AmScope MA500 digital camera.Ref.: (1) Personal communication with Mr. Bojan Rot, www.gobemnbovskem.si(2) http://www.mushroomexpert.com/tricholomopsis_rutilans.html (accessed Nov.9. 2017) (3) J. Breitenbach, F. Kraenzlin, Eds., Fungi of Switzerland, Vol.3., Verlag Mykologia (1991), p 346. 3 (4) G.J. Krieglsteiner (Hrsg.), Die Grosspilze Baden-Wrttembergs, Band 3., Ulmer (2001), p 578.(5) R.M. Daehncke, 1200 Pilze in Farbfotos, AT Verlag (2009), p 224. (6) R. Phillips, Mushrooms, Macmillan (2006), p 98. (7) M. Bon, Parey's Buch der Pilze, Kosmos (2005), p 150.