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Habitat: stony upland grassland, fully wind, sun and precipitations exposed, precipitations ~3.000 mm/year, average temperature 0-2 deg C, altitude 1.910 m (6.300 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. Substratum: calcareous rock
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Syn: Xanthoria ectaneoides (Nyl.) Zahlbr., Xanthoria parietina var. ectanea auct. brit, Parmelia aureola Ach., Physcia aureola (Ach.) Linds., Xanthoria parietina f. aureola (Ach.) P. Syd. - Habitat: dry stony wall delimiting (mostly) abandoned fields and deserted terraced olive groves; close to sea shore; almost flat terrain; calcareous, skeletal ground; dry place, full sun; exposed to direct rain, average precipitations ~ 900 mm/year, average temperature 12-14 deg C, elevations 35 m (110 feet), Sub-Mediterranean phytogeographical region. - Substratum: vertical to steeply inclined surface of limestone rocks, west-southwest exposition. - Comment: This was a beautiful and interesting find. The lichen is very conspicuous because of its deep orange color and considerable size. Several specimens were found in the vicinity. Also its taxonomy is interesting. After Smith (2009) it should be named Xanthoria aureola. However, this name has been long time used (and is still so by many) for another very similar specimen Xanthoria calcicola Oxner. Many (Ref.:2) would rather call them and also do so (Ref.:3) Xanthoria ectaneoides. They claim that the name Xanthoria aureola opposes the Article 57 of the International Code of Botanical Nomenclature. Other consider this species only as a 'kind of' very common Xanthoria parietina. The result is a considerable confusion in naming. Be that as it may Xanthoria calcicola differs from Xanthoria aureola by densely isidiate central part of the thallus (see Ref.: 7) and less strap-shaped and sparsely overlapping thallus terminal lobes (Smith 2009). Smith (2009) considers this species as Western European species and GBIF map confirms this by showing most of observations along west coasts from north Scandinavia to Canary Islands and with a few exceptions in Germany (a single specimen now in herbarium Berlin), on Crete and several finds in Italy (Ref.:6). Almost all finds are close to sea shores.What puzzles me with this observation is the center of the thallus on picture 2b, upper part. The thallus is 'bumpy' there and this bumps may eventually be interpreted as isidia. I am not sure. If so, this would not fit to Xanthoria aureola. Also, Smith lists ' siliceous or, rarely, basic rock ' as a most common substratum, while Dobson 2005 doesn't list siliceous rock as an option, but eventually allows basic rock. This find was surely found on calcareous, basic rock. The lichen was photographed in completely dry state.Ref.:(1) C.W.Smith, et all, The lichens of Great Britain and Ireland,The British Lichen Society,(2009), p 968.(2) http://www.lichens.lastdragon.org/Xanthoria_aureola.html (accessed April 3. 2018) (3) F.S. Dobson, Lichens, The Richmonds Publishing Ca.LTD (2005), p 462.(4) V. Wirth, Die Flechten Baden-Wrttembergs, Teil.2., Ulmer (1995), p 974.(5) https://www.gbif.org/species/2609974 (accessed April 3. 2018)(6) http://dbiodbs.univ.trieste.it/italic/italic41 (accessed April 3. 2018)(7) http://www.lichens.lastdragon.org/Xanthoria_calcicola.html (accessed April 4. 2018)
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Slo.: ? Habitat: A rock in midst of grassland, fully exposed to sun and precipitations, S exposition, precipitations ~3.000 mm/year, average temperature 8-10 deg C, altitude 635 m (2.100 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. Substratum: vertical surface of a bare calcareous rock
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Habitat: vertical face of a large boulder at the foot of scree slops, SW exposed, warm place, air humidity high, exposed to sun and precipitations, precipitations ~3.000 mm/year, average temperature 8-10 deg C, altitude 330 m (1.100 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. Substratum: bare limestone rock surface
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Slo. ? - Habitat: upland stony grassland at tree line, S faced mountain slope, altitude 1.850 m (6.100 feet), fully exposed to rain and sun, precipitations ~2.800 mm/year, average temperature 2-4 deg C, alpine phytogeographical region. Substratum: vertical limestone bedrock.
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The recently discovered Xanthoria pollinarioides turned up at Asilomar, location of the International Association of Lichenologists conference.
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Slo.: no name - Synonymy: Caloplaca fulgida (Nyl.) J. Steiner, Fulgensia fulgida (Nyl.) Szatala, Lecanora fulgida (Nyl.) Hue, Placodium fulgens var. fulgidum (Nyl.) Boistel, Squamaria fulgida (Nyl.) H. Olivier - Habitat: stony path through dense low bushes, calcareous, skeletal ground; sunny, very dry place, slightly inclined terrain, southwest aspect; elevation 70 m (230 feet); average precipitations ~ 1.000 mm/year, average temperature 13 -14 deg C, sub-Mediterranean phytogeographical region. Substratum: hard calcareous rock.Place: West Krk island, west of village Brzac, at about halfway of a trail to sea shore, Kvarner bay, Adriatic Sea, Croatia EC. Comment: Closely related Gyalolechia fulgida and Gyalolechia fulgens (Ref.1) are both beautifully colored lichens. Gyalolechia fulgens is more common but still a rare species. First I thought I found Gyalolechia fulgens. However, later I realized that bare rock is not appropriate substratum for it since it (mostly?) grows on soil, mosses and sand dunes (it is terricolous species). There were several specimens at the place of this observation and all of them grew on bare, hard calcareous rocks (were saxicolous). This better fits to Gyalolechia fulgida (according to most sources). Gyalolechia fulgida also has lobulated thallus all the way to its center, while the thallus of Gyalolechia fulgens is usually smooth or areolate in the central region (Ref.7). Gyalolechia fulgens also prefers less arid habitats than Gyalolechia fulgida (Ref.4.). The habitat of this find is very dry, which also supports my determination. Yet, information about Gyalolechia fulgida I was able to find is very scarce (not mentioned at all in all my books) and sometimes contradictory. For example: several authors state also soils as substrate of Gyalolechia fulgida (some even exclusively) and others mention also calcareous rock as a possible substrate for Gyalolechia fulgens. Hence my determination isn't completely reliable. Ref.:(1) U.Arup, U. Schting and P. Frdn, A new taxonomy of the family Teloschistaceae, Nordic Journal of Botany 31: 016083 (2013).(2) https://www.arkive.org/lichen/fulgensia-fulgida/image-G63295.html (accessed May 7. 2018)(3) http://dryades.units.it/italic/index.php?procedure=taxonpage&num=1051 (accessed May 8. 2018)(4) https://www.asturnatura.com/especie/gyalolechia-fulgida.html (accessed May 6. 2018)(5) https://italianbotanist.pensoft.net/article/24852/element/7/gyalolechia/ (accessed May 7. 2018)(6) P. L. Nimis, The Lichens of Italy: A Second Annotated Catalogue, Edizioni Universit di Trieste (2016) (7) https://www.naturamediterraneo.com/forum/topic.asp?TOPIC_ID=282577 (accessed May 7. 2018) (8) H. Mayehofer, D. Steevi, A. Brudermann, B.R. Ftschl & P.O. Biloviz, New or otherwise interesting lichenized and lichenicolous fungi from Montenegro II. - Fritschiana (Graz) (2017) 86: 130. Available at: https://static.uni-graz.at/fileadmin/nawi-institute/Botanik/Fritschiana/fritschiana-86/fritschiana-86.pdf (accessed May 7. 2018)
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Slo.: ? - Habitat: Stony, man made wall delimiting pasture grassland, S exposition, warm place, fully exposed to sun and precipitations, vertically oriented, precipitations ~3.000 mm/year, average temperature 8-10 deg C, altitude 630 m (2.100 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. Substratum: limestone rock
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Habitat: Grassland in midst of Bovec basin, level ground, 1.6 m off ground, fully sun and rain exposed, precipitations ~3.000 mm/year, average temperature 8-10 deg C, altitude 440 m (1.450 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. Substrata: branches of live standalone Sambucus nigra bush
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Determination uncertain. Habitat: stony upland grassland, fully wind, sun and precipitations exposed, precipitations ~3.000 mm/year, average temperature 0-2 deg C, altitude 1.910 m (6.300 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. Substratum: calcareous rock
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Syn: Xanthoria ectaneoides (Nyl.) Zahlbr., Xanthoria parietina var. ectanea auct. brit, Parmelia aureola Ach., Physcia aureola (Ach.) Linds., Xanthoria parietina f. aureola (Ach.) P. Syd. - Habitat: dry stony wall delimiting (mostly) abandoned fields and deserted terraced olive groves; close to sea shore; almost flat terrain; calcareous, skeletal ground; dry place, full sun; exposed to direct rain, average precipitations ~ 900 mm/year, average temperature 12-14 deg C, elevations 35 m (110 feet), Sub-Mediterranean phytogeographical region. - Substratum: vertical to steeply inclined surface of limestone rocks, west-southwest exposition. - Comment: This was a beautiful and interesting find. The lichen is very conspicuous because of its deep orange color and considerable size. Several specimens were found in the vicinity. Also its taxonomy is interesting. After Smith (2009) it should be named Xanthoria aureola. However, this name has been long time used (and is still so by many) for another very similar specimen Xanthoria calcicola Oxner. Many (Ref.:2) would rather call them and also do so (Ref.:3) Xanthoria ectaneoides. They claim that the name Xanthoria aureola opposes the Article 57 of the International Code of Botanical Nomenclature. Other consider this species only as a 'kind of' very common Xanthoria parietina. The result is a considerable confusion in naming. Be that as it may Xanthoria calcicola differs from Xanthoria aureola by densely isidiate central part of the thallus (see Ref.: 7) and less strap-shaped and sparsely overlapping thallus terminal lobes (Smith 2009). Smith (2009) considers this species as Western European species and GBIF map confirms this by showing most of observations along west coasts from north Scandinavia to Canary Islands and with a few exceptions in Germany (a single specimen now in herbarium Berlin), on Crete and several finds in Italy (Ref.:6). Almost all finds are close to sea shores. What puzzles me with this observation is the center of the thallus on picture 2b, upper part. The thallus is 'bumpy' there and this bumps may eventually be interpreted as isidia. I am not sure. If so, this would not fit to Xanthoria aureola. Also, Smith lists ' siliceous or, rarely, basic rock ' as a most common substratum, while Dobson 2005 doesn't list siliceous rock as an option, but eventually allows basic rock. This find was surely found on calcareous, basic rock. The lichen was photographed in completely dry state. Ref.: (1) C.W.Smith, et all, The lichens of Great Britain and Ireland,The British Lichen Society,(2009), p 968. (2) http://www.lichens.lastdragon.org/Xanthoria_aureola.html (accessed April 3. 2018) (3) F.S. Dobson, Lichens, The Richmonds Publishing Ca.LTD (2005), p 462. (4) V. Wirth, Die Flechten Baden-Wrttembergs, Teil.2., Ulmer (1995), p 974. (5) https://www.gbif.org/species/2609974 (accessed April 3. 2018) (6) http://dbiodbs.univ.trieste.it/italic/italic41 (accessed April 3. 2018) (7) http://www.lichens.lastdragon.org/Xanthoria_calcicola.html (accessed April 4. 2018)
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Slo.: ? Habitat: A rock in midst of grassland, fully exposed to sun and precipitations, S exposition, precipitations ~3.000 mm/year, average temperature 8-10 deg C, altitude 635 m (2.100 feet), alpine phytogeographical region. Substratum: vertical surface of a bare calcareous rock
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