-
Figures 44–49; Lactura last instars. 44 Lactura pupula 45 Lactura subfervens 46 Lactura rubritegula 47 Lactura atrolinea 48 Lactura nalli 49 Lactura basistriga.
-
-
-
-
Dorsal..
-
Figures 7, 8; Larvae of Lactura rubritegula and L. basistriga. 7 Last instar ex ova L. rubritegula; mother: TX: Kendall Co., Boerne, 25 April 2015, David L. Wagner and Delmar Cain colls., DLW Lot: 2015D60, COI Barcode DLW-000568 8 Last instar ex ova L. basistriga; mother: TX: Cameron Co., Southmost, Sabal Palm Audubon Sanctuary, 7 November 2013, David L. Wagner coll., DLW Lot: 2013L29, COI Barcode DLW-000466. Both clutches reared by Berry Nall on Sideroxylon celastrinum.
-
Figures 1, 2; Lactura resting posture. 1 Lactura rubritegula dorsal view 2 Lactura nalli lateral view.
-
Dorsal..
-
5/30/14 Franklin County Photo and ID thanks to Jack Foreman
-
Figures 50, 51; When threatened, Lactura caterpillars evert transparent, balloon-like vesicles from the side of their body that secrete a sticky, mucilaginous fluid. 50 Lactura pupula larval defense response 51 Lactura nalli larval defense response.
-
Dorsal..
-
Figures 23–30; Male genitalia. 23 Lactura nalli [PARATYPE], TX: Starr Co., Falcon Heights (26.5337N, 99.1059W), larva: 30 March 2014, pupated: 05 May 2014, emerged: 06 November 2014, host: Sideroxylon celestrinum, Berry Nall coll., BBN14#06c, genitalia slide #TAM-2017-014, CO1 Barcode DLW-000486 24 Lactura subfervens sapeloensis [PARATYPE], GA: McIntosh Co., Sapelo Island, Lighthouse Rd. Salt marsh edge habitat (31°23'25.7"N, 81°16'55"W), 11–12 March 2016, James Adams and Brian Scholtens colls., genitalia slide #TAM-2017-018, Voucher Code TAM0010 25 Lactura atrolinea, TX: Cameron Co., Sabal Palm Grove Sanctuary, 16–17 November 1998, E. Knudson coll., genitalia slide #TAM-2017-015, CO1 Barcode DLW-000510 26 Lactura pupula, FL: Nassau Co., Fort Clinch St. Pk. Ferdinanda Beach, larva: 28 April 2014, emerged: 24 May 2014, host: Sideroxylon tenax, Richard Owen coll., DLW Lot: 2014D136, Genitalia slide #TAM-2017-016, CO1 Barcode DLW-000282, Voucher Code TAM0009 27 Lactura subfervens, TX: Uvalde Co., Neil’s Lodges, Rio Frio, larva: 17 April 2014, emerged: 16 April 2015, host: Sideroxylon lanuginosum, David L. Wagner coll., DLW Lot: 2014D45, genitalia slide #TAM-2017-019, Voucher Code TAM0007 28 Lactura basistriga, TX: Hidalgo Co., Bentsen St. Pk., 30 April 1995, E. Knudson coll., genitalia slide #TAM-2017-003, CO1 Barcode DLW-000513 29 Lactura rubritegula [PARATYPE], TX: Kendall Co., Boerne (29°52'51"N, 98°36'50"W), 27 April 2015, David Wagner and Delmar Cain colls., genitalia slide #TAM-2017-004 30 Lactura rubritegula [HOLOTYPE], TX: Kendall Co., Boerne, D. Cain Home (29°52'51N, 98°36'51"W), 27 April 2015, David Wagner & Delmar Cain colls., genitalia slide #TAM-2017-002, CO1 Barcode DLW-000816. Scale bar: 1mm. Dissections and images prepared by Tony Thomas.
-
Figures 9–14; Life history of Lactura nalli. 9 Egg cluster (near petiole of leaf below resting female) 10 first instar 11 second instar 12 penultimate instar 13 cocoons 14 pupa.
-
Lateral..
-
Figures 3–6; Lactura genitalia. 3 HOLOTYPE male Lactura rubritegula TX: Kendall Co., Boerne, D. Cain Home (29°52'51N, 98°36'51"W), 27 April 2015, David Wagner & Delmar Cain colls., CO1 Barcode DLW-000816 Genitalia slide # TAM-2017-002 4 Male Lactura basistriga TX: Hidalgo Co., Bentsen St. Pk., 30 April 1995, Ed Knudson coll., Genitalia slide # TAM-2017-003, COI Barcode DLW-000513 5 Female Lactura rubritegula. TX: Kendall Co., Boerne, D. Cain Home (29°52'51N, 98°36'50"W), 27 April 2015, David Wagner & Delmar Cain colls., Genitalia slide # TAM-2017-001 6 Female Lactura basistriga. TX: Cameron Co. Sabal Palm Grove (25°51'9"N, 97°25'3.8"W), BBN15#27.a, larva collected 25 April 2015; emerged 21 May 2015, Berry Nall coll., Host: Sideroxylon celastrinum, Genitalia slide # TAM-2017-005.
-
Figures 31–36; Male abdomens with scent-emitting androconial structures. 31 Lactura pupula, FL: Nassau Co., Fort Clinch St. Pk. Ferdinanda Beach, DLW Lot: 2014D136, larva: 28 April 2014, emerged: 24 May 2014, host: Sideroxylon tenax, Richard Owen coll., Genitalia slide # TAM-2017-016, CO1 Barcode DLW-000282, Voucher Code TAM0009 32 Lactura atrolinea, TX: Cameron Co., Sabal Palm Sanctuary (25°51'3"N, 97°25'1"W), ex-ova: female 25 November 2014, DLW Lot: 2014L121b, emerged: 17 February 2015, host: Sideroxylon celastrinum, genitalia slide #TAM-2017-006, Voucher Code TAM0008. 33 Lactura subfervens sapeloensis [PARATYPE], GA: McIntosh Co., Sapelo Island, Lighthouse Rd. salt marsh edge habitat (31°23'25.7"N, 81°16'55"W), 11–12 March 2016, James Adams and Brian Scholtens coll., genitalia slide #TAM-2017-018, Voucher Code TAM0010 34 Lactura nalli [PARATYPE], TX: Starr Co., Falcon Heights (26.5337N, 99.1059W), larva: 30 March 2014, pupated: 05 May 2014, emerged: 06 November 2014, host: Sideroxylon celastrinum, Berry Nall coll., BBN14#06c, genitalia slide #TAM-2017-014, CO1 Barcode DLW-000486 35 Lactura atrolinea, TX: Cameron Co., Audubon Sabal Palm Grove Sanctuary, 16–17 November 1998, E. Knudson coll., genitalia slide # TAM-2017-015, CO1 Barcode DLW-000510 36 Lactura subfervens sapeloensis, see 33 above. Dissections and images prepared by Tony Thomas.
-
Dorsal..
-
Figures 15–22; Adult Lactura. 15 Lactura subfervens (heavy maculation), TX: Kaufman Co., Becker, 18 February 2011, J. McDermott coll., CO1 Barcode DLW-000111 16 Lactura subfervens (light maculation), TX: Harrison Co., Caddo Lake St. Pk., 14 June 1998, E. Knudson coll., CO1 Barcode DLW-000509 17 Lactura subfervens sapeloensis, FL: Marion Co., Hopkins Prairie (29.275N, 81.692W), 18 March 2013, J. Vargo coll 18 Lactura atrolinea, TX: Cameron Co., Sabal Palm Grove Sanctuary, 16–17 November 1998, E. Knudson coll., genitalia slide #TAM-2017-015, CO1 Barcode DLW-000510 19 Lactura rubritegula [HOLOTYPE], TX: Kendall Co., Boerne, D. Cain Home (29°52'51"N, 98°36'51"W), 27 April 2015, David Wagner & Delmar Cain colls., genitalia slide #TAM-2017-002, CO1 Barcode DLW-000816 20 Lactura basistriga, TX: Cameron Co., Sabal Palm Grove (25°51'9"N, 97°25'3.8"W), BBN15#27a, larva collected 25 April 2015, emerged 21 May 2015, Berry Nall coll., host: Sideroxylon celastrinum, genitalia slide #TAM-2017-005 21 Lactura nalli [PARATYPE], TX: Starr Co., Falcon Heights (26.5585N, 99.1220W), 19 March 2018, Berry Nall coll 22 Lactura pupula, FL: Nassau Co., Fort Clinch State Park, Ft. Clinch Fernandina Beach, DLW Lot: 2014D136, larva: 28 April 2014, emerged: 22 May 2014, host: Sideroxlon tenax, Richard Owen coll.
-
Dorsal..
-
-
Dorsal..
-
Figures 1, 2; Adults of Lactura rubritegula and L. basistriga. 1 HOLOTYPE male Lactura rubritegula. TX: Kendall Co., Boerne, D. Cain Home (29°52'51"N, 98°36'51"W), 27 April 2015, David Wagner & Delmar Cain colls., CO1 Barcode DLW-000816 Genitalia slide # TAM-2017-002 2 Female Lactura basistriga. TX: Cameron Co. Sabal Palm Grove (25°51'9"N, 97°25'3.8"W), BBN15#27.a, larva collected 25 April 2015; emerged 21 May 2015, Berry Nall coll., Host: Sideroxylon celastrinum, Genitalia slide # TAM-2017-005.
-
Dorsal..
-
Figures 37–43; Female genitalia. 37 Lactura basistriga, TX: Cameron Co., Sabal Palm Sanctuary (25°51'9"N, 97°25'3.8"W), larva: 25 April 2015, pupated: 29 April 2015, emerged: 21 May 2015, host: Sideroxylon celestrinum, Berry Nall coll., BBN15#27a, genitalia slide #TAM-2017-005, Voucher Code TAM0005 38 Lactura nalli [PARATYPE], TX: Starr Co., Falcon Heights (26.5337N, 99.1059W), genitalia slide #TAM-2017-013, CO1 Barcode DLW-000569 39 Lactura atrolinea, TX: Cameron Co., Sabal Palm Sanctuary (25°51'3"N, 97°25'1"W), 25 November 2014, David L. Wagner coll., genitalia slide #TAM-2017-007 40 Lactura pupula, FL: Duval Co., Little Talbot State Park, 24 March 2007, B.D. Williams coll., genitalia slide #TAM-2017-011 41 Lactura rubritegula [PARATYPE], TX: Kendall Co., Boerne (29°52'51"N, 98°36'51"W), 27 April 2015, David L. Wagner coll., ♀ DLW 2015D60.2b, genitalia slide #TAM-2017-001 42 Lactura subfervens, TX: Comal Co., New Braunfells off Huaco Sprgs, Loop Road, 24 March 1995, genitalia slide #TAM-2017-009 43 Lactura subfervens sapeloensis [PARATYPE], GA: McIntosh Co., Sapelo Island, Lighthouse Rd. salt marsh edge habitat (31°23'25.7"N, 81°16'55"W), 11–12 March 2016, James Adams and Brian Scholtens colls., genitalia slide #TAM-2017-017, CO1 Barcode DLW-000770, Voucher Code TAM0003. Scale bar: 2 mm. Dissections and images prepared by Tony Thomas.