Picornavirales

Summary[edit] Description: हिन्दी: हेपाटोवाइरस. Date: 10 February 2017. Source: Own work. Author: Chelsy bothra.

Avian encephalomyelitis in 33-day-old broilers: 3 mortalities with twisting of neck (middle, its legs off); or tetanos-like posture (left); morbidity was low (1,5 ‰); lethality 80 to 90 %

Summary[edit] Description: English: Molecular surfaces of Triatoma virus (TrV) and Cricket paralysis virus (CrPV; PDB entry 1b35). The individual proteins are coloured according to the following code: VP1, blue; VP2, green; VP3, red. The structures are on the same scale. TrV displays characteristic surface projections formed by VP1 and VP3 around the fivefold axes, while there is a depression at the twofold axes of TrV. Date: 1 June 2013. Source: https://journals.iucr.org/d/issues/2013/06/00/mn5025/index.html. Author: Gaëlle Squires, Joan Pous, Jon Agirre, Gabriela S. Rozas-Dennis, Marcelo D. Costabel, Gerardo A. Marti, Jorge Navaza, Stéphane Bressanelli, Diego M. A. Guérinb, and Felix A. Reya.

Summary[edit] Description: English: Example of deformed wing virus in a honeybee. Note the stumpy, useless wings, deformed abdomen, leg paralysis, and weakness of the neck muscles. Date: 30 May 2013. Source: Own work. Author: Xolani90.

Summary[edit] Description: Deutsch: Graphische 3D-Darstellung eines Enterovirus E-Virions. Source: Own work. Author: Captain Janeway and Captain Kirk.

Summary[edit] Description: Original caption: "Phylogenetic analyses of HRV and HEV. This illustrates that recombination events are much more prevalent in the untranslated regions (UTRs) compared with a translated region (VP4/VP2). Separate alignments of the coding (VP4/VP2; 464 nt) and untranslated (5’UTR; 555 nt) regions’ sequences were constructed using MUSCLE v.3.8.31. Maximum likelihood phylogenetic trees were inferred separately for the non-coding and coding regions using PhyML v.3.0 using a general-reversible substitution model with gamma-distributed among-site rate variability. Samples are labeled by following format: “Sample code / Country of collection / Month- Year of collection.” Phylogenetic trees were colored by HRV species: HRV-A, HRV-B, HRV-C, and four types of HEV (HEV-A, HEV-B, HEV-C and HEV-D). In addition, four HRV-C clades show different recombination events and these are denoted individually as HRV-C.I to IV." Copyright/license notice: "Copyright © 2013 Garcia et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.". Date: October 2013. Source: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3854537/. Author: Josefina Garcia12*, Victoria Espejo1, Martha Nelson2, Merly Sovero1, Manuel V Villaran1, Jorge Gomez3, Melvin Barrantes4, Felix Sanchez5, Guillermo Comach6, Ana E Arango7, Nicolas Aguayo8, Ivette L de Rivera9, Wilson Chicaiza10, Mirna Jimenez11, Washington Aleman12, Francisco Rodriguez13, Marina S Gonzales14, Tadeusz J Kochel15 and Eric S Halsey1.

Summary[edit] Description: English: Image has been uploaded to the Commons as part of the Molecular and Cellular Biology WikiProject in collaboration with the public-domain database Rfam. Here is the link to the discussion. Source: This image is taken from the Rfam database. Author: This file is lacking author information.

Summary[edit] Description: English: Picornavirus life cycle. (A, B) Picornavirus uses different receptors to enter the cell, some implicated in the signaling internalization (A), meanwhile others can act as carriers that transport the viral particle to meet the primary receptor (B). (C, D) This infection event can be impeded by the action of specific neutralizing antibodies that can destabilize the viral particle (C) or opsonize or stabilize the particle to impair receptor binding or conformational changes required for infection (D). (E) Once the virus enters the cell, the viral RNA delivery mechanism is triggered, and the viral genome (black wavy line) is released into the cytoplasm. (F) Upon removal of VPg (magenta oval), the genome starts the IRES-driven translation leading to the production of the viral polyprotein. (G) The proteolytic cascade produces all viral proteins, structural and non-structural. (H) Some proteins act by hijacking the host cellular systems such as the nuclear pore, the cell translation machinery, and the apoptotic systems and initiate the remodeling of the internal cell membranes. (I) The structural proteins assemble into the capsid intermediates, the protomer and the pentamer, and also procapsids (L). (J) The formed replication complex assembled from non-structural proteins and modified internal membranes firing the picornaviral genome replication by the 3D polymerase via RNA complementary (red wavy lines) and using VPg as a primer. (K) The new progeny genomes including eventual mutations (yellow stars). (M) Mature virions assemble from pentamers that surround and package the new viral genomes. Viral particles escape from the cell by cell lysis or budding within membranes that can protect the viral progeny (P). (N) Some progeny virus with mutations in their capsids (yellow star) may escape from to the action of specific NAbs. (O) Empty capsids can act as molecular decoys for Abs to protect the infecting particles from neutralization. Date: 20 August 2019. Source: https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fcimb.2019.00283/full. Author: Javier Orlando Cifuente and Gonzalo Moratorio.

Summary[edit] Description: Walon: Ecefali-miyôlite di polets d' 30 djoûs: pôzucion d' doirmaedje. Date: 8 September 2016, 15:52:34. Source: Own work. Author: Lucyin.

Summary[edit] Description: English: Phylogenetic classification of the available Dicistroviridae genome sequences constructed using the MEGA5 software (Tamura et al., 2011). The type species of each genus is boxed. Two genera have been accepted so far: Cripavirus and Aparavirus (continuous ellipse). The proposed Triatovirus genus (Agirre et al., 2011) would initially cover PSIV, HiPV, BQCV and TrV (dashed ellipse), with TrV as the type species. Date: 1 June 2013. Source: https://journals.iucr.org/d/issues/2013/06/00/mn5025/index.html. Author: Gaëlle Squires, Joan Pous, Jon Agirre, Gabriela S. Rozas-Dennis, Marcelo D. Costabel, Gerardo A. Marti, Jorge Navaza, Stéphane Bressanelli, Diego M. A. Guérinb, and Felix A. Reya.

Summary[edit] Description: English: Enterovirus E assembly Deutsch: Assemblierung eines Enterovirus E Virions. Date: 11 January 2021. Source: https://media.eurekalert.org/multimedia_prod/pub/web/253143_web.jpg from https://www.eurekalert.org/multimedia/pub/253143.php. Author: University of Leeds via https://www.eurekalert.org/multimedia/pub/253143.php. Permission(Reusing this file): : This work is free and may be used by anyone for any purpose. If you wish to use this content, you do not need to request permission as long as you follow any licensing requirements mentioned on this page. The Wikimedia Foundation has received an e-mail confirming that the copyright holder has approved publication under the terms mentioned on this page. This correspondence has been reviewed by an Volunteer Response Team (VRT) member and stored in our permission archive. The correspondence is available to trusted volunteers as ticket #2021020910004221. If you have questions about the archived correspondence, please use the OTRS noticeboard. Ticket link: https://ticket.wikimedia.org/otrs/index.pl?Action=AgentTicketZoom&TicketNumber=2021020910004221.

Description: en:Coxsackie B4 virus seen with an immunoelectron microscope. Using immunoelectron microscopic technique, one is able to discern the morphologic traits of the Coxsackie B4 virus virions. In addition to the three different polioviruses, there are 61 non-polio enteroviruses that can cause disease in humans. These include the 23 Coxsackie A viruses, 6 Coxsackie B viruses, 28 echoviruses, and 4 other enteroviruses. Source:CDC's Public Health Image Library Image #5630. Source: This file is lacking source information. Please edit this file's description and provide a source. Author: This file is lacking author information.

Summary[edit] Description: English: Human rhinovirus genomic organization, virion structure, and species. (A) The 7.21 kb +ssRNA genome of HRV-16 is comprised of a single open-reading frame encoding 11 gene products, which upon translation into three distinct polyproteins are cleaved by HRV-encoded proteases (2A and 3C). The 5′-end of the genome is capped with a short viral priming protein (VPg) for incorporation during virion assembly and a the 3′-end is polyadenylated. Capsid proteins VP1 and VP4 (∗) are generally used for phylogenetic analysis. RdRP, RNA-dependent RNA polymerase; UTR, untranslated region. (B) An icosahedral virion structure of HRV with a pentamer structure shown highlighting the external capsid proteins (VP1, VP2, and VP3) organization. VP1 is responsible for receptor engagement and VP4 is located beneath each monomeric unit and is responsible for genomic association with VPg. (C) Three distinct species of human rhinovirus have been identified (HRV-A, HRV-B, and HRV-C). The approximate number of types within each species classification and known receptors of each are shown. Date: 5 December 2017. Source: https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2017.02412/full. Author: Christopher C. Stobart1, Jenna M. Nosek, and Martin L. Moore.

Avian encephalomyelitis in 30-day-old broilers: prostration

Summary[edit] Description: Deutsch: Schemazeichnungen von Virusteilchen der Familie Dicistroviridae English: Schematic drawings of virions of family Dicistroviridae. Date: 2008. Source: https://viralzone.expasy.org/resources/Dicistroviridae%5Fvirion.jpg. Author: ViralZone, SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics: Dicistroviridae. Permission(Reusing this file): : This work is free and may be used by anyone for any purpose. If you wish to use this content, you do not need to request permission as long as you follow any licensing requirements mentioned on this page. The Wikimedia Foundation has received an e-mail confirming that the copyright holder has approved publication under the terms mentioned on this page. This correspondence has been reviewed by an Volunteer Response Team (VRT) member and stored in our permission archive. The correspondence is available to trusted volunteers as ticket #2021020910004221. If you have questions about the archived correspondence, please use the OTRS noticeboard. Ticket link: https://ticket.wikimedia.org/otrs/index.pl?Action=AgentTicketZoom&TicketNumber=2021020910004221.

Summary[edit] Description: English: This photo shows an electron micrograph of a thin section of numerous, spherical EV-D68 viral particles. Note that some of the viral particles appear as if they are "empty," missing their contents of single-stranded RNA. Date: 2014. Source: https://www.cdc.gov/non-polio-enterovirus/resources-ev68-photos.html. Author: Cynthia S. Goldsmith and Yiting Zhang, CDC.

Summary[edit] Description: English: The genome of Picornavirus. Date: 29 June 2010. Source: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2897181/figure/fig1/. Author: Jason Kerkvliet, Ramakrishna Edukulla, Moses Rodriguez.

Avian encephalomyelitis in 33-day-old broilers: post-mortem findings : enlarged kidneys; slight enteritis

Summary[edit] Description: English: Photograph of (Enterovirus 71) EV71 viral particles analyzed by transmission electron microscopy. The full particles had a solid structure with 33–35 nm in diameter. The bar indicates 50 nm. Date: 24 July 2014. Source: https://journals.plos.org/plosntds/article?id=10.1371/journal.pntd.0003044. Author: Min-Yuan Chia, Wan-Yu Chung, Pai-Shan Chiang, Yeh-Sheng Chien, Mei-Shang Ho, and Min-Shi Lee.

Summary[edit] Description: Deutsch: Schemazeichnung eines Virions der Gattung Iflavirus (Ordnung Picornavirales), Querschnitt und Seitenansicht. Date: 2008. Source: https://viralzone.expasy.org/resources/Picornaviridae%5Fvirion.jpg at https://viralzone.expasy.org/278. Author: ViralZone, SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, see https://viralzone.expasy.org/ bottom right and Commons:Deletion requests/Files uploaded by Ernsts.

Summary[edit] Description: English: A map of states in the US with confirmed cases of Enterovirus D68. Source: https://www.cdc.gov/non-polio-enterovirus/outbreaks/EV-D68-outbreaks.html. Author: CDC.

Summary[edit] Description: English: Picornavirus genome, proteins, and capsid organization. (A) Representation of the picornavirus genome, the VPg, and the polyA tail, showing the single ORF location. The position of the P1–3 regions, the flanking 5′ and 3′UTR, and the IRES are indicated. (B) A bar diagram showing the polyprotein (gray box) and the proteolytic cascade that leads to all picornaviral proteins (colored boxes). Boxes include the protein names following the genome-ORF regions' nomenclature (number–letters) or the VP1–4 nomenclature for the structural proteins. Colored rhombi indicate cleavage points and are labeled with the corresponding protease name. (C) Overall view of the canonical picornavirus protomer with the proteins VP1 (blue), VP2 (green), VP3 (red), and VP4 (yellow). The protein N- and C-termini are indicated as encircled N and C letters, and yellow circles show the 5-,−3, 2-fold symmetry axes positions. Lipid components as the VP4 myristoylation and the “pocket factor” are depicted as black spheres. The “canyon” region is shown as a gray circular segment shadow. (D) Schematics of the “jelly roll” fold of VP1–3 proteins inscribed in a trapezoidal prism where the yellow highlighted face corresponds to the external capsid surface, and the dark gray base faces the inner capsid. The secondary structure elements are colored from N- to C-terminus according to the color code bar below. External loops and N- and C-terminus are indicated. (E) Overall view of the picornavirus capsid showing the outer surface of VP1 (blue), VP2 (green), and VP3 (red). The yellow dotted line indicates the boundaries of one pentamer. The solid yellow line marks the icosahedral asymmetric subunit and thinner lines separate proteins following the trapezoidal schematics shown in (D). Symmetry 5-, 3-, 2-fold symmetry axes are indicated in yellow circles. Date: 20 August 2019. Source: https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fcimb.2019.00283/full. Author: Javier Orlando Cifuente and Gonzalo Moratorio.

Summary[edit] Description: Latviešu: Enterovīrusu virioni zāļu Rigvir aktīvajā vielā. Elektronmikrofotogrāfija (palielinājums 150 000x) Negatīvā krāsošanas metode. English: Enterovirus virions in Rigvir drug active substance. Electronmicrophotography (magnification 150 000x) The negative staining method. Русский: Вирионы энтеровирусов в активном веществе Ригвир (Rigvir). Микро-электронная фотография (увеличение 150 000x) Отрицательный метод окрашивания. Date: 19 December 2013, 17:49:13. Source: Own work. Author: Redijs.

Summary[edit] Description: English: An electron micrograph of the Hepatitis A virus (HAV), an RNA virus that can survive up to a month at room temperature. This virus enters an organism by ingestion of water and food contaminated by human feces, and reaches the liver through the bloodstream. HAV infection is endemic in third world countries, and is prevalent in the Far East. Français : VHA (HAV), virus de l'hépatite A. Polski: Pikornawirus - Hepatitis A virus (HAV). Suomi: Hepatiitti A -virus. Català: Virus de l'Hepatitis A. Magyar: Hepatitis A vírus elektronmikroszkópos képe. فارسی: ویروس هپاتیت A. Date: 1976. Source: : This media comes from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's Public Health Image Library (PHIL), with identification number #2739. Note: Not all PHIL images are public domain; be sure to check copyright status and credit authors and content providers. العربية | Deutsch | English | македонски | slovenščina | +/−. Author: Photo Credit: Content Providers(s): CDC/Betty Partin. Permission(Reusing this file): PD-USGov-HHS-CDC English: None - This image is in the public domain and thus free of any copyright restrictions. As a matter of courtesy we request that the content provider be credited and notified in any public or private usage of this image. Other versions: This file has an extracted image: File:Hepatitis A virus 02.jpg..