Pinus fenzeliana Hand.-Mazz.

The timber is used for construction and producing turpentine.

A vulnerable species in China. It has often been confused, and even united, with Pinus fenzeliana (to which the records from Hainan might belong); however, the two species are not considered here to be conspecific.

Trees to 50 m tall; trunk to 1 m d.b.h.; bark dark brown or gray-brown, flaking; 1st-year branchlets pale brown (drying dark red-brown), rarely glaucous, slender, glabrous, longitudinally furrowed; winter buds cylindric-conical or ovoid, slightly resinous. Needles 5 per bundle, slender, triangular in cross section, 5-18 cm × 0.5-0.7 cm, flexible, vascular bundle 1, resin canals 3, 2 marginal and 1 median. Seed cones solitary or 2-4 clustered at base of branchlets, pedunculate (peduncle 1-2 cm), green, maturing to yellow-brown, narrowly ovoid, ellipsoid-ovoid, or cylindric-ellipsoid, 6-14 × 3-6 cm, usually resinous, dehiscent. Seed scales almost cuneate or oblong-obovoid, 2-2.5 × 1.5-2 cm at middle of cone; apophyses broadly subrhombic, distal margin obviously reflexed, apex thickened. Seeds chestnut or pale brown, obovoid-ellipsoid, 0.8-1.5 cm × 5-8 mm; seed coat thin; wing rudimentary, 2-4(-7) mm or much shorter. Pollination Apr, seed maturity Oct-Nov of 2nd year.

Trees to 30 m tall; trunk to 1.5 m d.b.h.; bark brown, scaly; 1st-year branchlets pale brown; old branchlets grayish brown or yellow-brown, glabrous, rarely puberulent; winter buds black-brown, slightly resinous. Needles 2-5 per bundle, triangular in cross section, 3.5-7 cm × 1-1.5 mm, vascular bundle 1, resin canals 2, marginal, sometimes also 1 median, base with sheath shed. Seed cones usually solitary, pedunculate (peduncle 0.7-2 cm), reddish brown at maturity, cylindric-oblong or cylindric-ovoid, 3-9(-17) × 1.5-7 cm, slightly resinous. Seed scales cuneate-obovate, 2.5-3.5 × 1.5-2.3 cm; apophyses rhombic, apex thin, straight or slightly incurved. Seeds ellipsoid or obovoid, 0.8-1.2 cm, together with wing subequal to seed scales. Pollination Apr-May, seed maturity Oct of 2nd year.

SW Anhui, Guangxi, C and N Guizhou, Hainan, SE Henan, E Hubei, SE Sichuan [Vietnam]

N Guangdong, SW Guangxi, S Guizhou, Hainan, S Hunan [Vietnam]

Mountains, usually scattered on ridges, rocks, or cliffs; 900-1600 m.

Hills, slopes, mountain ridges, summits; 500-1600 m.