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Gabriel S. C. Silva, Fábio F. Roxo, Claudio Oliveira
Zookeys
Figure 1.Hisonotus acuen, MZUSP 115350, female, 25.9 mm SL, holotype, from Mato Grosso State, municipality of Querência, affluent of rio Toguro, rio Xingu basin, 13°00'26"S, 52°11'27"W.
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Jonathan W. Armbruster, David C. Werneke, Milton Tan
Zookeys
Figure 2.Dorsal, lateral, and ventral views of holotype of Peckoltia ephippiata sp. n., MCP 35627, 101.7 mm SL. Photos by J. W. Armbruster.
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Fábio F. Roxo, Gabriel S. C. Silva, Claudio Oliveira
Zookeys
Figure 1.Holotype of Hisonotus vespuccii, MZUSP 115274, female, 32.6 mm SL, from Minas Gerais State, municipality of Pirapora, rio São Francisco, 17°21'00"S, 44°57'08"W.
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Gabriel S. C. Silva, Fábio F. Roxo, Claudio Oliveira
Zookeys
Figure 5.Variation in external morphology and coloration of Hisonotus acuen: a, b LBP 16279, 26.86 mm SL, affluent of rio Culuene, municipality of Gaúcha do Norte c, d MZUSP 115350, 25.9 mm SL, holotype, affluent of rio Toguro, municipality of Querência e (f) LBP16275, 21.67 mm SL, affluent of rio Feio, municipality of Querência.
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Jonathan W. Armbruster, David C. Werneke, Milton Tan
Zookeys
Figure 3.Distribution of the new species of Peckoltia: Peckoltia ephippiata (diamond), Peckoltia greedoi (square), and Peckoltia lujani (dots, black dot is type locality).
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Fábio F. Roxo, Gabriel S. C. Silva, Claudio Oliveira
Zookeys
Figure 3.Live specimen of Hisonotus vespuccii, LBP 19491, paratype, 32.4 mm SL, from Minas Gerais State, municipality of Pirapora, rio São Francisco.
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Gabriel S. C. Silva, Fábio F. Roxo, Claudio Oliveira
Zookeys
Figure 6.Hisonotus acuen, LBP 16284, live specimen, from affluent of rio Toguro, Querência, Mato Grosso State, Brazil. Photo: M. Taylor.
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Jonathan W. Armbruster, David C. Werneke, Milton Tan
Zookeys
Figure 4.Dorsal, lateral, and ventral views of holotype of Peckoltia greedoi sp. n., MCP 21972, 77.8 mm SL. Photos by J. W. Armbruster.
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Fábio F. Roxo, Gabriel S. C. Silva, Claudio Oliveira
Zookeys
Figure 2.Coloration pattern of caudal fin of Hisonotus species. a Hisonotus vespuccii, LBP 19491, 26.2 mm SL b Hisonotus acuen, LBP 16279, 26.1 mm SL c Hisonotus armatus, LBP 14461, 38.2 mm SL d Hisonotus bocaiuva, LBP 17402, 24.8 mm SL e Hisonotus chromodontus, LBP 7964, 27.6 mm SL f Hisonotus depressicauda, LBP 1293, 26.1 mm SL g Hisonotus francirochai, LBP 8356, 31.6 mm SL h Hisonotus heterogaster, LBP 14580, 38.7 mm SL i Hisonotus insperatus, LBP 17432, 26.9 mm SL j Hisonotus iota, LBP 13072, 41.5 mm SL k Hisonotus leucofrenatus, LBP 2039, 40.7 mm SL l Hisonotus leucophrys, LBP 13071, 41.1 mm SL m Hisonotus luteofrenatus, LBP 19534, 30.5 mm SL n Hisonotus megaloplax, LBP 13108, 35.8 mm SL o Hisonotus montanus, LBP 13055, 31.8 mm SL p Hisonotus nigricauda, LBP 14652, 38.5 mm SL q Hisonotus notatus, LBP 18472, 32.0 mm SL r Hisonotus oliveirai, LBP 13333, 24.0 mm SL s Hisonotus paresi, LBP 13351, 24.6 mm SL t Hisonotus piracanjuba, LBP 17256, 22.1 mm SL u Hisonotus vireo, LBP 14452, 35.5 mm SL.
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Gabriel S. C. Silva, Fábio F. Roxo, Claudio Oliveira
Zookeys
Figure 2.Spinelet variation among Hisonotus species. Figure a-f showing the extension of the bone forming a lock mechanism. In figure g–h, the bones lack the lock mechanism: a Hisonotus acuen, LBP 16276, 21.4 mm SL b Hisonotus acuen, LBP 16274, 21.1 mm SL c Hisonotus oliveirai LBP 13332, 23.7 mm SL d Hisonotus chromodontus, LBP 7964, 28.3 mm SL e Hisonotus piracanjuba, LBP 17256, 27.1 mm SL f Hisonotus paresis, NUP 10928, 23.6 mm SL g Hisonotus cf. notatus, LBP 3472, 25.8 mm SL h Hisonotus depressicauda, LBP 17474, 28.1 mm SL. Scale bar = 0.5 mm.
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Jonathan W. Armbruster, David C. Werneke, Milton Tan
Zookeys
Figure 3.Distribution of the new species of Peckoltia: Peckoltia ephippiata (diamond), Peckoltia greedoi (square), and Peckoltia lujani (dots, black dot is type locality).
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Fábio F. Roxo, Gabriel S. C. Silva, Claudio Oliveira
Zookeys
Figure 4.(a) (b) Type locality of Hisonotus vespuccii at rio São Francisco, municipality of Pirapora, Minas Gerais State, 17°21'00"S, 44°57'08"W. (c) (d) Paratypes locality of Hisonotus vespuccii at rio das Velhas, municipality of Presidente Juscelino, Minas Gerais State, 18°40'21"S, 44°11'33"W. Photo: LH Roxo.
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Gabriel S. C. Silva, Fábio F. Roxo, Claudio Oliveira
Zookeys
Figure 3.a Hisonotus acuen, holotype, MZUSP 115350, 25.9 mm SL, showing the yellowish-tipped teeth b Hisonotus chromodontus, NUP 10924, 29.7 mm SL, showing the reddish-brown teeth c Hisonotus acuen, holotype, MZUSP 115350, 25.9 mm SL, showing the caudal-fin color pattern mostly hyaline, except for dark blotch on origin of rays, and dark brown chromatophores largely concentrated on rays near lower caudal spine d Hisonotus chromodontus, LBP7964, 27.3 mm SL, showing caudal-fin dark brown with chromatophores largely concentrated on rays and membranes, and with two hyaline spots on middle of the fin.
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Jonathan W. Armbruster, David C. Werneke, Milton Tan
Zookeys
Figure 5.Dorsal, lateral, and ventral views of holotype of Peckoltia lujani sp. n., AUM 53523, 75.1 mm SL. Photos by J. W. Armbruster.
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Fábio F. Roxo, Gabriel S. C. Silva, Claudio Oliveira
Zookeys
Figure 5.Map of the distribution of Hisonotus vespuccii. Red Star = type locality, at rio São Francisco, municipality of Pirapora, Minas Gerais State. Red Circles = paratypes localities of Hisonotus vespuccii at rio das Velhas, rio Paraopeba and rio Formoso, Minas Gerais State.
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Gabriel S. C. Silva, Fábio F. Roxo, Claudio Oliveira
Zookeys
Figure 4.Hisonotus acuen, paratype, LBP 16278, 27.1 mm SL a Ventral view of abdominal figs b Cranial bones and dermal figs of the head in dorsal view. Scale bars: 1 mm.
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Jonathan W. Armbruster, David C. Werneke, Milton Tan
Zookeys
Figure 3.Distribution of the new species of Peckoltia: Peckoltia ephippiata (diamond), Peckoltia greedoi (square), and Peckoltia lujani (dots, black dot is type locality).
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Gabriel S. C. Silva, Fábio F. Roxo, Claudio Oliveira
Zookeys
Figure 7.a Map of the distribution of Hisonotus acuen. Red star = holotype locality, affluent of rio Toguro. Red circles = paratype localities, affluent of rio Culuene, affluent of rio Suiá-Missu, affluent of rio Feio, córrego Xavante, rio Coronel Vanick. All are tributaries of rio Xingu, Mato Grosso State, Brazil b Affluent of rio Feio, municipality of Querência, 12°33'20"S, 52°16'16"W, habitat where the specimens of Hisonotus acuen were found. Photo: M. Taylor.
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Fábio F. Roxo, Luz E. Ochoa, Gabriel S. C. Silva, Claudio Oliveira
Zookeys
Figure 1.Rhinolekos capetinga MZUSP 116102, holotype, male, 37.5 mm SL, Goiás State, rio Tocantins basin, Brazil.
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Fábio F. Roxo, Luz E. Ochoa, Gabriel S. C. Silva, Claudio Oliveira
Zookeys
Figure 3.Rhinolekos capetinga, live specimen, MZUSP 116102, holotype, male, 37.5 mm SL, rio Tocantins basin, Goiás State, Brazil. Photo: FF Roxo.
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Fábio F. Roxo, Luz E. Ochoa, Gabriel S. C. Silva, Claudio Oliveira
Zookeys
Figure 2.Rhinolekos capetinga, LBP 19001, paratype, 34.5 mm SL. a Anterior portion of axial skeleton and dorsal-fin supports (left side, lateral view). Vertebrae counts included five vertebrae of the Weberian apparatus. np nucal plate; rv6 rib of sixth vertebrae; px2 compound proximal and medial radial 2; sn+px1 compound supraneural first dorsal-fin proximal radial; sp1 first dorsal-fin spinelet; sp2 second dorsal-fin spine; v6−12 vertebrae 6−12 b Skull of Rhinolekos capetinga; f frontal; soc supraoccipital; cpt parieto-supraoccipital; op opercle; io1−5 infraorbitals; pop preopercle; cp 1−2 cheek plates; pr 1−3 postrostral plates; pf prefrontal plates; le lateral ethmoid; n nasal; lpn lateronasal plate; r rostral plate; pn prenasal; sp sphenotic.
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Fábio F. Roxo, Luz E. Ochoa, Gabriel S. C. Silva, Claudio Oliveira
Zookeys
Figure 4.a Map showing the distribution of Rhinolekos capetinga. Type locality at córrego da Branca, green star – 14°53'47.2"S, 47°34'58.4"W. Paratype localities at córrego da Branca, red star – 14°57'01.6"S, 47°35'57.0"W, and at córrego Roncador, pink star – 14°43'51.3"S, 47°32'34.0"W b Habitat and submerged vegetation where the specimens were found in type locality of córrego da Branca, 14°53'47.2"S, 47°34'58.4"W. Photo: LH Roxo.
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Fábio F. Roxo, Luz E. Ochoa, Gabriel S. C. Silva, Claudio Oliveira
Zookeys
Figure 5.Biogeographic distribution and time-calibrated phylogenetic tree of Microlepidogaster and Rhinolekos species, based on three mitochondrial (16SrRNA, COI, Cytb) and one nuclear marker (F-reticulon 4), modified from figure 7 of Roxo et al. (2014a). The map colorations indicate distinct biogeographic regions according to classification available in Roxo et al. (2014a): Green – Coastal drainages (A); Red – upper rio Paraná basin (B); Purple – Paraguay, Lower Paraná and Uruguay basins (C); Blue – Amazon basin (D); Yellow – São Francisco basin (E).
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Gabriel S. C. Silva, Fábio F. Roxo, Claudio Oliveira
Zookeys
Figure 1.Pseudancistrus kayabi, holotype, MZUSP 116322, male 88.4 mm SL, from rio Teles Pires (Amazon basin), municipality of Itaúba, Mato Grosso State, Brazil.